Low Power Architectures for IoT Applications

Preface
Organization of the Book
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 A Study on Energy Management for Low-Power IoT Devices
	Introduction
	Low-Power IoT Devices
	Energy Harvesting
		Energy Harvesting Architectures
		Sources of Energy Harvesting
		Energy Storage in IoT
		Energy Harvesting-Based IoT System: Case Studies
	Energy Conservation
		Hardware-Level Energy Conservation Technologies
		Communication-Level Energy Conservation Technologies
		OS-Level Energy Conservation Technologies
		Software-Level Energy Conservation Technologies
	Cloud and Fog Computing Roles in IoT Energy Management
	Conclusions
	References
2 Efficient FPGA-Based Implementation of Image Segmentation Algorithms for IoT Applications
	Introduction
	Literature Review
	Implementation
	Results
	Conclusion
	References
3 Study of Adiabatic Logic-Based Combinational and Sequential Circuits for Low-Power Applications
	Introduction
	Preliminaries
		Power-Clock Generation
		Adiabatic and Non-adiabatic Losses
		Adiabatic Logic Circuits
	Adiabatic Technique-Based Combinational Circuits
		Adiabatic Logic-Based Inverter
		Adiabatic Logic-Based Gates
		Adiabatic Logic-Based Adder
		Adiabatic Logic-Based Subtractor
		Adiabatic Logic-Based Comparator
		Adiabatic Logic-Based Multiplexer
		Adiabatic Logic-Based Multiplier
	Adiabatic Technique-Based Sequential Circuits
		Flip-Flops
		Shift Register
		Counter
	Result Analysis and Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
4 Low Power Methodologies for FPGA—An Overview
	Introduction
	Architecture of FPGA
	Design at Level of System
	Design at Level of Device
	Design at Level of Circuit and Architecture
	Modeling of Power
	FPGA CAD
	Conclusion
	References
5 IoT Devices Based Low Power Dependability
	Introduction
	Related Works
	Energy Efficiency
	Approximation on IoT
	Reliability on IoT
	Conclusion
	References
6 Data Converter Design Space Exploration for IoT Applications: An Overview of Challenges and Future Directions
	Introduction
	Data Converter Overview
		Converter Architectures
		Figure-of-Merits
		Present State-of-Art
	Data Converters for IoT
		Motivation
		Growth and Marketplace
		ADC/DAC Requirement for IoT
		Challenges and Future Directions
	References
7 IoT-Based Efficient and Complete Management on Street Parking
	Introduction
	Literature Review
	Smart Parking System
	Working
	Results
	Conclusion
	Future Scope
	References
8 UM5 of Rabat to Deep Space: Ultra-Wide Band and High Gain Only-Metal Fabry–Perot Antenna for Interplanetary CubeSats in IoT Infrastructure
	Introduction
	Antenna Design Geometrical Description
	Results and Discussion
	Conclusions
	References
9 A Shared Patch MIMO Antenna for NB-IoT Applications
	Introduction
	Antenna Design and Analysis
	Result and Findings
	Conclusion
	References
10 Development of Laser Beam Cutting Edge Technology and Iot Based Race Car Lapse Time Computational System
	Introduction
	Literature Review
	Proposed Method
		Block Diagram
		Simulation of Proposed System
	Results and Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
11 IoT-Based Solar-Assisted Low-Cost Ceramic Water Purification in Rainwater Harvesting System
	Introduction
	Major Traditional Rainwater Harvesting Systems in India
		Recent Rainwater Harvesting System
		Advantages of Harvesting Rainwater
		Necessity for Purification of Rainwater
		Methods of Purification for Harvested Rainwater
	Recognized Research on IoT-Based Rain Water Harvesting
		Working Principle
		Flowchart of Harvesting Water
	Policy for Educational Institutions Against Rain Water Harvesting System
	Interventions from Government Nodal Agencies
	Conclusions
	References
12 Leveraging Blockchain Technology in Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Scenarios
	Introduction
	Industry 4.0
	Nine Pillars of Industry 4.0
		Big Data and Analytics
		Autonomous Robots
		Simulation
		System Integration
		The Industrial Internet of Things
		Cyber Security and Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)
		Cloud Computing
		Additive Manufacturing
		Augmented Reality (AR)
	Blockchain
		Structure of Blockchain
		Working of Blockchain
		Overview of Characteristics
		Types of Blockchains
	Drivers
	Recent Advancements
	Conclusion and Future Research Directions
	References
13 Decentralized Blockchain Technology for the Development of IoT-Based Smart City Applications
	Introduction
	Overview of Blockchain
		What is Blockchain?
		Types of Blockchain
		Working of Blockchain
	Blockchain-Enabled HIoT Systems—A Case Study from a Smart City Perspective
		Storing Medical Data of Patients
		Examine the Effect of Procedure
		Alert During a Clinical Trial
		Transparency, Safety, and Privacy
		Hospitals Annual Financial Report
		Monitoring of Patient
		Recognizing the Fake Records
		Research and Development
		Reduce the Transaction Cost
	Blockchain-Based Solutions for IoT and Smart City Applications
	Future Research Direction
		Blockchain-As-A-Service (BaaS)
		Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)
	Conclusion
	References
14 Nullifying the Prevalent Threats in IoT Based Applications and Smart Cities Using Blockchain Technology
	Introduction
	Overview of Smart City
		Smart Cities Dimensions
		Security Framework
	Attacks in IoT Enabled Smart City Applications
		Data and Identity Theft
		Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack (DDoS)
		Permanent Denial of Service (PDoS)
		Device Hijacking
		Man-In-The-Middle (MITM)
		Eclipse Attack
		Sybil Attack
		Double Spending
		Race Attack
		51% Attack
	Blockchain Enabled Smart Cities
		Motivation for Deployment of Blockchain in IoT Based Smart Cities
		Blockchain Technology Overview
	Recent Advancements in Blockchain Assisted IoT and Smart City Applications
	Future Research Directions
	Conclusion
	References