Land Expropriation in Ancient Rome and Contemporary Zimbabwe: Veterans, Masculinity and War

Cover
Halftitle page
Series page
Title page
Copyright page
Dedication
Contents
Figures
Foreword
Prolegomenon
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
1 General Introduction
	Introduction
	The comparative methodology
	The concept of masculinity as a unit of comparison in the present study
	The concept of masculinity: A description
	Masculinity, culture and biology
	Practice theory
	Roman historical and literary sources
	A mosaicist approach
	Conclusion
2 Ancient Rome and Africa: Background and Differences
	Introduction
	Ancient Rome: A background
	Zimbabwe: A background
	The term ‘veteran’: Ancient Rome
	The Zimbabwean concept of ‘veteran’
	Difference in the significance of the ‘veteran’
	The two worlds of veterans
	A Roman ‘colonial masculinity’ in Zimbabwe
	‘Colonial masculinity’ and expropriation
	The two military traditions
	Manoeuvring of dead bodies, bones and scars
	Veterans, masculinity and spirituality
	A ‘female masculinity’ in land struggles
	Conclusion
3 Land Ownership, Masculinity and War
	Introduction
	Male power, land and a ‘masculinity of the polis’
	An adult-masculinity, land ownership and dispossession: A Roman perspective
	Masculinity, land ownership and dispossession: Transcultural perspectives
	Dio Cass. 38.17-18
	Honour and heroicized masculinities
	Heroism, entitlement and expropriation
	Conclusion
4 Warfare-madness, Violence and Expropriation
	Introduction
	Combat qualities
	The notions of intentio and ferocia as reflected among Zimbabwean veterans
	Wantonness and madness among Zimbabwean war veterans
	A ‘madness’ of warfare in ancient Roman texts
	Sex, rape and the desecration of temples in Lucan (Luc. 5.305-308)
	Conclusion
5 Veterans and the Prize of Valour: Masculinity and the Homosocial Strategy
	Introduction
	Defining homosociality and hegemonic masculinity
	Homosociality and hegemonic masculinity: The Zimbabwean context
	Homosociality and hegemonic masculinity: The Roman context
	Homosociality, land and the Roman army
	Vertical and lateral masculinities
	Ruptures
	Violent, oratorical and reasoned masculinities in struggles for rewards
	Conclusion
6 The Deployment of the Veteran’s Body: Masculinity, Disorder and Violent Expropriation
	Introduction
	The veteran’s body and the practice of masculinity
	The making of a veteran’s body
	The ‘body’ as a focal point of analysis
	Appeal to a soldier’s experiences and sufferings
	Physical invasion of land, violence and disorder
	Physical space and political order
	The exertion of military force
	Conclusion
7 Veterans and ‘Spatial Masculinities’
	Introduction
	Veterans and political space
	Massing of veterans in the city
	The spectacle
	Military fatigues and paraphernalia
	War veterans and society: A refined/intellectual masculinity vs a violent masculinity
		a) The Zimbabwean context
		b) An embodied rhetoric of masculinity: The sons of Roman centurions and the sons of Zimbabwe’s guerrilla veterans
	Non-veteran, land/corn struggles and the political fields
	The cura annonae and the politics of violent mobs
	The senate vs populares
	Pompey vs Caesar
	Octavian vs Sextus Pompey
	The case of Africa and Zimbabwe
	Conclusion
8 Concluding Remarks
Notes
Bibliography
Index of Greek and Roman Passages Discussed
General Index