Language Use, Education, and Professional Contexts (Second Language Learning and Teaching)

Introducing Language Use, Education, and Professional Contexts
Contents
Professional Contexts
Evaluative Language in Legal Professional Practice: The Case of Justification of Judicial Decisions
	1 Introduction
	2 Evaluative Language and Legal Argumentation
	3 The Institutional and Professional Contexts of the Two Cases. The Legal Justification in US and Polish Supreme Court Decisions
	4 The Analysis: Comparing Sites of Evaluation
		4.1 Evaluating the Solution to Conflict Principles
		4.2 Evaluating the Institutional Treatment of the Petitioner
		4.3 Evaluating Religious Beliefs
		4.4 Evaluating the Nature of Service
	5 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Cross-Linguistic and Cross-Cultural Conceptualization of Specialized Terms in Corporate Culture
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 Visual Perception and Culture
		2.2 Conceptualization and Construal
		2.3 Cultural Cognition and Conceptualization
		2.4 Lexicology/Lexicography, Terminology/Terminography and Linguistic Typology
	3 A Case Study
		3.1 The Case with English
		3.2 The Case with Chinese
		3.3 The Case with Italian and Spanish
		3.4 The Case with French, German, and Other Languages
	4 Discussion and Further Prospects
		4.1 Example 1
		4.2 Example 2
	5 Conclusions
	References
Polish and Russian Geological Names in the Context of Linguistic Transfer
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Materials and Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Implementation of Professional Language Terminology in Polish Production Companies
	1 Introduction
	2 Business Communication
	3 Specialist Language and Translation of Specialist Texts
	4 Electrotechnical Industry and Its Language
	5 Translating and Implementing Electrotechnical Terminology: The Case of Polish-German Cooperation
	6 Conclusions
	References
Forms of Address in Polish Nonprofessional Subtitles
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Forms of Address—General Considerations
		2.2 Forms of Address in Polish
		2.3 Film Discourse and Film Translation—Subtitles
	3 Theoretical Assumptions
	4 Material and Methods
	5 Research Results
		5.1 Ty vs Pan vs 2nd Person Singular
		5.2 Last Name of the Protagonist and First Names
		5.3 Position in a Sentence
		5.4 Functions of Terms of Address
		5.5 Forms of Address in Face-to-Face vs. Multi-Party Contexts
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Bilingual Contexts
Language as a Source of Problems in Bilingual Couples
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Framework
	3 Design of the Study
	4 Results
		4.1 Exclusion
		4.2 Alienation
		4.3 Isolation
		4.4 Frustration
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Code Switching in Tabletop Wargaming
	1 Introduction
	2 Tabletop Wargaming
	3 Data Collecting Methodology
	4 Different Layers of Code Switching in Tabletop Wargames
	5 Research Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Educational Contexts
Making University-Level Foreign Language Education More Responsive to Professional Needs
	1 Introduction
	2 Teaching Foreign Languages in Polish Higher Education: How the System Works
	3 Challenges of Foreign Language Instruction in Higher Education in Poland
	4 Possible Solutions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Engineering Students’ Views on ESP Courses as a Pathway for the Development of Graduates’ International Mindsets
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Method
	4 Analysis
	5 Results
		5.1 Survey
		5.2 Policy Documentation
	6 Discussion and Implications
	References
Professional Growth of EFL Teachers
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Range of Vocabulary
		4.2 Fluency
		4.3 Grammar
		4.4 Pronunciation
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Translator Training Meets Machine Translation—Selected Challenges
	1 Introduction
	2 Translation and Technology
	3 Teaching and Training Translators
	4 Machine Translation as Part of Translator Training
	5 Selected Challenges
		5.1 The Effects of MT-Enhancement
		5.2 Autonomy Vis-À-Vis Machine Translation
		5.3 The Added Value of Human Responsibility
	6 Conclusions
	References
Cross-Cultural Identity and Reflective Memos in American and Polish Student Online TAPP Cooperation
	1 Introduction
	2 Identity
	3 Cross-Cultural Differences
	4 Background of the Trans-Atlantic & Pacific Project
	5 Description of the TAPP Collaboration
		5.1 Instructor Preparation for TAPP
	6 Student Cultural Background
		6.1 University of Minnesota Students
		6.2 Konin Students
	7 Discussion of the Collaborative Impact: Post-Task Reflective Memos
	8 Conclusion
	Appendices
		Appendix A
		Appendix B
		Appendix C
	References
Challenges Faced by the University Students During COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland
	1 Introduction
	2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Learning
	3 Online Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic
	4 The Current Research
		4.1 Research Participants and Procedure
		4.2 Data Collection Instrument
	5 Research Results
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusions and Future Implications
	8 Limitations of the Research
	References