Legal Needs Surveys and Access to Justice

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Executive summary
	Why legal needs surveys?
	A framework for conducting legal needs surveys
	Towards meaningful access to justice indicators
Overview of legal needs surveys and access to justice
	Inclusive development and access to justice
	Purpose of this document
	Structure of this document
	Notes
	References
Chapter 1.  Access to Justice and Legal Needs Surveys
	Defining access to justice and legal needs
	Understanding the dimensions of access to justice and legal needs
	What are legal needs surveys?
	Why conduct legal needs surveys?
	Limits of legal needs surveys
	What have we learned from legal needs surveys?
		Prevalence of justiciable problems
		Inequality of problem experience
		Impact of justiciable problems and problem clustering
		Problem resolution and barriers to justice
		Building a global picture
		Inclusive process
	Impacts of legal needs surveys
	Target populations and methodological variations among past legal needs surveys
		Target populations of past legal needs surveys
		Methodological features and variations
	Notes
	References
Chapter 2.  Framework for Conducting Legal Needs Surveys
	Legal needs surveys in context
	“Justiciable” problems
		Framing legal needs surveys: Defining the subject matter
		The range of justiciable problems
		Levels of detail
		Exclusion of “trivial” problems
		Business related problems
		Crime victimisation and offending
	Problem seriousness
		The broader impact of justiciable problems
		Abstract problem seriousness scales
	Units of measurement
		Community problems
	Legal needs survey reference periods
	Problem resolving behaviour
		Sources of help
		Information, advice and representation
		Seeking, contacting and receiving
		Help from family, friends and the other party
		Reference to “legal” help
		Help obtained on behalf of respondents
		A complete picture of problem resolving behaviour
	Process
		Types of process
		Contact with process bodies, process initiation and participation
		Detail and specificity
		Use of technical language and use of examples
	Whether and how justiciable problems have concluded
		Whether or not problems have concluded
		Manner of problem conclusion
	Perceptions of process and outcome
		Defining the subject matter of process questions
	The cost of resolving justiciable problems
		Types of cost
		“Free” services and financial support
	Legal capability and legal empowerment
		Generic aspects of legal capability
	Measuring legal need and unmet legal need
	Consistency of approach and the comparability of legal needs survey findings
	A framework for asking questions: survey structure
		A modular survey approach
		Sub-samples
	Notes
	References
Chapter 3.  Model Questions, Model Structure and Short-Form Illustrative Questionnaire
	Model core legal needs survey questions
		Problem identification (‎Annex A; Figure ‎A.1)
		Problem seriousness (‎Annex A; Figure ‎A.2)
		Problem impact (‎Annex A; Figure ‎A.3)
		Identifying sources of help (‎Annex A; Figure ‎A.4; Figure ‎A.5; Figure ‎A.6)
		Process (‎Annex A; Box ‎A.1)
		Residual problem resolving behaviour (‎Annex A; Figure ‎A.7)
		Fact and manner of conclusion (‎Annex A; Figure ‎A.8 and Figure ‎A.9)
		Reasons for advice not being obtained  (‎Annex A; Figure ‎A.10)
		The cost of justiciable problem resolution (‎Annex A; Figure ‎A.12)
		Legal capability (‎Annex A; Figure ‎A.13)
		Finding out problem start and end dates
	Beyond core questions
		Legal needs surveys: additional topics of investigation
	From questions to questionnaire
		Illustrative short-form legal needs survey questionnaire
	Notes
	References
Chapter 4.  Legal Needs Surveys and Access to Justice Indicators
	Multidimensionality of access to justice
	Principles for defining access to justice indicators
		Objectives
		Form
		Subject matter
		Process
	Using legal needs-based access to justice indicators
		National and thematic indicators
		Global indicators
		Limits of legal needs surveys revisited
	The path ahead
	Notes
	References
		Annex A. Annotated Model Core Legal Needs Survey Questions
		Annex B. Illustrative Longer-Form Legal Needs Survey Questionnaire
		Annex C. Topics included in Legal Needs Surveys to date
Annex A. Annotated Model Core Legal Needs Survey Questions
Annex B. Illustrative Longer-Form Legal Needs Survey Questionnaire
Annex C. Topics included in Legal Needs Surveys to date