Late Antique portraits and Early Christian icons: the power of the painted gaze

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Figures
Acknowledgements
Introduction
	The Range of Material
	Questions of Methodology
	Working Definitions of Key Terms
1. The Production of Sacred Portraits (i): Techniques and Stylistic Variation
	The Physical Format of the Framed Pinax
	Encaustic and Tempera Techniques
		The Use of Encaustic in the Mummy Portraits and Early Christian Icons
		The Use of Tempera in the Mummy Portraits and Fayum Portraits of Deities
	Stylistic Variation: Naturalism and Schematicism
		Hellenistic Naturalism
		Egyptian Schematicism
		Stylistic Contrasts within Single Images
		Distinctive Formal Aspects of the Sinai Icon of Christ Blessing
	Stylistic Choice and the Role of the Artist
2. The Production of Sacred Portraits (ii): The Visualisation of the Prototype
	The Visualisation of Non-Christian Deities
	The Visualisation of Christian Saints
		Portraits of Isis and the Virgin Mary: Examples of Artistic Syncretism?
		Idealisation and the ‘Heavenly Likeness’
	The Visualisation of the Deceased in Roman Egypt
	The Visualisation of Roman Emperors
	The Visualisation of Christ
3. The Reception of Sacred Portraits (i): Functions and Meanings of the Depicted Gaze
	Portraits of Non-Christian Deities
	Imperial Portraits
	Portrait Mummies
	Portraits of Saints
	Portraits of Christ
4. The Reception of Sacred Portraits (ii): Reciprocal Looking and Spiritual Practice
	Image-Based Devotional Practice in the Context of Pilgrimage
	Theories of Visual Perception and Icon Veneration
	The Role of Images in Spiritual Practice (i): Plotinus
	The Role of Images in Spiritual Practice (ii): Early Monastic Teachings
	An Account of an Exchange of Gazes in Anagogical Prayer
	The Sinai icon of The Mother of God Enthroned with Warrior-Saints and Archangels: Anagogical Prayer as Spiritual Warfare
	Monastic Training and a Hierarchy of Looking
	The Use of Images at the Monastery at Mount Sinai in the Sixth Century
	The Spirituality of John Climacus and the Sinai Icon of Christ Blessing
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index