Lifespan Development

Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Part I Foundations of Lifespan Human Development
Chapter 1 Understanding Human Development: Approaches and Theories
	What Is Lifespan Human Development?
		Development Is Multidimensional
		Development Is Multidirectional
		Development Is Plastic
		Development Is Influenced by Multiple Contexts
			Sociohistorical Context
			Cultural Context
		Developmental Science Is Multidisciplinary
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Basic Issues in Lifespan Human Development
		Development Is Characterized by Continuous and Discontinuous Change
		Individuals Are Active in Development
		Nature and Nurture Influence Development
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
	Theoretical Perspectives on Human Development
		Psychoanalytic Theories
			Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
			Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
		Behaviorist and Social Learning Theories
			Classical Conditioning
			Operant Conditioning
			Social Learning Theory
		Cognitive Theories
			Piaget’s Cognitive–Developmental Theory
			Information Processing Theory
		Contextual Theories
			Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
			Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Systems Theory
			Dynamic Systems Theory
		Ethology and Evolutionary Developmental Theory
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Research in Human Development
		The Scientific Method
		Methods of Data Collection
			Observational Measures
			Self-Report Measures
			Physiological Measures
		Research Designs
			Case Study
			Correlational Research
			Experimental Research
		Developmental Research Designs
			Cross-Sectional Research Design
			Longitudinal Research Design
			Sequential Research Designs
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Research Ethics
		Principles of Research Ethics
		Ethical Issues in Studying Lifespan Human Development
			Informed Consent
			Confidentiality
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Applied Developmental Science and Intersectionality
		Applied Developmental Science
		Intersectionality and Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
Chapter 2 Biological and Environmental Foundations of Development
	Genetic Foundations of Development
		Genetics
			Cell Reproduction
			Sex Determination
			Genes Shared by Twins
		Patterns of Genetic Inheritance
			Dominant–Recessive Inheritance
			Incomplete Dominance
			Polygenic Inheritance
			Genomic Imprinting
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
	Chromosomal and Genetic Problems
		Genetic Disorders
			Dominant–Recessive Disorders
			X-Linked Disorders
		Chromosomal Abnormalities
		Mutation
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Reproductive Choices: Genetic Counseling Assisted Reproductive Technology
		Genetic Counseling
		Assisted Reproductive Technology
			Artificial Insemination
			In Vitro Fertilization
			Surrogacy
		Assisted Reproductive Technology and Sex Selection
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Reproductive Choices: Adoption
		Adoption and Child Outcomes
		Transracial Adoption
		International Adoption
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Prenatal Diagnosis
		Methods of Prenatal Diagnosis
		Prenatal Treatment of Genetic Disorders
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Heredity and Environment: Behavior Genetics
		Methods of Behavior Genetics
		Genetic Influences on Personal Characteristics
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Gene–Environment Interactions
		Range of Reaction
		Canalization
		Gene–Environment Correlations
		Gene–Environment (G x E) Interactions
		Epigenetic Framework
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
Chapter 3 The Prenatal Period, Birth, and the Newborn
	Prenatal Development
		Conception
		Germinal Period (0 to 2 Weeks)
		Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)
		Fetal Period (9 Weeks to Birth)
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Environmental Influences on Prenatal Development
		Principles of Teratology
			Critical Periods
			Dose
			Individual Differences
			Complicated Effects
		Types of Teratogens
			Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs
			Alcohol
			Cigarette Smoking and E-Cigarette Use
			Marijuana
			Cocaine
			Opioids
			Maternal Illness
			Environmental Hazards
		Contextual Factors and Teratogens
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Maternal and Paternal Characteristics and Prenatal Development
		Maternal Characteristics
			Nutrition
			Emotional Well-Being
			Maternal Age
		Paternal Characteristics
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Contextual and Cultural Influences on Prenatal Care
		Barriers to Prenatal Care
		Race, Ethnicity, and Prenatal Care
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Childbirth
		Labor
		Medication During Delivery
		Cesarean Delivery
		Natural Childbirth
		Home Birth
		Cultural Differences in Childbirth
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Low-Birthweight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies
		Contextual Risks for LBW
		Characteristics of LBW Infants
		Promoting Positive Outcomes of LBW Infants
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	The Newborn
		Medical and Behavioral Assessment of Newborns
		The Newborn’s Perceptual Capacities
		Newborn States of Arousal
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
	Lifespan Development at Work Part 1: Foundations of Lifespan Human Development
	Careers in Genetics and Prenatal Development
Chapter 4 Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
	Body Growth During Infancy and Toddlerhood
		Growth Trends
		Patterns of Growth
		Nutrition and Growth
			Breastfeeding
			Complementary Food
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Threats to Infant Health
		Infant Mortality
		Malnutrition
		Growth Faltering
		Failure to Vaccinate
		Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Brain Development During Infancy and Toddlerhood
		The Neuron
		Processes of Neural Development
		The Cerebral Cortex
		Experience and Brain Development
		Sleep and Brain Development
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
	Early Learning Capacities
		Habituation
		Classical Conditioning
		Operant Conditioning
		Imitation
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Sensation and Perception During Infancy and Toddlerhood
		Methods for Studying Infant Perception
		Vision
			Face Perception
			Object Exploration
			Color Vision
			Depth Perception
		Hearing
		Touch
		Smell and Taste
		Intermodal Perception
		Infant–Context Interactions and Perceptual Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
	Motor Development During Infancy and Toddlerhood
		Gross Motor Development
		Fine Motor Development
		Biological and Contextual Determinants of Motor Development
			Biological Influences on Motor Development
			Contextual Influences on Motor Development
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
Chapter 5 Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
	Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory: Sensorimotor Reasoning
		Processes of Development
		Sensorimotor Substages
			Substage 1: Reflexes (Birth to 1 Month)
			Substage 2: Primary Circular Reactions (1 to 4 Months)
			Substage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions (4 to 8 Months)
			Substage 4: Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions (8 to 12 Months)
			Substage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions (12 to 18 Months)
			Substage 6: Mental Representation (18 to 24 Months)
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Evaluating Sensorimotor Reasoning
		Methods for Studying Object Permanence
			Violation-of-Expectation Tasks
			A-Not-B Tasks
			Deferred Imitation Tasks
		Core Knowledge Theory
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Information Processing Theory
		Information Processing System
		Attention
		Memory
			Working Memory
			Long-Term Memory
		Infants’ Thinking
		Culture and Cognitive Development
			New Contexts for Learning: Screens and Digital Media
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Individual Differences in Cognitive Abilities
		Testing Infant Intelligence
		Information Processing as Intelligence
		Child Care and Cognitive Development
		Poverty and Cognitive Development
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Language Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
		Early Preferences for Speech Sounds
		Prelinguistic Communication
		Putting Words Together
			First Words
			Learning Words: Semantic Growth
			Two-Word Utterances
		Infant Gesture and Sign Language
		Language Development in Bilingual Infants
		Language Development in Deaf Infants
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Influences on Language Development: Interactionist Perspective
		Nativism
		Evolution and Brain Development
		Social Learning
		Infant-Directed Speech
		Cultural Differences in Infant-Directed Speech
		Parental Responsiveness
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
Chapter 6 Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
	Psychosocial Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
		Trust Versus Mistrust
		Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Emotional Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
		Infants’ Emotional Experience
			Basic Emotions
			Self-Conscious Emotions
		Emotion Regulation
		Social Interaction and Emotional Development
			Sensitive Caregiving
			Parent–Infant Interaction
			Social Referencing
			Exposure to Early Life Stress
		Cultural Influences on Emotional Development
			Caregiver Responsiveness
			Emotional Socialization
			Stranger Wariness
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Temperament in Infancy and Toddlerhood
		Styles of Temperament
		Context and Goodness of Fit
		Cultural Differences in Temperament
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Attachment in Infancy and Toddlerhood
		Bowlby’s Ethological Theory of Attachment
			Infants’ Signals and Adults’ Responses
			Phases of Attachment
			Secure Base, Separation Anxiety, and Internal Working Models
		Ainsworth’s Strange Situation
		Influences on Attachment
			Maternal Depression and Attachment
			Father–Infant Attachment
		Stability of Attachment
		Cultural Variations in Attachment Classifications
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	The Self in Infancy and Toddlerhood
		Self-Awareness
		Self-Recognition
		Emerging Self-Concept
		Self-Control
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
	Lifespan Development at Work Part 2: Infancy and Toddlerhood
Part III Early Childhood
Chapter 7 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
	Growth and Motor Development in Early Childhood
		Body Growth
		Motor Development
			Gross Motor Skills
			Fine Motor Skills
		Brain Development
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
	Health and Threats to Health in Early Childhood
		Nutrition and Eating Habits
		Physical Activity
		Sleep
		Screen Use
		Illness and Toxins
		Unintentional Injuries
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Cognitive-Developmental and Sociocultural Reasoning in Early Childhood
		Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Perspective: Preoperational Reasoning
			Characteristics of Preoperational Reasoning
			Evaluating Preoperational Reasoning
		Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Perspective
			Guided Participation and Scaffolding
			Zone of Proximal Development
			Private Speech
			Evaluating Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Perspective
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Information Processing in Early Childhood
		Attention
		Working Memory and Executive Function
		Memory
			Memory Strategies
			Autobiographical Memory
			Memory Suggestibility
		Theory of Mind
			False Belief
			Context, Culture, and Theory of Mind
			Metacognition
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Young Children’s Language Development
		Vocabulary
		Grammar
		Bilingual Language Learning
		Context and Language Development
			Socioeconomic Status and Language Development
			Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Language Development
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Early Childhood Education
		Child-Centered and Academically Centered Preschool Programs
		Early Childhood Education Interventions
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
Chapter 8 Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
	Emerging Sense of Self
		Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood
		Self-Concept
		Self-Esteem
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Emotional Development in Early Childhood
		Emotional Understanding
		Emotion Regulation
		Empathy
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Moral Development and Behavior in Early Childhood
		Theories of Moral Reasoning and Behavior
			Social Learning Theory
			Cognitive-Developmental Theory
			Children’s Conceptions of Moral, Social, and Personal Issues
		Prosocial Behavior
			Influences on Prosocial Behavior
		Aggressive Behavior
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Families in Early Childhood
		Parenting Styles
			Authoritarian Parenting Style
			Permissive Parenting Style
			Uninvolved Parenting Style
			Authoritative Parenting Style
		Discipline
			Physical Punishment
			Inductive Discipline
		Culture, Context, and Parenting
		Child Maltreatment
			Effects of Child Maltreatment
			Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Gender Stereotypes, Gender Differences, and Gender Typing
		Sex Differences
		Gender Stereotypes and Gender Typing
		Biological Influences on Gender Typing
		Cognitive Influences on Gender Role Typing
			Gender Identity and Gender Constancy
			Gender Schema
		Contextual Influences on Gender Role Typing
			Parents
			Peers
			Media
		Transgender Identity
		Reducing Gender Stereotyping
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Play and Peer Relationships in Early Childhood
		Play and Development
			Cognitive and Emotional Development
			Social Development and Early Friendships
		Sociodramatic Play
		Rough-and-Tumble Play
		Imaginary Companions
		Culture and Play
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
	Lifespan Development at Work Part 3: Early Childhood
Chapter 9 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
	Physical and Motor Development in Middle Childhood
		Body Growth
		Brain Development
		Adrenarche
		Motor Development
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
	Health in Middle Childhood
		Physical Activity in Middle Childhood
		Childhood Injuries and Mortality
		Childhood Obesity
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Developmental Disabilities in Middle Childhood
		Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
		Autism Spectrum Disorders
		Specific Learning Disorder
		Context and Disability: Race and Socioeconomic Status
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
		Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory: Concrete Operational Reasoning
			Classification
			Conservation
			Culture and Concrete Operational Reasoning
			Implications of Cognitive-Developmental Theory for Education
		Information Processing and Cognition
			Working Memory and Executive Function
			Metacognition and Metamemory
			Memory Strategies
			Context and Cognition
			Implications of Information Processing for Education
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Intelligence in Middle Childhood
		Intelligence Tests
		Individual and Group Differences in IQ
		Contextual Influences on IQ
			SES and IQ
			Sociohistorical Context and IQ
			IQ and the Majority Culture
			Stereotypes and IQ
		Alternative Views of Intelligence
			Multiple Intelligences
			Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Language Development in Middle Childhood
		Vocabulary
		Grammar
		Pragmatics
		Bilingual Language Learning
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Learning and Schooling in Middle Childhood
		Approaches to Education
		Reading and Mathematics Instruction
		Access to Digital Technology and Learning
		Educating Children With Special Needs
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
Chapter 10 Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
	Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood
		Self-Concept
		Self-Esteem
		Body Image
		Achievement Motivation
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
	Moral Development in Middle Childhood
		Reasoning About Rules: Piaget’s Theory
		Conceptions of Justice: Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning
			Preconventional Reasoning
		Distributive Justice: Reasoning About Sharing
		Conceptions of Moral, Social, and Personal Issues
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Gender Differences and Gender Typing
		Boys and Girls: Similarities and Differences
		Gender Stereotypes and Gender Beliefs
		Gender Constancy and Gender Typing
		Gender Identity
			Perceived Same-Gender Typicality and Perceived Other-Gender Typicality
			Gender Contentedness
			Perceived Pressure to Conform to Gender Roles
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Peer Relationships in Middle Childhood
		Friendship
		Peer Acceptance, Popularity, and Rejection
			Popularity
			Peer Rejection
		Bullying
			Children Who Bully
			Victims of Bullying
			Contextual Approaches to Bullying Intervention
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Families in Middle Childhood
		Parent–Child Relationships
		Siblings
		Only Children
		Same-Sex Parented Families
		Single-Parent Families
		Cohabiting Families
		Divorced and Divorcing Families
		Blended Families
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Risk and Resilience in Middle Childhood
		Parental Incarceration
		Parental Deployment
		Exposure to Community Violence
		Child Sexual Abuse
		Resilience in Middle Childhood
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
	Lifespan Development at Work Part 4: Middle Childhood
Part V Adolescence
Chapter 11 Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
	Puberty
		Changes in Body Shape and Size
		Emergence of Secondary Sex Characteristics
		Maturation of Primary Sex Characteristics
			Menarche
			Spermarche
		Pubertal Timing and Adolescent Development
			Early Maturation
			Late Maturation
			Context and the Effects of Pubertal Timing
		Biological and Contextual Influences on Pubertal Timing
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Health in Adolescence
		Nutrition
		Physical Activity and Exercise
		Sleep
		Adolescent Mortality
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Brain Development in Adolescence
		Changes in Brain Volume and Structure
		Changes in Brain Structure and Function
		Experience and the Adolescent Brain
			Stress
			Substance Use
		Brain Development and Behavior
			Socioemotional Perception
			Reward Perception
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Cognitive Development in Adolescence
		Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory: Formal Operational Reasoning
			Formal Operational Reasoning
			Evaluating Formal Operational Reasoning
		Information Processing
			Attention
			Working Memory and Executive Function
			Processing Speed
			Metacognition
		Social Cognition
			Perspective Taking
			Adolescent Egocentrism
			Decision-Making
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	School Context in Adolescence
		Shifting Contexts
		Stage–Environment Fit
		Contextual Influences on Academic Achievement
			Teachers
			Parents
			Peers
		School Dropout
		Adolescent Employment
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
Chapter 12 Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
	Psychosocial Development: The Changing Self
		Self-Concept
		Self-Esteem
		Identity
			Identity Statuses
			Influences on Identity Development
			Outcomes Associated with Identity Development
		Ethnic–Racial Identity
		Gender Intensification and Transgender Identity
		Spirituality and Religiosity
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Moral and Civic Development in Adolescence
		Moral Reasoning
			Changes in Moral Reasoning
			Influences on Moral Reasoning
			Gender and Moral Reasoning
			Culture and Moral Reasoning
			Moral Reasoning and Behavior
		Civic Development
			Civic Engagement
			Critical Consciousness
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Adolescents and Their Parents
		Parent–Adolescent Conflict
		Parenting and Adjustment
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Adolescents and Their Peers
		Friendships
		Cliques and Crowds
		Peer Conformity
		Peers, Social Media, and Cyberbullying
		Dating
			Developmental Shifts in Dating
			Dating and Psychosocial Adjustment
		Dating Violence
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Adolescent Sexuality
		Sexual Activity
		Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents
		Sexting
		Contraceptive Use
		Sexually Transmitted Infections
		Adolescent Pregnancy
		Sexuality Education
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Problems in Adolescence
		Depression and Suicide
		Eating Disorders
			Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
			Binge Eating Disorder
		Alcohol and Substance Use
		Delinquency
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
	Lifespan Development at Work Part 5: Adolescence
Part VI Emerging and Early Adulthood
Chapter 13 Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Early Adulthood
	Physical Development in Emerging and Early Adulthood
		Theories of Aging: What Causes Aging?
		Physical Changes
		Fertility and Reproductive Capacity
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Health and Fitness During Emerging and Early Adulthood
		Overweight and Obesity
		Physical Activity
		Substance Abuse
			Alcohol
			Marijuana
			Tobacco
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Cognitive Development in Emerging and Early Adulthood
		fPostformal Reasoning
		Pragmatic Thought and Cognitive-Affective Complexity
		Evaluating Cognitive-Developmental Approaches to Adult Development
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Education in Emerging and Early Adulthood
		Developmental Impact of Attending College
		First-Generation College Students
		Nontraditional College Students
		Students With Developmental Disabilities
		Not Attending College
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Career Development in Emerging and Early Adulthood
		Occupational Stages
		Influences on Vocational Choice
		Transition to Work
		Intersectionality and the Workplace
		Work–Life Balance
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
Chapter 14 Socioemotional Development in Emerging and Early Adulthood
	Emerging Adulthood
		Characteristics of Emerging Adulthood
			Demographic Instability
			Subjective Sense of Feeling In-Between
			Identity Exploration, Self-Focus, and Optimism
		Contextual Nature of Emerging Adulthood
		Emerging Adulthood and Culture
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Psychosocial Development
		Identity Versus Role Confusion
			Moral Identity
			Religious Identity
			Political Identity
			Gender Identity and Sexual Identity
			Ethnic–Racial Identity
		Intimacy Versus Isolation
		Attachment
		The Social Clock
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Sexual Activity
		Sexual Activity
		Casual Sex
		Sexual Coercion and Assault
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Relationships and Psychosocial Development
		Friendship
		Romantic Relationships
			Mate Selection
			Technology and Mate Selection
			Components of Love
		Intimate Partner Violence
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Romantic Partnerships and Lifestyles
		Singlehood
		Cohabitation
		Marriage
		Same-Sex Marriage
		Divorce
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Parenthood
		Becoming a Parent
		Nonmarital Childbearing
		Same-Sex Parents
		Stepparents
		Childlessness
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
	Lifespan Development at Work Part 6: Early Adulthood
Chapter 15 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood
	Physical Development in Middle Adulthood
		Sensory Aging
			Vision
			Hearing
		Skin
		Body Composition
		Reproductive Aging
			Reproductive Changes in Women
			Reproductive Changes in Men
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
	Health
		Mortality
		Common Illnesses
			Cancer
			Cardiovascular Disease
			Diabetes
		Stress and Health
			Stress
			Stress Reactivity
			Hardiness and Stress
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
	Intellectual Abilities
		Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence
		Intellectual Abilities Over the Adult Years
		Cohort Effects in Intelligence
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood
		Attention
		Memory
		Processing Speed
		Expertise
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Careers in Middle Adulthood
		Job Satisfaction
		Age Discrimination
		Planning for Retirement
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
Chapter 16 Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood
	Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood
		Is Midlife Characterized by Crisis?
		Generativity Versus Stagnation
		Seasons of Life
		Search for Meaning
		Sexuality
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	The Self
		Self-Concept and Self-Esteem
		Subjective Age
		Perceived Control
		Gender Identity
		Life Satisfaction and Well-Being
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Personality
		Personality Stability and Change
		Individual Differences in Stability and Change
		Influences on Personality
		Personality and Adjustment
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Friendships and Romantic Relationships
		Friendships
		Marriage
		Divorce
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Intergenerational Relationships
		Parent–Child Relationships
			Parents to Infants and Young Children
			Parents to Adolescents
			Parents to Adult Children
		Grandparenthood
			Grandparent–Grandchild Relationships and Adjustment
			Grandparents Raising Grandchildren
		Relationships With Aging Parents
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
	Lifespan Development at Work Part 7: Middle Adulthood
Chapter 17 Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood
	Physical Development
		Appearance
		The Senses
			Vision
			Hearing
			Smell and Taste
		Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Immune Systems
		Motor Aging
		The Aging Brain
			Neural Compensation
			Promoting Brain Health
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Atypical Brain Development: Dementia
		Alzheimer’s Disease
			Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
			Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease
			Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease
		Vascular Dementia
		Parkinson’s Disease
		Lewy Body Dementia
		Race, Ethnicity, and Dementia
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Health
		Ages of Adulthood
		Nutrition
		Exercise
		Chronic Illness
			Arthritis
			Osteoporosis
		Injuries
			Motor Vehicle Accidents
			Falls
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Cognitive Development
		Attention
		Working Memory
			Context, Task Demands, and Memory Performance
			Emotion and Working Memory
			Long-Term Memory
		Language
		Problem-Solving and Wisdom
		Influences on Cognitive Change in Adulthood
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
Chapter 18 Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood
	Psychosocial Development
		Self-Concept and Self-Esteem
		Subjective Age
		Reminiscence and Life Review
		Ego Integrity
		Personality
		Sexuality
		Religiosity
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Relationships
		Friendships
		Sibling Relationships
		Marriage, Divorce, and Cohabitation
			Marriage
			Divorce and Remarriage
			Cohabitation
		Relationships With Adult Children and Grandchildren
		Elder Maltreatment
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Social Contexts
		Changing Social World
			Disengagement, Activity, and Continuity Theories
			Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
		Neighborhoods
		Aging in Place
		Residential Communities
		Nursing Homes
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Retirement
		Deciding to Retire
		Transition to Retirement and Adjustment
		Influences on Retirement Adjustment
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
	Part 8 Lifespan Development at Work: Late Adulthood
Chapter 19 Death and Dying
	Patterns of Mortality and Defining Death
		Mortality and Life Expectancy
		Leading Causes of Death
		Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
	Death and End-of-Life Issues
		Defining Death
		Advance Directives
		Euthanasia
		Physician-Assisted Suicide
		Hospice
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Conceptions of Death Across the Lifespan
		Cultural Rituals and Views of Death
		Children’s Understanding of Death
		Adolescents’ Understanding of Death
		Adults’ Understanding of Death
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Dying and the Experience of Death
		The Dying Process
		Emotional Reactions to Dying
		The Experience of One’s Death
			The Dying Child
			The Dying Adolescent
			The Dying Adult
		Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
	Bereavement and Grief
		Grief Process
		Models of Grieving
		Contextual Influences on the Grief Process
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
		Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
	Adjusting to the Death of a Loved One
		Losing a Spouse
		Losing a Child
		Losing a Parent
		Bereavement in Childhood and Adolescence
			Bereavement in Childhood
			Bereavement in Adolescence
		Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
	Apply Your Knowledge
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms
	Part 9: Lifespan Development at Work: Death
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index