Legitimating the European Union: Aspirations, Inputs and Performance

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 8
List of Tables and Figures......Page 12
Acknowledgements......Page 13
List of Abbreviations......Page 14
Introduction......Page 16
1 Legitimacy and Legitimation in the Old Europe......Page 24
Defining legitimacy......Page 25
Components of legitimacy......Page 27
The legitimacy spectrum......Page 28
The history of legitimacy in Europe......Page 29
The descending thesis of legitimate power......Page 30
The ascending thesis of legitimate power......Page 34
The liberal democratic thesis of legitimate power......Page 39
Towards a thesis of legitimate power for the twenty-first century......Page 44
Introduction......Page 48
The cunning plan......Page 50
Development by Treaty: Paris and Rome......Page 52
Generating the Community......Page 56
State-Centric Europe......Page 57
Towards a Multi-level EU......Page 60
Planning for the future......Page 61
A multi-level polity?......Page 63
A Treaty too far?......Page 64
Treaties even further......Page 67
EU legitimacy, parliaments and people......Page 71
Conclusion......Page 72
Enacting the principles of liberal democracy: the impact of the election in the nation state......Page 74
Voters and democracy......Page 75
Voters and electoral choice......Page 76
EU voters and democracy......Page 77
EU voters and representation......Page 79
Why vote in the EP elections?......Page 81
Liberal representative democracy and legitimating the national state: the issue of consent......Page 83
Cives populi sumus......Page 84
Liberal representative democracy and legitimating the EU: the issue of consent......Page 85
Popular contentment and the EU......Page 86
Cives Europae sumus......Page 87
The EU as the ‘least worst’ option......Page 90
Liberally legitimating the EU? On the road to accountability and transparency......Page 93
Representatively legitimating the EU: the Commission’s White Paper on Governance......Page 94
Democratically legitimating the EU: the Constitution for Europe......Page 97
Conclusion: liberal representative democracy and the ‘four Europes’......Page 100
Categorising participation......Page 102
Tensions involved in participatory ends......Page 106
The EU and group participation......Page 107
The consultative committees......Page 108
Groups as advisors and experts......Page 110
Lobbying in the EU......Page 111
Interactive participation in the EU......Page 113
Popular participation and the EU: the referendum......Page 119
Creating a civil society? The Commission’s White Paper on Governance......Page 122
The people in the Union: the Constitutional Treaty......Page 124
Conclusion: participatory democracy and the ‘four Europes’......Page 126
Introduction......Page 129
Problems for performance-related legitimacy in the EU......Page 130
Political, economic and social benefits......Page 131
What do citizens want?......Page 132
The 1980s enlargements......Page 133
The 2004 enlargement......Page 135
Turkey......Page 137
A charter of rights?......Page 138
EU minority ethnic groups......Page 140
Peace and security within the EU......Page 141
Economic prosperity and the EU......Page 145
The EU’s financial instruments......Page 146
The Accession States......Page 147
‘Social Europe’......Page 150
Enlargement and the EU-15......Page 153
Enlargement and the newest entrants......Page 154
Enlargement and legitimacy......Page 155
Conclusion: a citizens’ EU and the ‘four Europes’......Page 156
Introduction......Page 158
Trade......Page 159
Aid and trade......Page 161
Development and trade......Page 162
Developing the Third World......Page 163
The EU in and around Europe: Economic and political development......Page 164
European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)......Page 165
The EU and state-building in the wider Europe......Page 167
The Cyprus Problem......Page 168
The evolution of high politics......Page 171
High politics and state sovereignty......Page 173
Arms inspectors in Iraq......Page 174
The invasion of Afghanistan......Page 176
Peacekeeping, diplomacy and the EU’s foreign policy agenda......Page 177
Enlargement and the international community......Page 179
Heterogeneity and harmony......Page 180
Conclusion: the EU’s external performance legitimacy and the ‘four Europes’......Page 182
Conclusion......Page 185
Towards legitimating principles for the EU......Page 186
Incorporating the principles......Page 188
Notes......Page 194
Bibliography......Page 226
C......Page 239
D......Page 240
E......Page 241
H......Page 243
L......Page 244
N......Page 245
R......Page 246
T......Page 247
Y......Page 248