Look: Looking Out, Looking in

Cover
IFC
FM
Copyright
Brief Contents
Contents
Chapter 1: A First Look at Interpersonal Communication
	Why We Communicate
		Physical Needs
		Identity Needs
		Social Needs
		Practical Goals
		Cultural Needs
	Culture and Communication
		Cultures and Co-Cultures
	The Process of Communication
		A Linear View
		A Transactional View
	Communication Principles and Misconceptions
		Communication Principles
		Communication Misconceptions
		Online Communication Principles and Misconceptions
	The Nature of Interpersonal Communication
		Two Views of Interpersonal Communication
		Personal and Impersonal Communication: A Matter of Balance
	What Makes an Effective Communicator?
		Communication Competence Defined
		Characteristics of Competent Communicators
		Competence in Intercultural Communication
Chapter 2: Communication and Identity: Creating and Presenting the Self
	Communication and the Self
		Self-Concept and Self-Esteem
		Biological Roots of the Self-Concept
		Characteristics of the Self-Concept
	Changing Your Self-Concept
		Cultural Aspects of Identity
	The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and Communication
		Self-Imposed Prophecies
		Other-Imposed Prophecies
	Presenting the Self: Communication as Identity Management
		Public and Private Selves
		Characteristics of Identity Management
	The Role of Identity Management
		Why Manage Identities?
		How Do We Manage Identities?
		Identity Management and Honesty
	Self-Disclosure in Relationships
		Degrees of Self-Disclosure
		A Model of Self-Disclosure
	Benefits and Risks of Self-Disclosure
		Benefits of Self-Disclosure
		Risks of Self-Disclosure
	Alternatives to Self-Disclosure
		Silence
		Lying
		Equivocating
		Hinting
		The Ethics of Evasion
Chapter 3: Perception: Is What You See What You Get?
	The Perception Process
		Selection
		Organization
		Interpretation
		Negotiation
	Influences on Perception
		Access to Information
		Physiological Influences
		Psychological Challenges
		Cultural Differences
		Social Roles
	Common Tendencies in Perception
		We Judge Ourselves More Charitably than Others
		We Cling to First Impressions
		We Assume that Others Are Similar to Us
		We Are Influenced by Our Expectations
		We Are Influenced by the Obvious
	Perception Checking
		Elements of Perception Checking
		Perception Checking Considerations
		Empathy
	Cognitive Complexity
		Cognitive Complexity and Communication
		Increasing Your Cognitive Complexity: The Pillow Method
Chapter 4: Emotions: Feeling, Thinking, and Communicating
	What Are Emotions?
		Physiological Factors
		Nonverbal Reactions
		Cognitive Interpretations
		Verbal Expression
	Influences on Emotional Expression
		Personality
		Culture
		Gender
		Social Conventions
		Social Media
		Emotional Contagion
	Guidelines for Expressing Emotions
		Recognize Your Feelings
		Recognize the Difference between Feeling, Talking, and Acting
		Expand Your Emotional Vocabulary
		Express Multiple Feelings
		Consider When and Where to Express Your Feelings
		Accept Responsibility for Your Feelings
		Be Mindful of the Communication Channel
	Managing Emotions
		Facilitative and Debilitative Emotions
		Sources of Debilitative Emotions
		Irrational Thinking and Debilitative Emotions
		Minimizing Debilitative Emotions
		Maximizing Facilitative Emotions
Chapter 5: Language: Barrier and Bridge
	Understandings and Misunderstandings
		Understanding Words: Semantic Rules
		Understanding Structure: Syntactic Rules
		Understanding Context: Pragmatic Rules
	The Impact of Language
		Naming and Identity
		Affiliation
		Power and Politeness
	Cultural and Gender Influences on Language
		Culture and Language
		Gender and Language
	Using Language Responsibly in Interaction
		Fact–Opinion Confusion
		Fact–Inference Confusion
		Emotive Language
		The Language of Responsibility
		Using Inclusive Language
Chapter 6: Online Interpersonal Communication
	Mediated Versus Face-to-Face Communication
		Similarities between Mediated and Face-to-Face Communication
		Differences between Mediated and Face-to-Face Communication
		Impacts of Mediated Communication on Interpersonal Interaction
	Benefits and Drawbacks of Mediated Communication
		Benefits of Mediated Communication
		Drawbacks of Mediated Communication
	Influences on Mediated Communication
		Identity
	Mediated Communication Competence
		Fostering Positive Relationships Online
		Balancing Online and Offline Behaviours in Face-to-Face Situations
		Embracing Relational Creativity
		Protecting Yourself
Chapter 7: Nonverbal Communication: Messages beyond Words
	Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
		Nonverbal Communication Defined
		Nonverbal Skills Are Vital
		All Behaviour Has Communicative Value
		Nonverbal Communication Is Primarily Relational
		Nonverbal Communication Occurs in Mediated Messages
		Nonverbal Communication Serves Many Functions
		Nonverbal Communication Offers Deception Cues
		Nonverbal Communication Is Ambiguous
		Influences on Nonverbal Communication
	Types of Nonverbal Communication
		Body Movement
	Individual Factors
		Voice
		Touch
		Appearance
	External Factors
		Physical Space
		Physical Environment
		Time
Chapter 8: Listening: Being Present, Mindful, and Engaged
	Listening Defined
		Hearing versus Listening
		Passive Listening
		Active Listening
		Elements in the Listening Process
	Barriers to Listening
		Types of Ineffective Listening
		Why We Don’t Listen Better
		Meeting the Challenge of Listening Better
	Types of Listening Responses
		Prompting
		Questioning
		Paraphrasing
		Supporting
		Analyzing
		Advising
		Judging
	Choosing the Best Listening Response
		Gender
		Culture
		The Situation
		The Other Person
		Your Personal Style
Chapter 9: Communication and Relational Dynamics
	Why We Form Relationships
		Appearance
		Similarity
		Complementarity
		Reciprocal Attraction
		Competence
		Self-Disclosure
		Proximity
		Rewards
	Models of Relational Development and Maintenance
		Developmental Models
	Dialectical Perspectives
		Managing Dialectical Tensions
	Characteristics of Relationships
		Relationships Change
		Relationships Are Affectedby Culture
		Relationships Require Maintenance
		Relationships Require Commitment
		Social Support
	Communicating about Relationships
		Content and Relational Messages
		Types of Relational Messages
		Metacommunication
	Repairing Damaged Relationships
		Relational Transgressions
		Strategies for Relational Repair
		Responding to Transgressions
	Intimacy in Relationships
		Dimensions of Intimacy
		Masculine and Feminine Intimacy Styles
		Cultural Influences on Intimacy
		Intimacy and Social Media
		The Limits of Intimacy
		Boundaries and Professionalism
Chapter 10: Improving Communication Climates
	Communication Climate
		Levels of Message Confirmation
		How Communication Climates Develop
		Workplace Communication Climates
	Defensiveness: Causes and Remedies
		Face-Threatening Acts
		Preventing Defensiveness in Others
	Saving Face and the Assertive Message Format
		The Assertive Message Format
	Nondefensive Responses to Criticism
		Seek More Information
		Agree with the Critic
Chapter 11: Managing Interpersonal Conflicts
	The Nature of Conflict
		Conflict Defined
		Conflict Is Natural
		Conflict Can Be Beneficial
	Conflict Styles
		Avoiding (Lose–Lose)
		Accommodating (Lose–Win)
		Competing (Win–Lose)
		Compromising (Partial Lose–Lose)
		Collaborating (Win–Win)
		Which Style to Use?
		Imago Relationship Therapy (IRT)
	Conflict in Relational Systems
		Complementary, Symmetrical, and Parallel Styles
		Destructive Conflict Patterns
		Conflict Rituals
		Conflict at Work
	Variables in Conflict Styles
		Gender
		Culture
	Constructive Conflict Skills
		Collaborative Problem Solving
		Constructive Conflict: Questions and Answers
Endnotes
Index
Chapter in Review pages