Looking Beyond Words: Visual Research Methods in Education

Contents
Series Editor’s Foreword: “Seeing Is Believing”
Figures and Tables
	Figures
	Tables
Notes on Original Publications
Introduction
	Notes
	References
1. Photography as a Research Method with Learners in Compulsory Education: A Research Review
	Abstract
	Keywords
	1 Introduction
	2 Visual and Photographic Methods in Social Research
	3 Scope of This Review and Search Strategy
	4 Research Review Themes
		4.1 Why Photography Is Used: Representation, Participation and Emancipation
		4.2 How Photography and Photographs Are Used: Pre-generated, Researcher-generated and Participant-generated Photographs
	5 Summary and Reflecting on the Prospects for Photography as a Research Method in Education
	Acknowledgement
	References
		Review Articles
2. Visual Surplus: A Method for Examining ECE Becomings
	1 Introduction
	2 Visual Methods in ECE Research
	3 Visual Surplus
		3.1 Visual Surplus and Becoming
		3.2 Polyphony as a Portal to Visual Surplus
	4 Application of Visual Surplus in Early Childhood Education Research
	5 Materials and Methods
	6 What Did Teachers ‘See’?
	7 Challenges and Opportunities/Strengths and Weaknesses
	8 Ethical Considerations
	9 Applications beyond ECE
	10 Summary: Every Picture Paints Multiple Stories
	Note
	References
3. Visual Research Methods: Qualifying and Quantifying the Visual
	Abstract
	Keywords
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodological Consideration Using Visual Methods
		2.1 Realist Positivism vs. Social Constructivism
		2.2 Analysis and Interpretation of Visual Materials
		2.3 Grounded Theory and Visual Analysis
	3 Description of the Research Scenario
		3.1 Internet-based Visual Data
		3.2 Researcher and Participant-generated Visual Material
		3.3 Visual/Photo-elicited Data
	4 Summary and Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
4. Analysis of Youth-Oriented Websites: An Introduction to the Qualitative Image-Analytical Methods
	Abstract
	Keywords
	1 Preliminary Remarks, Questions and Purpose of This Investigation
	2 Methodological Sketch
		2.1 The Constitution Theory of Objective Hermeneutics
		2.2 Basic Methodological Assumptions
		2.3 Some Important Differences to Other Methods of Image Analysis
		2.4 The Exploration Power of Sequence Analytical Techniques
		2.5 Brief Overview of the Most Important Methodological Steps (Research Guidelines)
	3 Basic Information about the Website “A Thin Line” and about mtv
	4 The Analysis of the mtv Website “A Thin Line”
		4.1 Preliminary Remarks on the Media Structure of Websites in General
		4.2 Universal Picture Elements and Picture Dimensions
		4.3 Conspicuous Features in the Overall Design of the atl-Website
			4.3.1 Staged Look behind the Scenes – Independent Design
			4.3.2 The Hierarchy of Image Segments as Implicit Sequentiality
			4.3.3 You Can Choose! – The User as a Consumer
			4.3.4 You Have to Decide Quickly!
		4.4 Analysis of the Individual Image Segments
			4.4.1 Analysis of the Logo
		4.5 The Centered Photo
			4.5.1 The Inscription on the Photo
			4.5.2 The Centered Photo in Detail
		4.6 “DRAW YOUR LINE” – The Lower Left Image Segment
			4.6.1 The Text Sequences
			4.6.2 The Picture Elements
		4.7 “TAKE” – The Lower, Right Image Segment
	5 Conclusion
		5.1 Preliminary Remarks
		5.2 The Website as a Socializational Context
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgement
	Note
	References
5. Looking for More Possibilities: Classroom Video Analysis in Educational Research
	Abstract
	Keywords
	1 Brief Historical Context of Classroom Video Analysis
		1.1 Stage 1: 1955–1985
		1.2 Stage 2: 1986–2000
		1.3 Stage 3: 2001–2019
		1.4 Stage 4: 2020–Date
	2 Classroom Video Analysis Tools
	3 Data Set for Classroom Video Analysis
	4 The Value of Classroom Video Analysis
		4.1 Providing Opportunities for Reflection on Teachers’ Professional Development
		4.2 Providing Multi-modal Data to Increase the Richness and Possibility of Interpretation
		4.3 The Several Aspects Should Be Considered about Classroom Video Analysis
	5 Conclusion and Future Study
	References
6. Photo Elicitation and Its Application in Education Research
	Abstract
	Keywords
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Theoretical Foundations
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Selecting Appropriate Images
		4.2 Interview Structure and Questioning
		4.3 Analyzing Visual and Narrative Data
	5 Applications in Education Studies
	6 Recent Studies
	7 Conclusion
	References
7. Photovoice as a Tool for Critical Reflection in Communities of Practice for Teachers’
	Abstract
	Keywords
	1 Introduction
	2 The Limitations of Critical Reflection Tools
	3 Photovoice as a New Critical Reflection Tool
	4 Photovoice, Community of Practice, and Professional Identity Development
	5 Implementing Photovoice Reflection with Community of Practice
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgement
	References
8. Exploring Preservice Teachers’ Perception on Rural Teaching and Education through the Mediation
	Abstract
	Keywords
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 pst s’ Perception
		2.2 Methods to Explore pst s’ Perception
		2.3 An Additional Mediation Tool to Examine pst’s Perception: Photovoice
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Settings and Participants
		3.2 Data Collection
		3.3 Data Analysis
	4 Findings
		4.1 pst’s Individual Perception
			4.1.1 Individual Perception and Reflection
			4.1.2 The Influencing Factors for pst s’ Perception Concern
			4.1.3 Collective Reflection and Discussion Triggered by the Photovoice
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	Notes
	References
9. Using Photovoice as Methodology, Pedagogy and Assessment Tool in Education
	Abstract
	Keywords
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Visual Research
		2.2 Photovoice as a Participatory Methodology
		2.3 Photovoice as a Pedagogical Tool and Its Potential as an Assessment Tool
		2.4 Challenges for Photovoice
	3 Research Method
		3.1 Participants
		3.2 Photovoice as an Assessment Tool
		3.3 Photovoice as Methodology and Pedagogy
		3.4 Ethical Considerations
		3.5 Data Analysis
	4 Findings
		4.1 Selected Photographs and Narratives
		4.2 Reflections on Experiences with Photovoice
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Research Implications
		5.2 Limitations of the Study
		5.3 Directions for Future Research
	6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
10. Photovoice Data Analysis: Critical Approach, Phenomenological Approach, and Beyond
	Abstract
	Keywords
	1 The Critical Approach to Photovoice
	2 Phenomenological Approach to Photovoice
	3 A Proposed Data Analysis Strategy for Photovoice
		3.1 Photograph Analysis based on the Researcher’s Interpretations
		3.2 Photograph Analysis based on the Participants’ Interpretations
		3.3 Cross-comparison
		3.4 Theorization
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgement
	References
Index