Language and Identity in Ancient Narratives: The Relationship between Speech Patterns and Social Context in the Acts of the Apostles, Acts of John, ... Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2. Reihe)

Cover
Preface
Table of Contents
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction
	1. Asking Sociolinguistic Questions of Ancient Texts
	2. Variation in Speech
		2.1. “Audience Design”
		2.2. “Acts of Identity” and Targeting
		2.3. Other Contextual Factors
		2.4. Embracing Complexity
	3. The Texts
		3.1. Selection of Texts
		3.2. Basing Linguistic Analysis on Single Manuscripts
	4. Linguistic and Social Variables Examined
		4.1. Linguistic Variables
		4.2. Social Variables
			“Christian” Status
			“Gentile-Jewish” Identity
	5. Subsidiary Benefits of Asking Sociolinguistic Questions
		5.1. Social Dynamics
		5.2. Themes and “Theological” Viewpoints
		5.3. Characterization
		5.4. Narratees and Intended Audience
	6. Addressing “Why” Questions
		6.1. Insights from Communication Accommodation Theory
		6.2. Other Approaches to “Why” Questions
	7. Orthographic Conventions
	8. Monograph Outline
Chapter 2: Speech Patterns and Social Context in the Acts of the Apostles
	1. The Text
		1.1. Earliest Versions of ActsAp
		1.2. Basing Linguistic Analysis on a Single Manuscript
	2. Structure of the Chapter
	3. Dynamics of Christian Identity
	4. “Jewish” and Christian Identities
	5. References to Jesus and the Christians’ God
		5.1. Modification of θεός, “God”
			Inter-Christian Dialogue
			Christians Addressing Non-Christian Jews
			Christians Addressing Non-Christian Gentiles
			Summary: Modification of θεός, “God”
		5.2. Jesus and the Christians’ God as κύριος, “Lord”
			“The Lord Jesus (Messiah)”
			References to “the Lord” in Inter-Christian Dialogue
			References to “the Lord” by Christians Addressing Non-Christian Jews
			References to “the Lord” by Christians Addressing Non-Christian Gentiles
			Summary: Jesus and the Christians’ God as κύριος, “Lord”
		5.3. “Jesus (Messiah) of Nazareth”
		5.4. “The Messiah” and “Jesus Messiah”
		5.5. References to Jesus: Overview
			Inter-Christian Dialogue
			Christians Addressing Non-Christian Jews
			Christians Addressing Non-Christian Gentiles
		5.6. References to Jesus and the Christians’ God by Non-Christian Speakers
			References to Jesus
			References to the Jewish/Christian God
		5.7. References to Jesus and the Christians’ God: Conclusion
		5.8. Excursus: References to Jesus and the Christians’ God in Other Versions of ActsAp
	6. Plural Forms of Address
		6.1. Inter-Christian Dialogue
		6.2. Christians Addressing Non-Christian Jews
		6.3. Christians Addressing Non-Christian Gentiles
		6.4. Plural Forms of Address by Non-Christian Speakers
		6.5. Summary: Plural Forms of Address
	7. Reading the Narrative in Light of Sociolinguistic Relationships
		7.1. Social Dynamics
		7.2. Themes and Theological Viewpoints
		7.3. Characterization
		7.4. Narratee(s) and Intended Audience
	8. Conclusion
Chapter 3: Speech Patterns and Social Context in the Acts of John
	1. The Text
		1.1. Manuscript Tradition
		1.2. Earliest Versions of AJ
	2. Structure of the Chapter
	3. Dynamics of Christian Identity
	4. Conversion of Cleopatra and Lycomedes
	5. Conversion at the Temple of Artemis
	6. References to Jesus/God
		6.1. References to Jesus/God by John: Present, Living, Human Addressees
		6.2. “We,” “My,” and “Your” in AJᴿᶻ
			“We”
			“My” in Reference to Third Parties
			“My” and “Your” in Reference to Self or Addressee
		6.3. References to Jesus/God by Other Speakers: Present, Living, Human Addressees
		6.4. References to Jesus/God: Addressees who are Not Present, Not Living, and/or Not Human
		6.5. Prayer Language
		6.6. Summary: References to Jesus/God in AJᴿᶻ
		6.7. Excursus: “My God,” “My Lord,” and “Your God” in Other Versions of AJ
	7. Forms of Address
		7.1. Plural Forms of Address
		7.2. Singular Forms of Address
	8. Reading the Narrative in Light of Sociolinguistic Relationships
		8.1. Social Dynamics
		8.2. Themes and Theological Viewpoints
		8.3. Characterization
		8.4. Narratees and Intended Audience
	9. Conclusion
Chapter 4: Speech Patterns and Social Context in the Acts of Philip
	1. The Text
		1.1. Manuscripts of APh
		1.2. Compositional Processes
		1.3. Earliest Versions of APh
	2. Structure of the Chapter
	3. Remark: Jesus/God
	4. Acts of Philip 3 and 4
		4.1. APhᴬ 3
			Dynamics of Christian identity in APhᴬ 3
			References to Jesus/God in APhᴬ 3
		4.2. APhᴬ 4
			Dynamics of Christian Identity in APhᴬ 4
			References to Jesus/God in APhᴬ 4
		4.3. Summary and Remarks
		4.4. Narratees and Intended Audience
			APhᴬ 3
			APhᴬ 4
	5. Acts of Philip 5–7
		5.1. Dynamics of Christian Identity
		5.2. Christian Status of Nerkella and Artemilla
		5.3. “Jewish” in APhᴬ 5–7
		5.4. References to Philip
		5.5. References to Jesus/God
			References to Jesus/God by Philip
			References to Jesus/God by Non-Christians and Emerging Christians (Not “Jews”)
			References to Jesus/God by “Jews”
			References to Jesus/God by Ireos
			Summary: References to Jesus/God in APhᴬ 5–7
		5.6. Narratees and Intended Audience
	6. Acts of Philip 8–15 and Martyrdom
		6.1. Dynamics of Christian Identity
			“Belief”
			Associating with the Apostles
			“Self-control”
			Baptism
			Healing, Prayer, “Amen”
			Christian Status of Stachys
		6.2. References to the Apostles
		6.3. References to Jesus/God and Forms of Address
			APhᴬ 13–15
			Martyrdom
			“Brothers”
			“Jesus of Nazareth” and “Hebrew” Identity
			Summary and Remarks
		6.4. Narratees and Intended Audience
	7. Acts of Philip 1
		7.1. Dynamics of Christian Identity
			Narrative Frame
			Tour of Hell
		7.2. References to Jesus/God
			Narrative Frame
			Tour of Hell
		7.3. Narratees and Intended Audience
	8. Linguistic Indications of Being a Collected Narrative
		8.1. Direct Speech
			References to Philip and the Apostles
			References to Jesus/God
		8.2. Narration
			References to Philip
			References to Jesus/God
		8.3. Summary and Remarks
	9. Reading the Narrative in Light of Sociolinguistic Relationships
		9.1. Social Dynamics
		9.2. Themes and Theological Viewpoints
		9.3. Characterization
		9.4. Narratees and Intended Audience
	10. Conclusion
Chapter 5: Conclusion
	1. Highlights from the Case Studies
		1.1. Acts of the Apostles (ActsApᴮ)
		1.2. Acts of John (AJᴿᶻ)
		1.3. Acts of Philip (APhᴬ)
	2. Implications of Similarities between the Traditions
		2.1. Similarities
		2.2. Methodological Implications of Similarities
	3. Implications of Differences between the Traditions
		3.1. Differences
		3.2. Methodological Implications of Differences
	4. Extrapolating from Ancient Texts to Spoken Conversation
	5. Directions for Future Research
	6. Conclusion
Appendix A: References to Jesus and to the Christians’ God in the Acts of the Apostles (ActsApB)
	1. Narrator
		“God”
		“Lord”
		“Jesus”
		“Messiah”
		Combined Terms
	2. Christian Speakers
		Christian Groups
		The Twelve
		Peter
		Peter and John
		Peter and the Apostles
		Paul
		Paul and Barnabas
		Paul and Silas
		Stephen
		Jerusalem Council
		James
		Ananias
		Lydia
	3. Non-Christian Jewish Speakers
		Pentecost Crowd
		Gamaliel
		High Priest
		Witnesses in Jerusalem
		Jews
		Jewish Exorcists
	4. Non-Christian Gentile Speakers
		Cornelius’ Envoys
		Cornelius
		Slave Girl
		Festus
	5. Other Speakers
		Jews and/or Mob of Thessolonica
		Samaritans
		Jesus
		Voice
		Angels
		Evil Spirit
	6. Citations
Appendix B: Plural Forms of Address in the Acts of the Apostles (ActsApB)
	1. Christian Speakers
		Peter
		The Twelve
		Stephen
		Paul
		Paul and Barnabas
		James
	2. Other Speakers
		Pentecost Crowd
		Gamaliel
		Synagogue Leaders in Pisidian Antioch
		Jews in the Temple
		Demetrius
		Jailor
		Town Clerk
		Gallio
		Festus
		Angel
		Moses (Citation by Stephen)
Appendix C: References to Jesus/God in the Acts of John (AJᴿᶻ)
	1. Third Person References to Jesus/God
		Narrator
		John
			A. With Addressees who are Present Living Humans
			B. With Addressees who are Not Present Living Humans
			C. In Prayer
		Lycomedes
		Cleobius, Aristodemus, and Damonicus
		Aristarchus
		John’s Travelling Companions
		Ephesians
		Murdered Father
		Parricide
		Delegates from Smyrna
		Andronicus
		Drusiana
		Callimachus
		Heavenly Voice
	2. Forms of Address for Jesus/God
		John
		Drusiana
Appendix D: Forms of Address in the Acts of John (AJᴿᶻ)
	1. Singular Forms of Address
		John
		Lycomedes
		Cleopatra
		Ephesians
		Priest’s Relative
		Murdered Father
		Andronicus
		Callimachus
		Drusiana
		Heavenly Voice
		Unidentified Figure
		Beautiful Young Man
		Jesus
	2. Plural Forms of Address
		John
Appendix E: References to Jesus/God in the Acts of Philip (APhᴬ)
	1. Acts of Philip 1
		Narrator
		Philip
		Widow
		Young Man
		Young Man (Dead)
		Non-Christians (Living)
		Non-Christians (Dead)
		Undetermined Speakers (in Tour)
		Archangel Michael
		Angel
	2. Acts of Philip 3
		Narrator
		Philip
	3. Acts of Philip 4
		Narrator
		Philip
		John
		People of Azotus
		Charitine
		Demons
	4. Acts of Philip 5–7
		Narrator
		Philip
		Ministry Colleagues
		Nikaterans
		Ireos
		Nerkella
		Artemilla
		Theophilus
		Theophilus’ Parents
		Aristarchus
		“Jews”
	5. Acts of Philip 8ff.
		Narrator
		Philip
		Philip and Bartholomew
		Staychus
		People of the City
		Nicanora
		Mariamne
		Bartholomew
		Jesus, in the Form of Philip
		Demons
		Dragon
		Leopard
		Leopard and Goat Kid
Appendix F: References to Philip and the Apostles in the Acts of Philip (APhᴬ)
	1. Acts of Philip 1
		Narrator
		Young Man (Living)
		Archangel Michael
		Young Man (Dead)
	2. Acts of Philip 3
		Narrator
	3. Acts of Philip 4
		Narrator
		People of Azotus
	4. Acts of Philip 5–7
		Narrator
		Nikaterans
		Ireos
		Nerkella
		Artemilla
		Onesimus
		Theophilus
		Theophilus’ Parents
		Nereus
		Aristarchus
		“Jews”
	5. Acts of Philip 8ff.
		Narrator
			A. References to Philip
			B. References to the apostles
		Stachys
		Stachys’ Children
		Nicanora’s Servants
		Nicanora
		People of the City
		Tyrannognophos
		Priests
		John
		Leopard and goat kid
Bibliography
Index of Ancient Sources
	Gospels
	Acts of the Apostles
	Acts of John
	Acts of Philip
	Other Ancient Sources
Index of Modern Authors
Index of Subjects