Language in its Social Context: An Introduction to Sociolinguistics

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Studying Language in Its Social Context
	Approaches to the Study of Language in Its Social Context
	Structure of the Book
	Summary
	Small-Scale Projects
	References
2 Beliefs About Language
	Ideologies of Language
	Prescriptivism and Descriptivism
	Norms and Standards
	Dialects and Languages
	Prestige
	Studying Language Ideologies
	Summary
	Suggested Projects
	References
3 One Society, Many Languages
	Multilingualism
	Societal Multilingualism
	Attitudes to Multilingualism
	Multilingual Societies
	Diglossia
	Choosing a Language (Code-Switching)
	Maintaining Multilingualism
	Language Planning
	Multilingual Education
	Language Policy in Canada
	Studying Multilingualism
	Summary
	Suggested Projects
	References
4 Language and Interpersonal Relationships
	Power and Solidarity
	Terms of Address
	Pronouns
	Politeness
	Taboo Language
	Slang
	Summary
	Suggested Projects
	References
5 Language and Culture
	Culture and Language
	Metaphor
	Linguistic Relativism
	Ethnography of Communication
	Conversation Analysis
	Narrative Analysis
	Summary
	Suggested Projects
	Anchor 10
	Further Readings
6 Language Variation and Place
	Regional Variation
	Studying Regional Variation
	Studying Regional Variation
	Analysing Regional Variation
	Summary
	Suggested Projects
	References
7 The Sociolinguistic Variable
	Variables and Variants
	Studying Sociolinguistic Variation
	Defining the Variable Context
	Testing Hypotheses
	Statistical Significance
	Multivariate Analysis
	Summary
	Suggested Projects
	Anchor 10
	Further Readings
8 Language Variation and Style
	Defining Style
	Attention Model
	Audience Design
	Speaker Design
	Indexicality
	Summary
	Suggested Projects
	Anchor 9
	References
9 Language Variation and Social Status
	Individuals and Groups
	Social Networks
	Communities of Practice
	Summary
	Suggested Projects
	References
10 Language Variation and Sex
	Sex or Gender?
	Language and Sex
	Language and Gender
	Sex/Gender and Sociolinguistic Variation
	Sex/Gender and Other Social Factors
	Sexual Orientation and Language Variation
	Gender Identity and Linguistic Variation
	Summary
	Suggested Projects
	References
11 Language Variation and Ethnicity
	Ethnicity
	Studying Ethnicity
	Ethnolects and the City
	Summary
	Suggested Projects
	Anchor 7
	References
12 Language Variation and Time
	Language Variation and Age
	Language Change
	Social Factors in Language Change
	Summary
	Suggested Projects
	References
13 Languages in Contact
	Language Transfer
	Borrowing
	Code-Switching
	Language Contact and Convergence
	Mixed Languages
	Pidgins and Creoles
	Summary
	Suggested Projects
	Anchor 10
	References
14 Language, Mode and Media
	Signed Language
	Written Language
	Telecommunication
	The Internet and Social Media
	Summary
	Suggested Projects
	References
Glossary
Bibliography
Index