Living Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology (Primers in Anthropology)

Living Language
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I: Language: Some Basic Questions
	1. The Socially Charged Life of Language
		So, What Do You Need to Know in Order to “Know” a Language?
		Examples of Linguistic Diversity
		Examples of Diversity in Research Topics in Linguistic Anthropology
			Keith Basso
			Marjorie Harness Goodwin
			Bonnie Urciuoli
			Alessandro Duranti
			Kathryn A. Woolard
			James M. Wilce
		Key Terms in Linguistic Anthropology
			Multifunctionality
			Language Ideologies
			Practice
			Indexicality
		The Inseparability of Language, Culture, and Social Relations
	2. Gestures, Sign Languages, and Multimodality
		Bakhtin’s Double-Voiced Discourse
		Goffman’s Participation Framework and Production Format
		Speech and the Analysis of Conversation
		Gestures and Other Forms of Embodied Communication
		Sign Languages
		Poetry, Whistled Languages, Song, and Images
	3. The Research Process in Linguistic Anthropology
		What Kinds of Research Questions Do Linguistic Anthropologists Formulate?
		What Kinds of Data Do Linguistic Anthropologists Collect, and with What Methods?
			Participant Observation
			Interviews
			Surveys and Questionnaires
			Naturally Occurring Conversations
			Experimental Methods
			Matched Guise Tests
			Written Texts
		How Do Linguistic Anthropologists Analyze Their Data?
		What Products Do Linguistic Anthropologists Generate from their Research?
		What Sorts of Ethical Issues Do Linguistic Anthropologists Face?
	4. Language Acquisition and Socialization
		Language Acquisition and the Socialization Process
		Gaps in the “Language Gap” Approach
		Language Socialization in Bilingual or Multilingual Contexts
		Language Socialization throughout the Lifespan
		Conclusion
	5. Language, Thought, and Culture
		A Hundred Years of Linguistic Relativity
		The Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis
		Investigating the Effects of Language on Thought
			Language-in-General
			Linguistic Structures
			Color
			Space
			Time
			Language Use
		Conclusion
Part II: Global Communities of Speakers, Hearers, Readers, and Writers
	6. Global Communities of Multilingual Language Users
		Defining “Speech Community”
			Size and Location of the Community
			What Is Shared by the Members of a Speech Community?
			The Type of Interactions that Speech Community Members Have
		Alternatives to the Concept of “Speech Community”
			Speech Areas
			Speech Networks
			Communities of Practice
			Multilingual and Transnational Linguistic Practices
			Diglossia, Code-Mixing, and Code-Switching
			Diglossia
			Code-Switching
			Code-Mixing
			Heteroglossia
		Conclusion
	7. Literacy Practices
		Literacy Events vs. Literacy Practices
		“Autonomous” vs. “Ideological” Approaches to Studying Literacy
		Some Examples of Situated Literacy Research
			Preschool Literacy Practices in the Southeastern United States
			Pema Kumari’s letter
			Love-letter Writing in Nepal
			Instant Messaging: More like Speech or Writing?
	8. Online Communities and Internet Linguistic Practices
		Online Literacy Practices
			Capitalization, Punctuation, and Emojis
		Online Communities, Relationships, and Social Media
			Who’s Zoomin’ Who?
			Online Avatars
			So Close and yet so Far
		Conclusion
	9. Performance, Performativity, and the Constitution of Communities
		Performance Defined in Opposition to Competence
		Performativity
		Performance as a Display of Verbal Artistry
		Ethnographies of Performance and Performativity
Part III: Language, Power, and Social Differentiation
	10. Language and Gender
		What is Gender, and How Does it Relate to Language?
		Do Men and Women Speak Alike or Differently?
		Do Women and Men of All Ages and All Ethnic, Racial,
and Cultural Backgrounds Share the Same Gendered
Differences in Their Language Use?
		Some Thoughts on Myths and Realities
	11. Language, Race, and Ethnicity
		Defining Race and Ethnicity
		The Rule-Governed Nature of African American English
			Invariant or Habitual “Be”
			Copula Deletion
			Double Negatives
			The Reduction of Final Consonants
			Pronouncing the Word “Ask” as “Aks”
		Racist Language and Racism in Language
		Language and Racial/Ethnic Identities
		Conclusion
	12. Language Endangerment and Revitalization
		Enumerating the Crisis: How Many Endangered Languages are There?
		What Dies When a Language Dies?
		Why Do Languages Die?
		Can Endangered Languages Be Saved?
		Conclusion
	13. Conclusion: Language, Power, and Agency
		What Is Power?
			Hegemony
			Foucault’s Power Relations and Discourse
			Practice Theory and Power
		Agency
			The Grammatical Encoding of Agency
			Talk About Agency: Meta-Agentive Discourse
		Power and Agency In/through/by/of Language
Notes
References
Index
EULA