Learning and Performance: A Systemic Model for Analysing Needs and Evaluating Training

Cover
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
List of figures
List of tables
Cover illustration
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of abbreviations
1 What is this book about?
	Why is the approach within this book different?
	How can a systems approach lead to better training?
	How is this book organised?
	Notes
2 What is systems thinking?
	Systems thinking – just what we do
	Cartesian thinking in management
	The trap of Cartesian thinking
	Modern ideas of systems thinking
	What is a ‘system’?
	The key characteristics of a system
	Summary
	Notes
3 Analysing training needs
	What is a training needs analysis?
	Why do a needs analysis?
	Challenges to the needs analysis process
	Levels of analysis
	Processes for carrying out a needs analysis
	Summary
	Notes
4 Evaluating training
	Why evaluate?
	How often is training evaluation done?
	What are the barriers to evaluating training?
	The Kirkpatrick framework
	The return-on-investment model
	The organisational elements model
	The Success Case Method
	Summary
	Notes
5 Key concepts in systems thinking
	Do systems exist?
	Classifying systems approaches
	Open and closed systems
	Feedback
	Emergence
	Causality
	Linearity and non-linearity
	Appreciation and the dynamics of time
	Requisite variety
	Single- and double-loop learning
	Complexity theory
	Wicked problems
	Summary
	Notes
6 Tools to help systems thinking
	Diagramming
	System Dynamics
	The Viable System Model
	Social Network Analysis
	Soft Systems Methodology
	Critical Systems Heuristics
	Summary
	Notes
7 How do people learn?
	Ideas about learning
	Formal and informal learning
	How can formal learning be delivered?
	Limitations of formal learning programmes
	How does informal learning happen?
	The limitations of informal learning
	Integrating formal and informal learning
	Summary
	Notes
8 Systemic approaches to analysing training needs
	How a systemic needs analysis works
	Case study 1: Weknow Consulting
	Case study 2: the Advanced Technology Procurement Agency
	Summary
	Notes
9 Specifying learning activities
	Improving the likelihood of learning transfer
	Auditing the learning transfer system
	Encouraging informal learning
	Integrating formal and informal learning
	Summary
	Notes
10 Systemic approaches for evaluating training
	Why use systemic approaches to evaluate training?
	A systemic model for training evaluation
	Establishing a learning evaluation policy
	Carrying out formative evaluations
	Carrying out summative evaluations
	An evaluation case study: what happened at ATPA?
	Summary
	Notes
11 Bringing it all together
Index