Language and Interpretation in the Syriac Text of Ben Sira: A Comparative Linguistic and Literary Study

CONTENTS
......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 14
ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGLA......Page 16
PART ONE SIRACH IN SYRIAC......Page 18
1.1 MANUSCRIPTS......Page 20
1.2 QUOTATIONS IN EARLY SYRIAC LITERATURE......Page 21
1.3 TRACES OF INNER-SYRIAC CORRUPTION......Page 25
1.4 CONCLUSION......Page 29
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 31
2.2 THE HEBREW SOURCE TEXT OF THE SYRIAC TRANSLATION......Page 33
2.3 THE RELATION TO THE GREEK TEXT......Page 40
2.4 SYR AS A WITNESS TO THE EXPANDED TEXT......Page 49
2.5 CONCLUSION......Page 54
APPENDIX: THE TEXTUAL HISTORY OF SIRACH......Page 55
3.1 GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SYRIAC SIRACH......Page 58
3.2 EXPLANATORY AND EXPLICATIVE VARIANTS......Page 59
3.3 AVOIDANCE OF ANTHROPOMORPHISMS......Page 67
3.4 MISINTERPRETATIONS OF THE HEBREW......Page 70
3.5 OTHER DIFFERENCES WITH THE HEBREW AND THE GREEK......Page 77
3.6 POETIC FEATURES......Page 79
3.7 INFLUENCE OF OTHER PASSAGES IN SIRACH......Page 84
3.8 'TARGUMIC' LEXICOGRAPHICAL TRADITIONS......Page 89
3.9 CONCLUSION......Page 90
4.1 ADAPTATIONS TO SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONDITIONS......Page 94
4.2 SACRIFICES, PRIESTHOOD AND TEMPLE......Page 96
4.3 THE LAW AND THE PROPHETS......Page 102
4.4 ISRAEL AND THE NATIONS......Page 106
4.5 VEGETARIANISM AND POVERTY......Page 107
4.6 THE CREATION OF WISDOM......Page 111
4.7 CONCLUSION......Page 112
5.1 INFLUENCE OF THE OLD TESTAMENT......Page 114
5.2 INFLUENCE OF THE OLD TESTAMENT PESHITTA?......Page 123
5.3 AFFINITIES WITH RABBINIC LITERATURE......Page 127
5.4 PARALLELS WITH THE NEW TESTAMENT......Page 134
5.5 CONCLUSION......Page 137
6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 138
6.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RELIGIOUS PROFILE OF THETRANSLATOR AND THE TRANSLATION......Page 139
6.3 SYR IN THE SYRIAC TRADITION......Page 147
6.4 CONCLUSION......Page 148
PART TWO METHODOLOGY OF THECOMPUTER-ASSISTED LINGUISTICANALYSIS......Page 152
7.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 154
7.2 FORM TO FUNCTION......Page 157
7.3 TEXT LINGUISTICS......Page 162
7.4 THE PLACE OF SYNTAX IN THE ANALYSIS OF TEXTS AND TRANSLATIONS
......Page 164
7.5 CLAUSE HIERARCHY......Page 169
7.6 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH......Page 170
7.7 MULTILINGUAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS......Page 171
7.8 CONCLUSION......Page 175
8.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 176
8.2 THE GRAPHIC TEXT......Page 177
8.3 MORPHOLOGICAL SEGMENTATION......Page 178
8.4 MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS......Page 180
8.5 PHRASE SEGMENTATION AND MORPHOSYNTACTIC ANALYSIS......Page 182
8.6 CLAUSE SEGMENTATION......Page 184
8.7 CLAUSE PARSING......Page 185
8.8 SENTENCES......Page 186
8.9 TEXT HIERARCHY......Page 187
8.10 COMPARISON OF TWO TEXTS......Page 188
8.11 DATA RETRIEVAL AND TOOLS FOR LINGUISTIC AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS......Page 189
8.12 CONCLUSION: CALAP AND OTHER SYSTEMS OF COMPUTER-ASSISTED ANALYSIS......Page 190
APPENDIX: COMPUTER PROGRAMSUSED IN THE CALAP ANALYSIS......Page 193
PART THREE PHRASE STRUCTURE......Page 198
9.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 200
9.2 INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF PHRASE ATOMS......Page 203
10.1 ADJECTIVE......Page 208
10.2 d-PHRASE......Page 217
10.3 APPOSITION......Page 231
10.4 DEMONSTRATIVE......Page 238
10.5 PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE......Page 240
11.2 ADJECTIVE AND d-PHRASE......Page 244
11.3 TWO APPOSITIONS......Page 246
11.4 APPOSITION AND d-PHRASE......Page 247
11.5 TWO d-PHRASES......Page 249
11.6 d-PHRASE AND PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE......Page 250
11.8 DEMONSTRATIVE AND APPOSITION......Page 252
12.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 253
12.2 PHRASE ATOM WITH THREE SPECIFICATIONS......Page 254
12.3 EXTENSIONS EXTENDED......Page 255
12.4 PARALLEL ELEMENTS......Page 256
12.5 THE NEED FOR A HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS OF PHRASES
......Page 261
12.6 ADDITIONAL REMARKS ON RELATIVE CLAUSES......Page 262
13.1 THE ELEMENT BREAKING UP A PHRASE......Page 266
13.2 THE POSITION OF THE INTERVENING ELEMENT......Page 267
13.3 ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE 'CONNECTIVE PARTICLES'......Page 268
14.1 INDEPENDENT USE OF:\ WITH THE MEANING 'THAT OF..xxx  'THOSE OF xxx '
......Page 273
14.2 :xxx + CARDINAL NUMBER......Page 274
14.3 xxx 'WITHOUT' IN ADVERBIAL EXPRESSIONS......Page 276
15.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 278
15.3 PHRASE ATOMS AND THEIR EXTENSIONS......Page 281
15.4 THE MAXIMUM MATRIX OF PHRASES......Page 283
15.5 PHRASE STRUCTURE AND CLAUSE STRUCTURE......Page 285
APPENDIX: TABLE OF PHRASE PATTERNS......Page 287
PART FOUR CLAUSE STRUCTURE......Page 294
16.1 NOMINAL AND VERBAL CLAUSES......Page 296
16.2 SUBJECT AND PREDICATE, TOPIC AND COMMENT......Page 297
16.3 DEFINITENESS......Page 298
16.4 STRUCTURAL MEANING......Page 299
17.1 BASIC PATTERNS......Page 302
17.2 BIPARTITE PATTERNS AND SYRIAC CLAUSE STRUCTURE......Page 305
17.3 ELLIPSIS......Page 309
17.4 REFERENCE TO THE PAST......Page 310
17.5 CONCLUSION......Page 311
18.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 312
18.2 BASIC PATTERNS......Page 313
18.3 AGREEMENT......Page 320
18.4 CONCLUSION......Page 322
19.1 BASIC PATTERNS......Page 323
19.2 FUNCTION......Page 324
20.1 FORM: ABSOLUTE STATE AND EMPHATIC STATE......Page 326
20.2 STRUCTURES OF CLAUSES CONTAINING A PARTICIPLE......Page 327
20.3 PATTERNS WITH A PARTICIPIAL AND SYRIAC CLAUSE STRUCTURE......Page 331
20.4 VERBALIZATION......Page 332
20.5 CONCLUSION......Page 333
21.1 TERMINOLOGY......Page 334
21.2 EXTRAPOSITION......Page 335
21.3 PRONOMINAL AGREEMENT......Page 340
21.4 EXTRAPOSITION, PRONOMINAL AGREEMENT AND CLAUSE STRUCTURE......Page 348
22.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 352
22.2 STRUCTURAL PATTERNS......Page 354
22.3 xxx CLAUSES INDICATING ABSOLUTE EXISTENCE......Page 355
22.4 xxx CLAUSES INDICATING SITUATED EXISTENCE......Page 357
22.5 xxx CLAUSES AND OTHER PATTERNSINDICATING SITUATED EXISTENCE......Page 361
22.7 COPULAIC xxx CLAUSES......Page 367
22.8 CONCLUSION......Page 368
23.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 370
23.2 THE PERFECT OF xxx......Page 371
23.3 THE IMPERFECT OF xxx......Page 381
23.4 OTHER FORMS OF xxx
......Page 384
23.5 THE STATE OF THE PREDlCATlVE COMPLEMENTS......Page 386
23.6 CONCLUSION......Page 387
24.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 389
24.2 CLEFT SENTENCES IN SYRIAC LINGUISTICS......Page 390
24.3 CLEFT SENTENCES AND RHEMATIZATION......Page 391
24.4 CLEFT SENTENCES AND NOMINAL CLAUSES......Page 393
25.1 CLAUSE PATTERNS WITH THE ENCLITIC OR THE INDEPENDENT PERSONAL PRONOUN......Page 395
25.2 DISCUSSION......Page 398
PART FIVE TEXT HIERARCHY......Page 400
26.2 EMBEDDING AND HYPOTAXIS......Page 402
26.3 CLAUSES AND DISCOURSE SEGMENTS......Page 405
26.4 COHERENCE AND COHESION......Page 407
26.5 COHESIVE ELEMENTS......Page 410
26.6 BOTTOM-UP AND TOP-DOWN ANALYSIS......Page 412
26.7 TEXT-CRITICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ASPECTS......Page 413
26.8 CONCLUSION......Page 418
27.1 INTRODUCTION: THE GENRE OF THE PRAISE OF THE FATHERS......Page 421
27.2 CLAUSE HIERARCHY IN 44: 17-23 (THE PATRIARCHS)......Page 422
27.3 CLAUSE HIERARCHY IN 47:23-48: 15 (ELIJAH AND ELISHA)......Page 426
27.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS ABOUT THE PRAISE OF THE FATHERS......Page 430
PART SIX CONCLUSIONS......Page 432
28.1 THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PRESENT STUDY......Page 434
28.2 SYR AND THE TEXTUAL HISTORY OF SIRACH......Page 435
28.3 THE RELIGIOUS PROFILE OF SYR......Page 436
28.4 THE MODEL OF THE COMPUTER-ASSISTED ANALYSIS......Page 437
28.5 PHRASE STRUCTURE......Page 438
28.6 CLAUSE STRUCTURE......Page 444
28.7 TEXT HIERARCHY......Page 449
28.8 THE LINGUISTIC PROFILE OF SYR......Page 450
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 452
INDEX OF PASSAGES......Page 473
INDEX OF AUTHORS......Page 487