Long-term Effects of Sewage Sludge and Farm Slurries Applications

BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
PREFACE......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 7
A. CUMULATIVE AND RESIDUALS EFFECTS OF SLUDGES AND FARM SLURRIES PART I......Page 10
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 11
2. EFFECT OF THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION ON THE WASTE COMPOSITION......Page 12
4. QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF THE WASTE BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION......Page 13
5. INFLUENCE OF DIGESTED EFFLUENTS ON THE SOIL......Page 14
6. AVAILABILITY OF THE NUTRIENTS OF THE DIGESTED EFFLUENTS......Page 15
8. CONCLUSIONS......Page 17
REFERENCES......Page 18
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 21
2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS......Page 22
3. RESULTS......Page 23
4. CONCLUSIONS......Page 24
REFERENCES......Page 25
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 31
2.2 Pot experiments......Page 32
3.1 Influence of the preparation of slurries on their composition......Page 34
3.2 Efficiency of nitrogen of the prepared slurries......Page 35
Résumé......Page 38
REFERENCES......Page 39
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 40
2.2 Experiment 2......Page 41
2.3 Experiment 3......Page 44
3. CONCLUSIONS......Page 46
4. REFERENCES......Page 48
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 49
3. METHODS......Page 50
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 51
6. REFERENCES......Page 56
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 59
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 60
3.1. Nmin in the soil profile at the end of the winter period......Page 62
3.2.1. Beet yield......Page 63
3.2.2. Nitrogen effect of soils and sludges, partitioned into Nmin in the soil profile at the end of the winter period and Nmin released from organic N during the growing season......Page 64
3.2.3. Concentrations of sugar and nitrogen in the beet and of α-amino N, K and Na in the sugar filtrate......Page 65
3.2.5. Maximum sugar yields and optimum N application rates......Page 66
3.2.6. Beet phosphorus concentration......Page 67
3.2.9. Main effects of sewage sludge on sugar beet......Page 68
3.3.2. Nitrogen effect of soils and sludges, calculated from tuber yield, partitioned into Nmin in the soil profile at the end of the winter period. and N released from soil or sludge OM during the growing season......Page 69
3.3.4. Maximum tuber yields and optimum N application rates......Page 70
3.3.5. Underwater weight and nitrogen and phosphorus contents of tubers......Page 71
3.3.6. Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn in tubers......Page 72
3.4.2. Heavy metals in grains......Page 73
4. Conclusions......Page 74
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 75
2.2 Repeated applications of sludge......Page 76
3.1 Single applications of sludge......Page 78
3.2 Repeated applications of sludge......Page 79
4. CONCLUSIONS......Page 82
5. REFERENCES......Page 83
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 85
2. FARM SLURRIES......Page 86
3. EFFICIENCY OF NUTRIENTS IN FARM SLURRIES......Page 87
5. CROP QUALITY......Page 89
7. EUTROPHICATION OF GROUND-WATER......Page 90
9. LITERATURE......Page 91
DISCUSSION ON PART I......Page 92
A. CUMULATIVE AND RESIDUALS EFFECTS OF SLUDGES AND FARM SLURRIES PART II......Page 97
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 98
2. EXPERIMENTAL......Page 99
Crop effects......Page 100
Yearly variation......Page 102
Soil organic matter......Page 103
 4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 104
REFERENCES......Page 105
2. Experimental lay-out......Page 106
2.2. Crog Yields......Page 107
2.2.2. Winter wheat......Page 109
2.3. Eff iciency of slurry N......Page 110
3.1. Preliminary remarks......Page 111
3.3. Evolution of soil K content......Page 112
3.6. Evolution of soil pH......Page 113
3.8. Evolution of soil structure......Page 114
3.10. Conclusions......Page 115
1. Efficiency of slurry N......Page 116
Acknowledgments......Page 117
References......Page 118
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 120
2.1.1 Experiments on Grass......Page 121
2.1.2 Experiments on Arable Crops......Page 122
2.1.3 Residual Effects......Page 123
2.2 Phosphorus and Potassium—Effects on Soils and Herbage......Page 125
3. THE VALUE OF SLURRIES IN FARM PRACTICE......Page 127
REFERENCES......Page 128
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 130
2. EFFECTS ON BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TWO DIFFERENT SOILS......Page 132
3. EFFECTS ON BIOCHEMICAL SOIL PROPERTIES IN A SOIL PROFILE......Page 133
4. AFTEREFFECTS ON BIOCHEMICAL SOIL PROPERTIES......Page 134
REFERENCES......Page 137
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 138
3. RESULTS......Page 139
REFERENCES......Page 142
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 144
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 145
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 146
4. CONCLUSIONS......Page 150
6. REFERENCES......Page 151
DISCUSSION ON PART II......Page 152
B. CHANGES ON STORAGE AND MINERALISATION STUDIES IN SOILS AFTERTREATMENT......Page 157
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 158
2.1 Dry matter content......Page 159
2.2 Shrinkage......Page 160
2.4 Nitrogen......Page 161
3. EFFECT OF SLUDGE STORAGE ON GROWING CONDITIONS......Page 162
4. DISCUSSION......Page 164
5. LITERATURE......Page 165
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 166
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 168
4. CONCLUSIONS......Page 174
REFERENCES......Page 176
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 178
2.2. Growth conditions......Page 179
3.1. Germination test conditions......Page 180
4.1. Dry matter production......Page 181
4.2. Nitrogen exportation......Page 182
5. Nitrogen efficiency......Page 183
5.1. Comments on the nitrogen efficiency results......Page 184
8. Bibliography......Page 185
DISCUSSION......Page 186
C. METHODSFOR EVALUATING THE COMPOSITION OF SLURRIES MANURES......Page 189
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 190
3. RESULTS......Page 191
4. DISCUSSION......Page 192
REFERENCES......Page 193
MATERIAL AND METHODS......Page 196
REFERENCES......Page 198
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 203
3. PRINCIPLE OF SLURRY-METER......Page 204
4. HOW TO USE A SLURRY METER......Page 205
5. PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE......Page 207
APPENDIX—SLURRY METER INSTRUCTIONS......Page 208
DISCUSSION......Page 210
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 213
INDEX OF AUTHORS......Page 217