Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment for Decision-Making: Methodologies and Case Studies

Front matter
Copyright
Contributors
Introduction. Life cycle thinking
	From the environmental concerns to a life cycle perspective
	History of LCT
	LCT and sustainability
	Tools and actions in LCT
		Life cycle assessment
		Life cycle costing, social life cycle assessment, and life cycle sustainability assessment
		Partial LCAs: Carbon footprint and water footprint
		Ecolabeling
		Life cycle initiative
		Integrated product policy
		European Platform on LCA
	Emerging trends in LCT
	References
Sustainability, sustainable development, and business sustainability
	Sustainability and sustainable development: Main concepts and approaches
		The Brundtland definition
		Main approaches to sustainable development
	Sustainability in the global public agenda
	Business sustainability
		Evolution of the concept
		Many approaches to business sustainability
			Triple bottom line
			Corporate social Responsibility
			Eco-efficiency
			True business sustainability
	References
	Further reading
Life cycle thinking tools: Life cycle assessment, life cycle costing and social life cycle assessment
	Life cycle assessment methodology
		Goal and scope definition
		Life cycle inventory (LCI)
		Life cycle impact assessment
		Life cycle interpretation
	Life cycle costing methodology
		Goal and scope definition
		Inventory
		Calculation of LCC results
		Interpretation
	Social life cycle assessment methodology
		Definition of goal and scope
		Social life cycle inventory analysis
		Social life cycle impact assessment
		Social life cycle interpretation
	References
Life cycle sustainability assessment: An ongoing journey
	Introduction
	Early years: From concept to scheme
	Pathway to standardization: The role of LCI/SETAC/UNEP in framework definition
		Standard in life cycle perspective following LCA and LCCA
			Glossary
			Interfaces for data exchange
			Basic methodological structure
			Functional unit and system boundaries
			Quali-quantitative inventory data
			Impact categories
			Indicators
			Interpretation and evaluation of results
		The life cycle initiative as a tool for LCSA application
		Organization life cycle assessment (OLCA) promoting LCSA
		Eco-efficiency and environmental product declaration (EPD) as a standardization tool for companies
	LCSA development in two decades of practice: A case study anthology
		Demolition processes for end-of-life building
		Reuse of waste electrical and electronic equipment components
		Transportation fuels
		Reinforced concrete buildings in seismic regions
		Dimethyl sulfoxide solvent recovery from hazardous wastewater
		Fly ash substitutions for cement in concrete structures
		Electricity generation systems
			Electricity generations options in the United Kingdom
			Grid-connected photovoltaic systems in Northeast England
			Electricity generation systems in Greece
			Electricity generation systems in Portugal
	Outlook: Perspective and opportunities
		Integration and harmonization
		Implementation of a multimethod approach
		Broadening of impacts and scope
		Final remarks
	References
	Further reading
Development and applicability of life cycle impact assessment methodologies
	Introduction
	The environmental assessment-LCA
		Technical framework
			Goal and scope definition
			Inventory analysis
			Impact assessment
			Interpretation
		Research progress
		Application situation
			Used in industry and enterprise sectors
			Used in government administration and international organizations
		Limitation
			Objective problems
			Limitations of information and data
			Time and geographical constraints
	The economic assessment-LCC
		Classification
			Content dependence
			Time dependence
			Cost dependence
		Analyze content
			Cost breakdown
			Cost estimate
			Cost conversion
			Sensitivity analysis
			Trade-off analysis
		Estimating method
			Parameter estimating method
			Analogy estimating method
			Engineering estimating method
	The social assessment-S-LCA
		Research status
			Guidance document
			Theoretical research
			Case study
			Deficiency and prospect
		Social impact and social impact assessment
			Social impact
			Social impact assessment
			Social life cycle assessment
		Technical framework
			Goal and scope definition
			Impact assessment
			Inventory analysis
			Interpretation
		The similarities and differences between S-LCA and LCA
	The sustainability assessment-LCSA
		Theory and practice
		The existing problems
	Conclusion
	References
Life cycle thinking for sustainable development in the building industry
	Introduction
	Life cycle of building materials
	Green building materials
		Life cycle assessment of building materials
			Methodology
			Results
		Application of green building materials
	Recycling of construction and demolition waste
	References
MCDM for sustainability ranking of district heating systems considering uncertainties
	Introduction
	Methods
		The SMAA-2 model
		The SMAA-O model
		Feasible weight space
		Handling the uncertainties
	Results and discussion
		The case of seven DH systems in a city of north China
		Results of stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis
		Discussion
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Framework of life cycle sustainability assessment
	Introduction
	Framework of LCSA
		Goal and scope definition
		Life cycle inventory
		Life cycle impact assessment
		Interpretation
		Life cycle costing and social life cycle assessment
	Recent studies of LCSA
	Conclusions
	References
Life cycle decision support framework: Method and case study
	Introduction
	Literature reviews
		Criteria system determination
		Decision making matrix determination
		Criteria weighting
		Aggregation
	Methodology
		Step 1. Determine the criteria system
		Step 2. Determine the decision-making matrix
		Step 3. Determine the criteria weights based on opinions of different decision makers by group ZBWM
		Step 4. Rank the alternatives by the goal programming method
	Case study
	Conclusions
	References
Advancing life cycle sustainability assessment using multiple criteria decision making
	Introduction
	MCDM methods overview
	Generic structure of MADM methods
		Transformation of attributes
		Normalization of attributes
		Weighting attributes
		Ranking of alternatives
	Application of MADM in LCSA
		Construction
		Transport
		Water
		Energy
		Consumption and production
	Challenges in the application of MADM for LCSA
		Choice of MADM method
		Rank reversal in MADM
		Dominating alternatives
		Consistency of inputs on indicators
		Weighting of the indicators
		Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis
		Interpretation of the results
	Proposed framework for MADM based LCSA
	Conclusions
	References
A composite life cycle sustainability index for sustainability prioritization of industrial systems
	Introduction
	Life cycle environmental indicators
		Introduction of the environmental-life cycle assessment
		Environmental indicators from E-LCA
		Environmental indicators from the footprint assessment
		Other typical environmental indicators
	Life cycle economic indicators
		Introduction of life cycle costing
		Economic indicator from the LCC
		Economic indicators from other economic assessment tools
		Other typical economic indicators
	Life cycle social indicators
		Introduction of the social life cycle assessment
		Social Indicators from the UNEP S-LCA guidelines
		Other typical social indicators
	A composite life cycle sustainability index
		Development of a composite life cycle sustainability index
		Case study of the composite life cycle sustainability index
		Sensitivity analysis of the composite life cycle sustainability index
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Life cycle sustainability assessment and decision-making under uncertainties
	Introduction
	The decision-making under uncertainties
		What is uncertainty?
		Decision-making under uncertainties
	LCSA and decision-making under uncertainties
		Uncertainties inherent to LCSA
		The integration of LCSA and MCDA
			A brief presentation of MCDA methods
			Main MCDA methods applied in LCSA studies
			Examples of MCDA integrated with LCSA under uncertainties
				LCSA integrated with ELECTRE III
				A brief description of ELECTRE III
				The case study presentation
				LCSA integrated with non-classical approaches
	Final remarks
	References
	Further reading
Multi-criteria decision-making after life cycle sustainability assessment under hybrid information
	Introduction
	Decision-making under multi-type data condition
		Preliminary of interval numbers and intuitionistic fuzzy numbers
		Multi-criteria decision analysis under multi-data condition
	Case study
	Sensitivity analysis
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgment
	References
Life cycle sustainability decision-making framework for the prioritization of electrochemical energy storage unde
	Introduction
	Criteria system for life cycle sustainability decision-making of the prioritization of electrochemical energy storage
	Methods
		Life cycle sustainability assessment framework
		Criteria weights determination using Bayesian BWM
			The basic theory and step of BWM
			The basic theory BBWM
		Fuzzy TOPSIS method for sustainability ranking of different electrochemical energy storage technologies from the  ...
	Empirical analysis
		Criteria weights calculation
		Life cycle sustainability ranking for electrochemical energy storage technologies
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Barriers identification and prioritization for sustainability enhancement: Promoting the sustainable developm ...
	Introduction
	Barriers to sustainable desalination industry in China
	Methods
		Basics of triangular fuzzy numbers
		The improved DEMATEL method
	Results and discussion
	Policy implications
	Conclusions
	Appendix: The relative influences of the influential factors on each factor
	References
Integrated data envelopment analysis, weighting method and life cycle thinking: A quantitative framework for  ...
	Introduction
	Methods
		Intuitionistic fuzzy AHP
		Data envelopment analysis
	Case study
	Input indicators
	Output indicators
	Results and discussion
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
Index