Linking diagenesis to sequence stratigraphy

Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 7
INTRODUCTION......Page 8
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY: AN OVERVIEW OF THE KEY CONCEPTS......Page 10
PARAMETERS CONTROLLING SEDIMENT DIAGENESIS......Page 13
BASIS FOR LINKING DIAGENESIS AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY......Page 14
DISTRIBUTION OF DIAGENETIC ALTERATIONS ALONG SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC SURFACES......Page 16
Sequence boundaries SB......Page 17
Carbonate deposits......Page 20
Siliciclastic deposits......Page 22
Carbonate deposits......Page 27
Siliciclastic deposits......Page 28
DISTRIBUTION OF DIAGENETIC ALTERATIONS WITHIN SYSTEMS TRACTS......Page 31
Clastic systems......Page 32
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 35
REFERENCES......Page 36
INTRODUCTION......Page 44
Evolution patterns of glaucony maturity......Page 45
i mineralogic connotation......Page 48
iii autochthonous versus allochthonous glaucony......Page 49
iv hierarchy of condensed deposits......Page 50
Simple omission surfaces, condensed sections and mega-condensed sections......Page 51
Sequence stratigraphic significance of glauconybearing horizons......Page 52
REFERENCES......Page 54
INTRODUCTION......Page 61
Climate controls related to subaerial diagenesis......Page 62
METHODS......Page 65
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS......Page 66
SEQUENCES......Page 69
Sequences classified using climate proxies......Page 70
Fine blocky and overgrowth calcite cement......Page 71
Fluid inclusions......Page 74
DISTRIBUTION OF FBO-CALCITE CEMENT......Page 75
Sequence-architectural controls on the distribution of FBO calcite......Page 76
Climate......Page 77
Sequence architecture......Page 79
Explanation for the small amount of FBO-calcite cement......Page 80
Meteoric versus mixing-zone cementation......Page 81
CONCLUSIONS......Page 82
REFERENCES......Page 83
INTRODUCTION......Page 86
Stratigraphic framework......Page 87
METHODS......Page 88
DEPOSITIONAL FACIES......Page 90
Non-ferroan pink-stained calcite......Page 92
Ferroan blue/purple-stained calcite......Page 93
Multiple-zoned calcite......Page 95
Silica fabrics......Page 96
Etched calcite cements......Page 97
Burial fabrics......Page 98
Regional cement chronostratigraphy......Page 99
Updip basin areas......Page 100
Downdip basin areas......Page 102
DISCUSSION......Page 103
Models for diagenetic fabric development......Page 104
CONCLUSIONS......Page 105
REFERENCES......Page 107
INTRODUCTION......Page 109
RECÔNCAVO BASIN\r......Page 110
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS......Page 111
Detrital composition and provenance implications......Page 115
DIAGENETIC PROCESSES AND CONSTITUENTS......Page 116
Paragenetic sequence......Page 124
Silica nodules and crusts......Page 125
Eodiagenetic calcite and dolomite......Page 126
Quartz and feldspars overgrowths and outgrowths......Page 127
Kaolinite and dickite......Page 128
Stratigraphic controls on diagenesis......Page 129
Geographic and depth controls on diagenesis......Page 131
CONCLUSIONS......Page 132
REFERENCES......Page 134
INTRODUCTION......Page 137
METHODOLOGY......Page 138
Description......Page 139
Interpretation......Page 140
Petrography......Page 142
Interpretation......Page 145
Petrography......Page 147
Interpretation......Page 149
CONCLUSIONS......Page 151
REFERENCES......Page 152
Diagenetic and epigenetic mineralization in Central Europe related to surfaces and depositional systems of sequence stratigraphic relevance......Page 154
Basin evolution and metallogenesis......Page 155
Unconformities and metallogenesis......Page 160
Near-shore oolitic marine ironstones related to LST, TS and MFZ......Page 162
Shale-hosted, Cu-dominated base metal deposits Kupferschiefer-type relatedto SB,TSTand MFZ......Page 169
Sandstone-hosted, Cu?dominated base metal deposits related to TST, MFZ and HST......Page 171
Sediment-hosted and vein-type F-Ba-U-bearing base metal deposits related to SB grading into LST and TS......Page 172
Carbonate-hosted Zn-dominated base-metal deposits related to HST and SB......Page 173
Sandstone-hosted Pb-dominated base metal deposits related to TST and HST grading into SB......Page 174
Strontianite-deposits, celestite-deposits and fluorite deposits related to HST grading into SB......Page 175
Unconformity-related sandstone-hosted uranium deposits related to SB, LST, TST and MFZ......Page 176
Manganese and phosphate deposits SB......Page 178
CONCLUSIONS......Page 179
REFERENCES......Page 180
INTRODUCTION......Page 186
GEOLOGICAL AND STRATIGRAPHIC SETTING......Page 187
Laboratory procedures......Page 189
Sequence stratigraphic development......Page 190
Stratal unit 2......Page 192
Spatial & stratigraphic distribution of concretions......Page 193
Concretion form and distribution analysis......Page 194
Detrital mineralogy......Page 197
Ferroan dolomite concretions......Page 198
Pore water composition......Page 200
Dolomite cement sources......Page 202
Mechanism for dolomite precipitation......Page 203
CONCLUSION......Page 205
REFERENCES......Page 206
INTRODUCTION......Page 210
Basin evolution......Page 211
Sequence architecture and depositional facies......Page 213
MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 215
Bulk rock compositions of YB......Page 217
Dolomite chemistry......Page 221
Isotope geochemistry of dolomite and calcite......Page 223
Origin of the YB: evidence for condensation......Page 226
Occurrence, timing and conditions of dolomite precipitation......Page 228
CONCLUSIONS......Page 229
REFERENCES......Page 230
INTRODUCTION......Page 233
Sherwood Sandstone Group SSG aquifer andhydrocarbon reservoir: East Midlands andSouth Yorkshire, UK......Page 234
Tectonic history of the area around Styrrup Quarry......Page 235
OUTCROP DATA......Page 236
Gamma-ray spectrometry GRS......Page 237
Laboratory techniques......Page 238
Description of the quarry-face......Page 239
Inter bed-set variability in primary depositional characteristics......Page 240
Detrital mineralogy......Page 241
Authigenic mineralogy......Page 244
Porosity......Page 246
Eodiagenesis near-surface pre-burial processes......Page 247
Telodiagenesis uplift and exposure related diagenesis......Page 248
Compaction processes and cementation in the SSG in Styrrup Quarry......Page 249
Geostatistical analysis......Page 250
The relationship between diagenesis, reservoirproperties and sequence stratigraphy......Page 254
REFERENCES......Page 255
Subaerial exposure, sequence stratigraphy and geochemistry......Page 258
This research......Page 259
STRATIGRAPHIC CONTEXT......Page 260
METHODS......Page 262
Test of a sequence boundary......Page 263
Test of a surface within a subtidal parasequence......Page 265
Sequence boundary between M1 and M2 sequences......Page 266
Variance of geochemical parameters......Page 267
CONCLUSIONS......Page 268
REFERENCES......Page 269
INTRODUCTION......Page 271
Waveand fluvial-dominated highstand, forced regressive and lowstand systems tract deltas......Page 272
Mixed-energy early transgressive systems tract TST estuary deposits......Page 276
SAMPLES AND METHODS......Page 277
Diagenetic alterations......Page 278
Carbonate cements......Page 279
Compaction and porosity......Page 282
DISCUSSION......Page 286
Origin and controls on distribution and geochemical evolution of carbonate cements......Page 287
Sequence stratigraphic porosity distribution in the sandstones......Page 292
SUMMARY MODEL OF THE DIAGENETIC EVOLUTION......Page 293
CONCLUSIONS......Page 294
REFERENCES......Page 295
INTRODUCTION......Page 297
GENERAL GEOLOGICAL SETTING, DEPOSITIONAL FACIES AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY......Page 298
SAMPLES AND METHODS......Page 300
Kaolin......Page 303
Illite......Page 305
Chlorite......Page 308
Carbonate cements......Page 310
Albite......Page 313
Porosity and permeability......Page 314
DISCUSSION......Page 316
Illite......Page 318
Quartz......Page 319
Kaolin......Page 323
Quartz......Page 324
Controls on porosity and permeability evolution in the sandstones......Page 325
SUMMARY MODEL OF THE DIAGENETIC AND RELATED RESERVOIR QUALITY EVOLUTION PATHWAYS......Page 327
CONCLUSIONS......Page 330
REFERENCES......Page 331
INTRODUCTION......Page 336
STRATIGRAPHY OF THE VIKING FORMATION IN THE STUDY AREA......Page 338
PETROGRAPHY......Page 341
CARBON AND OXYGEN ISOTOPES OF CARBONATE CEMENTS......Page 345
FLUID INCLUSIONS......Page 346
DISCUSSION......Page 348
REFERENCES......Page 350
INTRODUCTION......Page 352
GEOLOGICAL SETTING......Page 353
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS......Page 355
Highstand segment......Page 356
Transgressive segment......Page 358
Clay minerals......Page 360
16.8% and 6.7% Table 3; Fig. 10.......Page 363
Compaction and porosity......Page 364
DISCUSSION......Page 365
Origin of illitized kaolinite......Page 367
Distribution and conditions of carbonate cements......Page 370
Summary model for the distribution of diagenetic alterations within falling stage and lowstand systems tracts......Page 372
REFERENCES......Page 374
INTRODUCTION......Page 378
Methods......Page 379
LITHOFACIES......Page 383
STRATIGRAPHY......Page 385
Context for paragenesis......Page 387
Paragenesis......Page 389
Porosity evolution......Page 393
Original porosity and porosity afterintermediate stage......Page 394
Lithological control on cementationand compaction......Page 396
Stable isotopes......Page 397
Interpretation......Page 398
Fluid inclusion petrography......Page 399
Interpretation......Page 400
CONCLUSIONS......Page 401
REFERENCES......Page 402
INTRODUCTION......Page 405
HYPOTHESES......Page 407
Sa Bassa Blanca Cave......Page 408
Fluid inclusions......Page 410
RESULTS ? EXPRESSIONS OF DIAGENETIC SALINITY CYCLES......Page 411
Monte Camposauro, Italy......Page 422
Diagenetic salinity cycle I......Page 424
Diagenetic salinity cycle II......Page 425
Diagenetic salinity cycle III......Page 427
Diagenetic salinity cycle IV......Page 428
Diagenetic salinity cycle I......Page 429
Diagenetic salinity cycle V......Page 431
Hypothesis 1. Marine and mixing-zoneprecipitates of DSCs: the control of sea waterchemistry......Page 433
Hypothesis 3. Predicting sequence stratigraphy from DSCs Csoma et al., 2005\r......Page 436
Hypothesis 4. Preservation potential and diagenetic products in DSCs: palaeo-elevation versus sea-level history......Page 437
REFERENCES......Page 438
INTRODUCTION......Page 442
GEOLOGICAL AND TECTONIC SETTING......Page 444
SEDIMENTOLOGY AND STRATAL ARCHITECTURES......Page 446
Lithofacies......Page 451
Stratal stacking patterns......Page 452
TAPHONOMY AND CARBONATE DIAGENESIS......Page 455
Sequence-specific tapho-diagenesis......Page 456
Controls on carbonate production......Page 457
Carbonate factory development in the forearc ridge depositional system......Page 458
Carbonate factory development in the forearc shelf depositional system......Page 459
Tapho-diagenetic features in probably 6th-orderaccommodation cycles......Page 460
Tapho-diagenetic features in 4th-order sequences......Page 464
Transgressive carbonates Figs. 13B and 14A......Page 466
Regressive/lowstand carbonates Figs. 13A and Cand 14B......Page 468
CONCLUSIONS......Page 469
REFERENCES......Page 470
INTRODUCTION......Page 473
Geological setting, section locations and stratigraphy......Page 474
Field description and petrography......Page 480
Mineralogy and geochemistry......Page 484
INTERPRETATION......Page 487
Sequence stratigraphic significance......Page 489
CONCLUSIONS......Page 492
REFERENCES......Page 493
Index......Page 496