Late Ottoman Society: The Intellectual Legacy (Soas Routledgecurzon Studies on the Middle East)

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Illustrations......Page 8
Contributors......Page 11
Preface......Page 13
Acknowledgements......Page 16
Abbreviations......Page 17
Introduction......Page 18
Authoritarianism and Westernization......Page 19
A divided middle class......Page 20
The banned ulema......Page 22
Overview of the book......Page 24
Conclusion......Page 28
Notes......Page 29
1 Ottoman sources of Kemalist thought......Page 30
Secularism......Page 32
Nationalism......Page 34
How does Kemalist nationalism fit into this picture?......Page 36
Populism and etatism......Page 38
Notes......Page 41
2 Blueprints for a future society......Page 44
The impact of German popular materialism after Feuerbach on late Ottoman materialism......Page 45
Science reigns supreme: Besir Fu’ad Bey......Page 49
Besir Fu’ad and the implications of Vulgarmaterialismus for literature......Page 52
A materialist mujtahid: Doctor Abdullah Cevdet......Page 54
Abdullah Cevdet on literature, poetry, and science......Page 59
Abdullah Cevdet’s attempt to fuse materialism with Islam......Page 64
Alternatives to orthodox Islam in fusing religion and materialism......Page 76
Vulgarmaterialismus as the philosophy of the future: Baha Tevfik Bey......Page 82
Baha Tevfik and the limits of science......Page 86
Baha Tevfik on literature......Page 90
Baha Tevfik and the ethical foundations of the future society......Page 93
Conclusion: the legacy of late Ottoman materialism......Page 95
Acknowledgements......Page 102
Notes......Page 103
3 Whom did Ahmed Cevdet represent?......Page 134
Cevdet on himself......Page 136
The ‘we’ of the Ta’rih-i Cevdet......Page 138
Cevdet’s state......Page 139
Unity and order......Page 140
State servants......Page 141
Representing the state......Page 143
Notes......Page 144
4 Women in Late Ottoman intellectual history......Page 152
Recent findings......Page 155
Elite women in the classical Ottoman and Early Modern eras......Page 156
Elite and non-elite women in the modern era......Page 158
The Ottomans’ ‘Age of Empire’......Page 160
The Hamidian press......Page 161
Non-elite women in modern Ottoman intellectual history......Page 168
The Young Turk era......Page 171
Conclusion......Page 172
Notes......Page 173
5 Turban and fez......Page 180
Rapprochement between the ulema and the Committee of Union and Progress......Page 183
Three ulema pamphlets against the regime......Page 184
İkinci Hutbe (Second Sermon)......Page 190
New conceptions of history......Page 196
Political conceptions......Page 200
The Caliphate......Page 202
Secular and Islamic law......Page 204
The quest for activism......Page 205
Notes......Page 207
6 Pan-Islamism in practice......Page 220
The nature of pan-Islamism......Page 221
The Ottomans viewed by other Muslims......Page 226
The Muslims of India......Page 227
The Bukharans......Page 231
Pan-Islamism and anti-colonial revolution......Page 235
Conclusion......Page 239
Notes......Page 240
Books and newspapers in a multi-ethnic society......Page 244
Book production......Page 246
‘Books printed in Constantinople’: Western observers and Ottoman book production......Page 247
Booksellers’ catalogues......Page 248
Tefrika and forma......Page 249
Public reading rooms......Page 250
Booksellers and publishers......Page 251
Ebuzziya Tevfik......Page 253
Ibrahim Hilmi (Cigiracan)......Page 254
Censorship and censors......Page 255
Communication between the communities......Page 256
Mudafaa......Page 259
Conclusion......Page 260
Notes......Page 262
8 Christian community schools during the Ottoman reform period......Page 274
Greek schools......Page 277
Orthodox Arab schools......Page 279
Bulgarian schools......Page 280
Orthodox Albanian schools......Page 283
Armenian schools......Page 284
Official Ottoman attitude towards Christian community schools......Page 287
Conclusion......Page 289
Notes......Page 290
9 Levantine state muftis......Page 294
The Ottoman Shaykh al-Islam......Page 295
The Provincial Muftis......Page 296
Syria......Page 297
The French Mandate in Syria......Page 299
The French Mandate in Lebanon......Page 302
Conclusion......Page 304
Notes......Page 306
10 The Albanian students of the Mekteb-i Mulkiye......Page 308
A heterogeneous group emerging from a common educational and professional mould......Page 309
Between the native region and the Ottoman capital......Page 313
Albanianism and Ottomanism: two sides of the same coin......Page 316
Administrators and intellectuals in the service of the state......Page 321
Notes......Page 323
Albanian Mulkiyelis who died before 1912–13......Page 330
Albanian Mulkiyelis who left the Ottoman administration before the Balkan Wars, but about whom we have no further information......Page 331
Albanian Mulkiyelis who had never entered or who had left the Ottoman administration before the Balkan Wars and lived outside Turkey thereafter......Page 332
Albanian Mulkiyelis who left the Ottoman administration in 1912–13 and went to Albania......Page 337
Mulkiyelis who left the Ottoman administration around 1912–13 and were in Albania in the 1920s......Page 346
Albanian Mulkiyelis who left the Ottoman administration around 1912–13 but for whom we have no other information......Page 347
Albanian Mulkiyelis who left the Ottoman administration until the early 1920s and then left the Ottoman Empire......Page 348
Albanian Mulkiyelis who oscillated between Albania and Turkey......Page 351
Albanian Mulkiyelis who continued to serve the Ottoman Empire after 1912–13, but died before 1920......Page 353
Albanian Mulkiyelis who continued to served the Ottoman Empire after 1912–13, but for whom we have no information for the subsequent years......Page 355
‘Albanian’ Mulkiyelis who continued to serve the Ottoman Empire and later the Republic of Turkey......Page 356
Albanian Mulkiyelis who never entered the Ottoman administration but remained in Turkey......Page 360
Index......Page 362