Language Lateralization and Psychosis

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Preface......Page 11
Section 1 Asymmetry, handedness and language lateralization......Page 13
Introduction......Page 15
The molecular LR pathway: the conserved latter part of left–right patterning......Page 17
Early biophysical components of laterality: ciliary and physiological mechanisms......Page 20
Links between clinical data and molecular developmental biology, in the field of asymmetry......Page 23
Conclusion......Page 25
References......Page 26
Introduction......Page 31
Great apes......Page 32
Birds......Page 34
Summary of handedness studies with animals......Page 35
Asymmetries for spatial orientation......Page 36
Mammals......Page 37
Geometric coding......Page 38
Plasticity of cerebral asymmetries......Page 39
Primates......Page 40
Birds......Page 42
Overall résumé......Page 43
References......Page 44
Introduction......Page 49
The previous two centuries......Page 50
The distant past......Page 54
Geographical differences in the rate of left-handedness......Page 56
Ethnicity and handedness......Page 59
Euchiria, Hipressia, and Lowgenia......Page 62
Explaining historical differences......Page 64
The consequences of historical and geographical differences in left-handedness......Page 65
Acknowledgments......Page 66
References......Page 67
The beginnings......Page 71
Evidence from patients with aphasia......Page 72
Evidence from functional imaging......Page 73
Evidence from anatomical imaging......Page 75
Origins of language: from gesture to speech?......Page 77
The motor theory of speech......Page 78
Brain asymmetry at the population level......Page 79
References......Page 80
Introduction......Page 85
Theories of directional or chance asymmetry......Page 86
The right shift theory: chance asymmetry for all plus directional asymmetry for most but not all......Page 87
Tests of the RS genetic theory on family data......Page 88
Is there an X-linked gene for handedness?......Page 89
Handedness in twins......Page 90
Inheritance of brain asymmetries......Page 91
Non-genetic influences on human lateralization......Page 92
Appendix I......Page 94
References......Page 95
Introduction......Page 99
Handedness and lateralization in twins......Page 100
Concordance for handedness and language lateralization in monozygotic and dizygotic twins......Page 101
Predictions from genetic models on handedness......Page 104
Non-genetic factors affecting handedness and language lateralization in twins......Page 105
The influence of the monozygotic twinning process itself......Page 106
References......Page 108
Introduction......Page 113
Search criteria......Page 114
Functional imaging......Page 115
Planum temporale......Page 116
Sex differences in asymmetry of the temporal plane......Page 117
Sex differences in language lateralization measured with verbal dichotic listening tests......Page 119
Planum temporale asymmetry......Page 121
Language lateralization, dichotic listening......Page 122
Language lateralization, functional imaging studies......Page 123
References......Page 125
Section 2 Language lateralization and psychosis......Page 135
Introduction......Page 137
Handedness......Page 138
Schizotypy and right-handedness vs. non-right-handedness......Page 139
Inclusion......Page 140
Schizotypy and mixed-handedness vs. strong left- and right-handedness......Page 141
Discussion......Page 143
References......Page 145
Introduction......Page 149
Methods to evaluate the functional lateralization of language......Page 150
Language production tasks......Page 151
Language comprehension tasks......Page 153
Confounding variables for hemispheric lateralization for language......Page 155
Longitudinal studies on language lateralization in schizophrenic patients......Page 156
Language lateralization in first-episode schizophrenia......Page 157
Language lateralization in other psychoses......Page 158
References......Page 159
10 The role of the right hemisphere for language in schizophrenia......Page 163
References......Page 169
Introduction......Page 173
Data acquisition......Page 175
Performance during the functional scans......Page 176
Group analysis language task......Page 177
Discussion......Page 178
References......Page 182
Introduction......Page 185
Formal though disorder and anatomical lateralization anomalies of the STG......Page 186
Functional lateralization anomalies in patients with FTD during language processing......Page 187
Brain activation during language production in patients with FTD......Page 188
Deficits of simple speech and non-speech sound processing......Page 189
Impaired comprehension at the word level......Page 190
Impaired sentence/discourse comprehension......Page 191
Structure–function relationships in patients with FTD......Page 192
References......Page 193
Background......Page 197
Linkage mapping and replication......Page 198
Parent-of-origin effect on handedness......Page 199
A matching parent-of-origin effect on schizophrenia......Page 201
Mapping of the 2p12-q11 effect to LRRTM1......Page 202
LRRTM1 is confirmed as an imprinted gene......Page 203
Functions of LRRTM1 in brain development......Page 206
LRRTM1 and schizophrenia......Page 207
LRRTM1 evolution......Page 208
Future directions......Page 209
References......Page 210
Index......Page 213