Latin American Party Systems

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Tables......Page 12
Figures......Page 15
Preface......Page 17
Introduction......Page 21
1 Patterns of Programmatic Party Competition in Latin America......Page 34
Nature and significance of programmatic linkages and party system structuration......Page 36
Alternative Modes of Linkage in Democracies......Page 38
Programmatic Linkages Are Consequential for the Operation of Democracy......Page 41
Programmatic Competition through Political Parties......Page 42
Is Programmatic Party Competition Feasible?......Page 47
The conditionality of programmatic partisan competition......Page 49
Capabilities, Opportunities, and Stakes: Short-Term and Long-Term Learning......Page 52
Mechanisms Supporting Programmatic Party Structuration through Long-Term Adaptive Learning......Page 55
Capabilities......Page 56
Opportunities......Page 57
Stakes of the Political Battle......Page 58
The Interaction of Capabilities, Opportunities, and Stakes......Page 61
Capabilities......Page 63
Opportunities......Page 64
Stakes of the Political Conflict......Page 65
The Emergence of Programmatic Parties in a Period of Urban-Centered Import-Substituting Industrialization with Social Policy......Page 67
Period II: Erosion and Collapse of ISI Strategies and the Search for New Political-Economic Programs......Page 70
Relation of the Argument to Existing Literature on Latin American Party Systems......Page 72
The substantive argument in brief......Page 74
Empirical indicators of programmatic party competition......Page 79
Ideological, Partisan, and Competitive Dimensions......Page 80
The Informational Value of Left-Right Semantics......Page 81
Representation on Issue Dimensions......Page 82
Ideological Cohesion of Political Parties......Page 83
Two potential sources of measurement error......Page 84
Personal Opinions versus the Party Line......Page 85
Lack of Salience Questions......Page 87
2 Issues, Ideologies, and Partisan Divides: Imprints of Programmatic Structure on Latin American Legislatures......Page 90
Ideological dimensions in latin american legislatures......Page 91
The Substance of Ideological Dimensions......Page 98
Comparative Strength of Ideological Dimensions......Page 103
Partisan divides in latin america......Page 104
The Structure and Substance of Partisan Dimensions......Page 107
Conclusion......Page 114
The importance of the left-right semantics......Page 116
An overview of the left-right semantics in latin america......Page 118
The substantive meanings of the left-right semantics......Page 124
Ideological Divides and the Left-Right Semantics......Page 125
Comparing the Strength of Substantive Components across Countries......Page 130
The Strength of the Substantive Component Compared with Other Indicators of PPS......Page 132
Party families and the left-right semantics......Page 133
Comparing symbolic and substantive components of left-right semantics......Page 135
Conclusion......Page 138
4 Political Representation in Latin America......Page 139
Theoretical perspectives on political representation......Page 140
Case Selection......Page 143
Matching Variables across Surveys......Page 145
Measuring Mandate Representation......Page 146
Generating System Representation Scores Based on Preliminary Analyses......Page 151
Representation scores......Page 154
A univariate example: the case of privatization......Page 158
Conclusion: representation scores compared to other indicators of pps......Page 160
5 Ideological Cohesion of Political Parties in Latin America......Page 165
Measuring cohesion......Page 166
Left-Right Placement......Page 170
Issue Placement......Page 172
Partisan Divides......Page 175
Substantive Content of Left-Right Semantics......Page 176
Issue Representation......Page 178
Left-Right Placement......Page 180
Issue Cohesion......Page 183
Conclusion......Page 187
PART II Causes and Correlates of Programmatic Party System Structuration......Page 189
6 Long-Term Influences on the Structuring of Latin American Party Systems......Page 197
Capacities for party system structuration: early economic development......Page 198
Opportunities for mobilizing programmatic partisan alternatives......Page 202
The stakes of programmatic partisan conflict......Page 208
ISI and Programmatic Party Competition......Page 210
Social Policy Development and Programmatic Party Competition......Page 215
Party system institutionalization and economic pps?......Page 223
Conclusion......Page 225
7 Democratic Politics and Political Economy since the 1980s......Page 229
Current capacities and resources for programmatic party competition......Page 231
Authoritarian Disruptions of Democracy......Page 236
Institutional Incentives for Programmatic Coordination......Page 237
Economic stakes of political competition since the “lost decade” in latin american politics......Page 243
Economic Performance and Economic Policy Making......Page 244
Promises and Policies: Does Consistency in Parties’ Economic Policy Commitments Matter for Programmatic Party Competition?......Page 248
Conclusion......Page 252
8 Programmatic Structuration around Religion and Political Regime......Page 256
The religious divide and christian democracy......Page 258
Explaining Religious PPS......Page 260
Church-State Conflicts......Page 262
Accounting for Late Twentieth-Century Religious Partisan Divides......Page 270
Explaining Christian Democratic Parties......Page 273
Short-Term Correlates of Religious PPS......Page 278
Political regime divides after the third wave of democratization......Page 279
Dimensions and Configurations of the Political Regime Divide......Page 281
Retrospective versus Prospective Political Regime Divides......Page 283
Explaining (Retrospective and Prospective) Political Regime Divides......Page 288
Conclusion......Page 295
9 Programmatic Structuration and Democratic Performance......Page 299
Political participation and democratic order......Page 303
The process of party competition......Page 306
Processes of policy making and governance......Page 311
Public evaluations of democratic politics and regime stability......Page 317
Conclusion......Page 323
10 Conclusion......Page 326
Latin american party systems at the end of the twentieth century: relevance of a historical snapshot......Page 328
Generalizing the model beyond latin america: the postcommunist experience......Page 338
The future of latin american party system structuration......Page 343
Strong Preexisting Programmatic Partisan Structuration: Institutional versus Social Liberalism......Page 350
Weak Preexisting Programmatic Structuration: From Neosocialism to a Clientelistic Politics of Drift......Page 354
The Residual Group: Weak Programmatic Structuration, but No Neosocialism......Page 358
Latin american party politics in perspective......Page 360
Appendix A: Description of Variables, Data Issues, and Research Design......Page 361
National Cases......Page 362
Substantive Topics (Issue Bundles)......Page 363
Economics......Page 364
Culture......Page 365
Political Parties......Page 366
Sampling Problems......Page 368
Missing Values......Page 370
Conclusion......Page 371
Appendix B: List of Variables......Page 373
Appendix C: English Translation of Relevant Portions of the Salamanca Survey......Page 375
Bibliography......Page 379
Index......Page 403