Language Management

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Acknowledgements......Page 13
1 Towards a theory of language management......Page 15
Managing speech and linguistic communities......Page 24
The individual and \"simple management\"......Page 25
Managing language in the family......Page 28
Parents or peers?......Page 33
Family as target......Page 36
Methods of managing the home language ecology......Page 37
Home language managers......Page 39
Ideological influences on the home......Page 40
A model of home language choice......Page 42
First modification of the theory......Page 44
Introduction......Page 45
Jewish language policy......Page 47
Language management in Christianity......Page 52
Islamic language management......Page 58
Other religious language management......Page 62
Religion in the theory of language management......Page 63
Domains and levels of language management......Page 67
Workplace language rules......Page 69
Global business......Page 71
Language management at sea and in the air......Page 76
The workplace in a theory of language management......Page 77
Public linguistic space......Page 79
Early studies of public signage......Page 80
Preliminary questions......Page 83
The effect of advertising on the paysage linguistique......Page 86
Public signs in a theory of language management......Page 89
Newspapers and magazines......Page 90
From sign to sound......Page 93
Media: radio and television......Page 94
Minority access to radio and television......Page 95
Media: telephones, cell phones, and call centers......Page 99
Media: the Internet and e-mail......Page 100
Cultivating public language......Page 101
Media in a theory of language management......Page 102
6 Language policy in schools......Page 104
Pupils......Page 105
Teachers......Page 106
Where are the managers?......Page 107
The self-managed school......Page 108
The locally managed school......Page 109
Externally managed schools......Page 111
Patterns......Page 112
Educational evidence......Page 115
Developed languages......Page 116
Ideological arguments......Page 118
Dividing language functions......Page 119
Teaching additional languages......Page 120
Teaching foreign languages......Page 121
The results of language education policy......Page 122
Teachers as a tool of language management......Page 123
Managing the admission of students......Page 125
Punishment as language management......Page 127
Schooling in a theory of language management......Page 128
Safety and health......Page 129
The law courts......Page 130
Civil rights......Page 131
The police......Page 138
The health institutions......Page 140
The legal and health domains in the model......Page 142
Communication needs in the military......Page 143
The Roman army and the sergeant\'s problem......Page 144
The sergeant\'s problem in other armies......Page 145
Canada: making an army bilingual......Page 147
US military language management in two world wars......Page 150
US defense language policy in an age of global war......Page 154
The military domain in a theory of language management......Page 157
Introduction......Page 158
The organization of this chapter......Page 160
The pressure of a multilingual nation......Page 161
Language management at the constitutional level......Page 162
Center vs. periphery......Page 166
The territorial solution......Page 168
The new territorialism: regional autonomy and devolution......Page 171
Going further: the breakup of nation-states......Page 176
Central government regulation of languages......Page 180
Spelling and language reform......Page 181
Local government......Page 182
Why is national policy so difficult?......Page 187
Pressures for national monolingualism and multilingualism......Page 189
Entr\'acte: the model to-date......Page 195
Hebrew revitalization as a grassroots movement......Page 199
Nationalist language activism......Page 204
The regeneration of Maori......Page 209
Language activism in Australia......Page 210
Language activism in the United States......Page 211
Community language activism: indigenous and immigrant minorities......Page 212
Some other cases of indigenous schooling......Page 214
Salvaging indigenous endangered languages......Page 216
Language activism in the theory of language management......Page 218
The supranational level or domain......Page 220
Monolingual supranational organizations: language diffusion management......Page 221
League of Nations and United Nations......Page 222
Europe and the European Community: internal language policy......Page 224
Influence of international organizations on national foreign language teaching policy......Page 227
Human and civil rights and the role of supranational organizations......Page 228
Parenthetically, who has \"language rights\"?......Page 231
International organizations on language rights......Page 233
The European Community and language rights......Page 236
Supranational organizations in a theory of language management......Page 238
Agents and agency......Page 239
Agencies that are not specifically linguistic in scope......Page 240
Immigration and citizenship......Page 242
Specialized language agencies......Page 244
Post-Independence India......Page 247
Academies......Page 248
Terminology committees......Page 255
Nomenclature and place names......Page 256
Language editors......Page 257
Internally (language education)......Page 258
Externally (language diffusion)......Page 259
Translation services......Page 260
Interpreters......Page 261
Language agencies and services in the theoretical model......Page 262
Simple language management: the accommodating individual......Page 263
Organized language management: the family domain......Page 264
The workplace......Page 265
Public linguistic space......Page 266
Courts, hospitals, and police stations......Page 267
Military language management......Page 268
Governments managing language......Page 269
Activism and pursuit of minority rights......Page 271
Beyond the nation-state: organizations and rights......Page 272
What sort of theory do we have?......Page 273
References......Page 276
Index......Page 305