Lawyers in 21st Century - Vol2 - Comparisons and Theories

Preface
Table of Contents
List of Contributors
Volume One: National Reports Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
	1. Studying Lawyers Comparatively in the 21st Century: Issues in Method and Methodology
		I. Introduction
		II. Methodological Issues
		III. The Early Studies: Weber, Functionalism and Beyond
		IV. Comparative Methodology of the Legal Profession – From Abel and Lewis to Krause
		V. From Methodology to Practice
		VI. The Structure of the Book
		VII. Conclusion
		References
PART I: COMPARISONS: REGIONS, RELIGIONS, POLITICAL ECONOMIES
	2. Evolution of Latin American Lawyers Over Three Decades: 1990–2020
		I. Introduction
		II. The Apparent Parochialism of Latin American Lawyers
		III. Law Students and Scholars as Pillars of the Legal Professions in Latin America
		IV. Latin American Lawyers Here and There
		V. Conclusion
		References
	3. Africa’s Lawyers: From Imperial Agents to Legal Brokers in Global Markets
		I. The 'Problem Of The Present' in a Post-Imperial World
		II. Imperial Shadows
		III. Lawyers as Gate-Keepers
		IV. From Double Agents to Bouncers
		V. From Intermediaries of the State to Private Legal Brokers of Sovereignty on Global Markets
		VI. Conclusion
		References
	4. Lawyers in the Muslim World: Between Social Transformation, Judicial Control, and Feminisation
		I. Introduction
		II. Vectors of Differentiation
		III. General Trends: Density and Growth of the Legalprofession in the Muslim World
		IV. Bar Associations
		V. Fissions and Fusions in the Legal Profession
		VI. Women in the Legal Profession
		VII. Lawyers' Mobilisation
		VIII. Conclusion
		References
	5. Post-Socialist Legal Professions: Jurisdictional Volatility, Changing Regulatory Logics and the Return of Guilds
		I. Introduction: State-Socialist and Post-Socialist Transformations
		II. Key Theoretical Categories
		III. A Comparative Survey of Post-Socialist Countries
		IV. Gender and Legal Professions in Post-Socialist Contexts
		V. Conclusions
		References
PART II: DIVERSITY
	6. Understanding Gender Inequality in the Legal Profession
		I. Introduction
		II. Women's Rising Representation in the Legal Profession across Countries
		III. Inequality Regimes across Legal Markets
		IV. Explaining Gender Inequalities in the Legal Profession
		V. Conclusion
		References
	7. Men, Masculinities and the Legal Professions: Asking the ‘Man Question’
		I. Introduction
		II. Masculinities, Lawyers and Legal Professions in a Global Frame: History, Key Concepts and Recent Developments
		III. Two Case Studies: Fatherhood, Care and Transnational Masculinities
		IV. Men in the Global Frame: Legal Professionsand the Limits of Masculinity
		V. Concluding Remarks
		References
	8. Race, Ethnicity and the Legal Profession
		I. Introduction
		II. Indigenous Lawyers: Australia, Canada and New Zealand
		III. United States
		IV. The Netherlands
		V. England and Wales
		VI. Conclusion
		References
PART III: PRODUCTION OF LAW AND LAWYERS
	9. Still Special After All These Years? Fundamental Questions in Legal Services Regulation
		I. Introduction and Theoretical Framework
		II. Legal Professionalism: Lawyers Regulating Lawyers
		III. Alternative Regulatory Institutions
		IV. Alternative Regulatory Logics
		V. The Rationale of Legal Services Regulation: Public and Private Interest Theories
		VI. Conclusion: Lawyers in Society: 30 Years On
		References
	10. When and Why Do Lawyer Organisations Seek to Influence Law?
		I. Introduction
		II. Theoretical Perspectives on Why Lawyer Organisations Might Seek to Influence Law
		III. Law-Making Activities by Lawyer Organisations in Seven Countries
		IV. Expanding the Analysis of Lawyer Organisations to Other Countries
		V. Conclusion: When and Why Do Lawyer Organisations Act to Influence Law
		References
	11. Globalisation and Education: Reconfigurations in Location, Scale, Form and Content
		I. Introduction
		II. Changes in the Location of Legal Education
		III. Changes in Scale – Expansion of Legal Education
		IV. Changes in the Scale of Legal Education – Diversification and Stratification
		V. Form and Content of Legal Education
		VI. Shifts in the Curriculum to Legal Clinics
		VII. Conclusion
		References
	12. Paralegals and the Casualisation of Legal Labour Markets
		I. Introduction
		II. Paralegals in Chile: Court Clerks, Law Graduates and Judicial Reforms after the Dictatorship
		III. Paralegals in the Netherlands
		IV. Paralegals in Italy: Invisible Figures in Search of a Professional Status
		V. England and Wales: the Unregulated Paralegal
		VI. Paralegals in the United States: New Frontiers
		VII. Conclusion
		References
PART IV:
LAWYERS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
	13. Lawyers and Access to Justice
		I. Introduction
		II. Access to Justice and American Lawyers
		III. Lawyers and Access to Justice in the Scandinavian Welfare States
		IV. English Lawyers and Access to Justice
		V. Conclusion
		References
	14. Cause Lawyering in Conflicted, Authoritarian and Transitional Societies: Politics, Professionalism and Gender
		I. Introduction
		II. Cause Lawyering in Settled Democracies
		III. Cause Lawyering in Conflicted and Authoritarian Societies
		IV. Cause Lawyering in Transitional Societies
		V. Gender and Cause Lawyering in Conflict and Transition
		VI. Conclusion
		References
	15. Advocates for Silenced Voices: How Human Rights Lawyers in Europe and Latin America Defend the Rule of Law
		I. Introduction
		II. The Rule of Law, the Right to a Fair Trial and the Legal Profession
		III. Country Studies
		IV. Outlook
		References
PART V: MULTINATIONAL FIRMS
	16. The Many Lives of Big Law: Three Decades in the Evolution of Large Law Firms
		I. Introduction: Big Law Conquers the World
		II. The Current Landscape of Large Law Firms: Big,Wide and Complicated
		III. Dressed Like Corporations
		IV. Conclusion
		References
	17. Globalisation, Lawyers, and Emerging Economies: The Rise, Transformation, and Significance of the New Corporate Legal Ecosystem in India, Brazil, and China
		I. Introduction
		II. The Global Shift and the Pull of the Globalgold Standard in Corporate Legal Practice
		III. The Rise of the Corporate Legal Sector in India, Brazil, and China
		IV. Corporate Lawyers in the Field of State Power
		V. Conclusion: Will Chinese Exceptionalism Become the Norm?
		References
	18. Lawyers and the European Union: The Rise of a Regulatory Bar in Brussels (1989–2019)
		I. Inventing a New Role for the Legal Profession: European Regulatory Lawyers' Activities in Brussels
		II. Regulatory Lawyers as Boundary Entrepreneurs
		III. Conclusion
		References
PART VI:
SOCIOLOGY OF PROFESSIONS
	19. Between Rules and Power: Finding a Place for Lawyers in the Sociology of Professions
		I. Searching for Uniqueness in the Professions
		II. Rules: A Technical and Moral Toolkit
		III. Power: An Unruly River
		IV. Between Rules and Power
		V. Conclusion
		References
	20. Accountants versus Lawyers: Comparing the Moneymen with the Monied (Gentle)men
		I. Introduction
		II. Comparative Profile of Audit and Legal Professional Service Fields
		III. Jurisdictional Expansion Versus Jurisdictional Consolidation
		IV. Summary and Conclusions
		Appendix
		References
	21. The Mutation of Medical Professionalism
		I. Introduction
		II. Axes of Professional Disruption
		III. Theorising Transformations of Medical Professionalism
		IV. Mutation of Professionalism
		V. Examples of a Mutating Medical Profession?
		VI. Conclusions
		References
	22. Legal Technology: The Great Disruption?
		I. Legal Tech: The Emergence of a Paradigm
		II. How is Legal Tech Changing the Legal Services Ecosystem ?
		III. Legal Tech and the Sociology of the Profession: The Problems of Knowledge and Expertise
		IV. Conclusion: The (Not Quite) Great Disruption
		Glossary
		References
PART VII: LAWYERS AND STATE PRODUCTION
	23. State-Centred Comparison of Legal Professions in an Era of Globalisation
		I. Introduction
		II. Global Comparison – Conceptual Challenges
		III. State Structure and Legal Profession Development – Global Comparisons
		IV. Legal Professions and the New Internationalism
		V. Globalisation Backlash – Post-9/11 and Populist States
		VI. States, Legal Professions and Prospects for Justice
		References
	24. Law as Reproduction and Revolution: An Interconnected History of the Internationalisation of National Legal Hierarchies
		I. The Development of Small Cosmopolitan Legal Elitesin Medieval Europe: Origins and the Creation of Modelsexported to Colonial Settings
		II. The US Hybrid Model – a Divided Profession Dominated by the Corporate Law/Elite Law School Relationship
		III. Asian Case Studies: Challenges and Responsesto a New Legal Revolution
		IV. Concluding Observations
		References
	25. Money Laundering, Corruption and the Legal Profession: An Exploration
		I. Introduction
		II. Lawyers'
 Involvement with Grand Corruption and Laundering
		III. The Anti-Money Laundering Movement: The Context of Lawyer Regulation
		IV. Regulating the Legal Profession for Anti-Money Laundering and Corruption
		V. Conclusions
		Glossary
		References
CONCLUSION:
	26. Comparative Sociology of Lawyers, 1988–2018: Governance, Regulation, Access to Justice, Political Engagement, Regime Change and the Rule of Law
		I. Self-Governance
		II. Self-Regulation
		III. Legal Aid and Pro Bono
		IV. Lawyers in Politics
		V. Rrgime Change
		VI. Rule of Law
		VII. A Research Agenda
		VIII. The Future
		References
Index