Law and Religion in Theoretical and Historical Context

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
1 Introduction......Page 11
Overview of the book......Page 13
History......Page 14
Contexts......Page 15
The difficulties of defining the boundaries of religion......Page 17
Regulating religion when we disagree about what religion is......Page 20
Social glue or dangerously divisive......Page 23
Conclusion......Page 25
2 The moral economy of religious freedom......Page 26
Introduction......Page 36
I. What is freedom of religion?......Page 39
II. The religious nature of freedom of religion......Page 41
III. Striving for the universal......Page 49
Final comments......Page 52
4 Why religion belongs in the private sphere, not the public square......Page 54
Locke, Rawls and Dworkin......Page 55
From theory to practice......Page 63
Is neutrality a neutral ideal?......Page 67
Neutrality of effect......Page 68
Is state neutrality the faith of those who are liberals?......Page 70
Is impartiality an impossible aspiration?......Page 77
1. Introduction......Page 82
2. Separation of law and religion......Page 85
Secularism......Page 86
Monism......Page 90
3. Further complications......Page 93
Religious diversity......Page 94
Culture, nation and religion......Page 95
Religious/cultural relativism......Page 96
4. Law, pluralism and religious diversity......Page 98
5. Plural law in space-time......Page 102
Spaces of law......Page 104
Times of law......Page 108
6. Conclusion......Page 109
6 The influence of cultural conflict on the jurisprudence of the religion clauses of the First Amendment......Page 110
1946–1963: Civil liberties in the welfare-regulatory state......Page 112
1963–1980: the civil rights era......Page 119
1980–2000: the Reagan era......Page 125
Since 2000......Page 130
Introduction......Page 133
I. The culture wars context......Page 135
II. The Scopes Trial......Page 139
III. The constitutional law legacy of the Scopes Trial......Page 147
IV. The Scopes Trial and control over public school curricula......Page 160
Conclusion......Page 165
Introduction......Page 167
The difficulty of addressing ideological questions in the English constitution......Page 168
The nature of the constitutional arrangement signified by Establishment......Page 169
The nature of establishment in an organic constitution and a broad church......Page 171
The in uence of modern social and philosophical mores......Page 172
The in uence of the human rights framework......Page 174
The facts and legal treatment of Aston Cantlow v. Wallbank......Page 177
The expressions of Establishment dealt with in Aston Cantlow......Page 179
The historical Establishment, the national mission of the church and the public provision for religious services......Page 180
The modi cation of traditional arrangements – between stasis and change......Page 182
The treatment of Establishment in Aston Canlow v. Wallbank......Page 186
Conclusion......Page 191
Introduction......Page 196
General......Page 199
Judaism......Page 200
Christianity......Page 203
Islam......Page 205
Israel – the Jewish State......Page 206
Christian countries......Page 209
Muslim countries......Page 214
The de facto multicultural state: what should be done about days of rest?......Page 215
Explaining the model......Page 219
Conclusion......Page 222
10 Australian legal procedures and the protection of secret Aboriginal spiritual beliefs: a fundamental conflict......Page 224
The scheme of the Act......Page 225
Secrecy as an essential element of Aboriginal religious belief......Page 227
A survey of the cases......Page 228
Northern Territory land claim cases......Page 229
Federal Native Title Act 1993 cases......Page 230
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984 cases......Page 232
Other obstacles to protection: allegations of improbability and fabrication......Page 242
Alleged improbability or lack of logic......Page 243
Alleged fabrication......Page 244
The Act fails to accommodate the secret nature of Aboriginal religious belief......Page 246
A separate, Aboriginal, process for authentication of claims......Page 247
A separate, public, process for investigation of conficting interests......Page 249
These proposals are neither radical nor novel90......Page 250
Statutory protection for secret Aboriginal spiritual beliefs......Page 251
Introduction......Page 253
The scope of the concept of ‘conscientious exemption’......Page 254
Secular and religious conscientious exemptions......Page 255
The implications of the argument and its importance......Page 256
Linguistic and historical origins......Page 259
The nature of tolerance......Page 260
Different motives for tolerance......Page 261
The general argument: some clarifications......Page 263
Conscientious exemption as equality......Page 269
Conclusion......Page 277
12 Law’s sacred and secular subjects......Page 278
A strictly legal view of our legal nature......Page 281
The liberal political story of the legal individual......Page 283
The sacred person and the material person......Page 284
Keeping the legal legal......Page 292
Feeling the force of the contradictions......Page 295
Conclusion......Page 297
Introduction......Page 301
The ECHR and the freedom of religion or belief: the ‘individual rights’ focus......Page 302
From respect for religion to ‘respectful’ religions?......Page 310
Getting the context right: the missapplication of the ‘neutrality’ paradigm in the ‘individual’ setting?......Page 316
Concluding re ections......Page 322
INDEX......Page 327