Lense Design

APP-E.pdf......Page 0
Foreword......Page 13
Series Editor’s foreword......Page 15
Preface......Page 19
Acknowledgements......Page 22
 Donald C Dilworth......Page 23
Chapter 1 Preliminaries......Page 24
1.1.1 The lens design landscape......Page 26
1.1.3 Global optimization......Page 28
1.1.4 Chaos in lens design......Page 29
1.2 How to use this book......Page 30
2.1 Paraxial optics......Page 31
2.2 Lagrange invariant, thin-lens equation......Page 36
2.3 Pupils......Page 37
Chapter 3 Aberrations......Page 40
3.1 Ray-fan curves......Page 41
3.2 Abbe sine condition......Page 47
3.3 Higher-order aberrations......Page 49
3.4 Spot diagrams......Page 51
3.5 Wavefronts and aberrations: the OPD......Page 53
3.5.1 Image analysis......Page 55
3.6 Chromatic aberration......Page 61
3.6.1 Cemented doublets......Page 64
3.6.2 Secondary color......Page 65
4.1 Using the software......Page 68
4.1.2 Ray aiming......Page 70
4.1.3 Paraxial solves......Page 71
4.1.4 The WorkSheet......Page 72
4.2 The process of lens design......Page 73
5.1 Entering data for the singlet......Page 79
Chapter 6 Achromatizing the lens......Page 83
Chapter 7 PSD optimization......Page 90
8.1 The Newtonian telescope......Page 95
8.2 The Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope......Page 101
8.3 The relay telescope......Page 109
8.4 How good is good enough?......Page 111
Chapter 9 Improving a lens designed using a different lens design program......Page 113
Chapter 10 Third-order aberrations......Page 119
10.1 Tolerance desensitization......Page 122
Chapter 11 The in and out of vignetting......Page 127
Chapter 12 The apochromat......Page 137
Chapter 13 Tolerancing the apochromatic objective......Page 145
13.1 Fabrication adjustment......Page 151
13.2 Transferring tolerances to element drawings......Page 156
14.1 Design approach......Page 157
Chapter 15 A laser beam shaper, all spherical......Page 165
Chapter 16 A laser beam shaper, with aspherics......Page 178
Chapter 17 A laser beam expander with kinoform lenses......Page 186
Chapter 18 A more challenging optimization challenge......Page 192
18.1 Glass absorption......Page 196
Chapter 19 Real-world development of a lens......Page 199
Chapter 20 A practical camera lens......Page 209
20.1 Reusing dialog commands......Page 222
Chapter 21 An automatic real-world lens......Page 223
Chapter 22 What is a good pupil?......Page 228
22.1 Which way is up?......Page 233
Chapter 23 Using DOEs in modern lens design......Page 237
Chapter 24 Designing aspheres for manufacturing......Page 248
24.1 Adding unusual requirements to the merit function with CLINK......Page 251
24.2 Defining an aberration with COMPOSITE......Page 255
Chapter 25 Designing an athermal lens......Page 257
Chapter 26 Using the SYNOPSYS glass model......Page 262
Chapter 27 Chaos in lens optimization......Page 269
Chapter 28 Tolerance example with clocking of element wedge errors and AI analysis of an image error......Page 275
Chapter 29 Tips and tricks of a power user......Page 284
Chapter 30 FLIR design, the narcissus effect......Page 292
30.1 Narcissus correction......Page 295
Chapter 31 Understanding artificial intelligence......Page 303
31.2 MACro loops......Page 307
Chapter 32 The Annotation Editor......Page 314
33.1 Gaussian beams in SYNOPSYS......Page 323
33.2 Complications......Page 325
33.4 Effect on image......Page 327
Chapter 34 The superachromat......Page 329
Chapter 35 Wide-band superachromat microscope objective......Page 341
35.1 Vector diffraction, polarization......Page 349
Chapter 36 Ghost hunting......Page 357
Chapter 37 Importing a Zemax11Zemax™ is a trademark of Focus Software. file into SYNOPSYS......Page 367
Chapter 38 Improving a Petzval lens......Page 376
Chapter 39 Athermalizing an infrared lens......Page 384
Chapter 40 Edges......Page 390
40.1 A mirror example......Page 394
Chapter 41 A 90 degree eyepiece with field stop correction......Page 402
Chapter 42 A zoom lens from scratch......Page 413
Chapter 43 Designing a free-form mirror system......Page 431
Chapter 44 An aspheric camera lens from scratch......Page 444
44.1 Encore......Page 449
44.2 Coda......Page 454
44.3 Tolerancing the aspheric lenses......Page 457
Chapter 45 Designing a very wide-angle lens......Page 460
Chapter 46 A complex interferometer......Page 468
Chapter 47 A four-element astronomical telescope......Page 475
Chapter 48 A sophisticated merit function......Page 479
49.1 The ‘final exam’ problem......Page 484
49.2 The solution......Page 486
50.1 Testplate matching......Page 497
50.2 Automatic thin-film design......Page 498
50.3 Automatic clocking of wedge errors......Page 501
Chapter......Page 506
B.1 Mathematical methods of lens optimization......Page 508
B.2 The DLS method and descendants......Page 509
B.3 The PSD methods......Page 510
B.4 Global search algorithms......Page 512
B.5 Why are DSEARCH and ZSEARCH so powerful?......Page 514
B.6 Adding and deleting lens elements automatically......Page 515
B.7 What about traditional methods?......Page 516
Chapter......Page 517
Chapter......Page 520
Chapter......Page 524