Liquid Filtration

Front Cover......Page 1
LIQUID FILTRATION......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 10
About the Author......Page 12
Introduction......Page 14
The Porous Media......Page 15
The Filter Media......Page 22
Liquid Filtration Classification......Page 23
The Formation of Filter Cake......Page 24
Washing and Dewatering Operations......Page 25
General Considerations for Process Engineers......Page 26
The Objectives of Filtration......Page 27
Preparation Stages for Filtration......Page 28
Equipment Selection Methodology......Page 29
Nomenclature......Page 31
Introduction......Page 32
Flexible Filter Media......Page 33
Rigid Filter Media......Page 47
Filter Media Selection Criteria......Page 56
Introduction to the Use of Filter Aids......Page 60
Examples of Filter Aids......Page 63
Filter Aid Selection......Page 64
Suggested Readings......Page 70
Nomenclature......Page 71
Introduction......Page 72
Dynamics of Cake Filtration......Page 73
Constant-Rate Filtration......Page 83
Variable-Rate and-Pressure Filtration......Page 85
Constant-Pressure-Drop Filtration......Page 88
Filtration Mechanisms......Page 94
Constant Rate Filtration......Page 96
Suggested Readings......Page 99
Nomenclature......Page 100
Introduction......Page 101
Rotary Drum Filters......Page 102
Cocurrent Filters......Page 104
Cross Mode Filters......Page 111
Cartridge Filters......Page 116
Diaphragm Filters......Page 123
High Pressure, Thin Cake Filters......Page 128
Thickeners......Page 130
Centrifugal Filtration......Page 133
Screw Presses......Page 136
Ultrafiltration......Page 137
Reverse Osmosis......Page 147
Closure......Page 154
Granular Media Filtration......Page 155
Bed Regeneration......Page 161
Flocculation Filtration......Page 162
Slow Sand Filtration......Page 164
Rapid Sand Filtration......Page 166
Chemical Mixing, Flocculation, and Solids Contact Processes......Page 168
Suggested Readings......Page 175
Introduction......Page 176
Overview of Technology Case Study......Page 177
Case Study Specifics......Page 180
Technology Application......Page 181
Mechanisms of Membrane Separations......Page 182
Treatment of Hazardous Wastes......Page 184
Features of the Hyperfiltration System......Page 186
Process Economics......Page 197
Detailed Process and Technology Description......Page 206
Summary of Case Study Analytical Results......Page 215
Closure......Page 223
Introduction......Page 224
Overview of Dewatering Technologies......Page 225
Use of Drying Beds......Page 230
Use of Vacuum Filtration......Page 232
Use of Pressure Filtration......Page 235
Use of Centrifugation......Page 236
Alternative Mechanical Dewatering Techniques......Page 239
Suggested Readings......Page 240
Introduction......Page 242
Paper and Allied Products Industry Wastes......Page 243
Dairy Products Industry Wastes......Page 245
Textile Industry Wastes......Page 250
Pharmaceutical Industry Wastes......Page 253
Leather Tanning and Finishing Industry Wastes......Page 256
Petroleum Refining Industry Wastes......Page 259
Food and Meat Packing Industry Wastes......Page 264
Beverages Industry Wastes......Page 267
Plastics and Synthetic Materials Industry Wastes......Page 271
Blast Furnaces, Steel Works, and Rolling and Finishing Wastes......Page 274
Organic Chemicals Industry Wastes......Page 278
Metal Finishing Industry Wastes......Page 281
Suggested Readings......Page 284
Index to Equipment and Flow Sheet Diagrams......Page 285
Index......Page 329