Land and Livelihoods in Neoliberal India

Preface and Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction: The Political Economy Land and Livelihoods in Contemporary India
	1 Introduction
	2 Land Questions Under Neoliberalism
	3 The Land and Livelihoods Questions in Neoliberal India: Major Debates
		3.1 Land Reforms
		3.2 Land Acquisition and Dispossession
		3.3 Gender and Land Rights
		3.4 Agrarian Crisis
		3.5 Land and Livelihoods Diversification
	4 The Organisation of the Book
	5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 2: Land Titling or Land Reforms: India’s Policy Dilemma
	1 The Context: Land Reform to a Secure Property Rights in Land
	2 The World Bank’s Advocacy for Land Titling
	3 Demand for Land Reforms and Their Relevance
	4 Relevance of Land Reforms Agenda
	5 Gender Issues and Land
	6 Left-Wing Extremism and Tribal Land Questions
	7 Tribal Land Rights in the Northeast
	8 Towards Legalising Tenancy
	9 A Contested Transformation
	10 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3: Ownership Versus Control: The Changing Dynamics of Land Use in Liberalised Agricultural Context of India
	1 Introduction: Control Versus Ownership of Land
	2 Nature and Dynamics of Tenancy
	3 Tenancy and State Policy
		3.1 Proposed Land Leasing Act and Issues
	4 Conclusion and Policy Issues
	References
Chapter 4: Contextualizing Land Question in a Green Revolution Area: Agrarian Transformation and Politics in Western Uttar Pradesh
	1 Introduction
	2 Conceptual Issues
	3 Agrarian Transformation in Western UP and Land Question (The New Land Grabbers)
	4 Neoliberal Agenda and Regimes’ Land Acquisition Policies in Western UP
		4.1 Government-Business Nexus and Land Acquisition
	5 Blaming and Counter-Blaming: The Politics of Land Acquisition
	6 Politics on Cases of Land Acquisition
		6.1 Political Responses to SEZ in Dadri
		6.2 Three Agitations Against YEW and Mega City Project: Bajna, Tappal and Bhatta-Parsaul
	References
Chapter 5: Landowners as Non-farm Workers: A Case of Small Farmer Migrants in Karnataka
	1 Introduction
	2 Farmers in Transition: Existing Studies
	3 Migration in Karnataka: A Brief History
	4 Prevalent Pattern of Farmer Migration in Karnataka
	5 Identifying Farmer Migrants: Methods and Tools
	6 What We Found: Results and Discussion
		6.1 Who Migrates?
		6.2 Where Do They Go?
		6.3 How Is the Decision to Migrate Taken?
		6.4 How Do Farmer Migrants Feel in Their New Place and Occupation?
		6.5 Financial Status of Farmer Migrants: Income, Expenses, Loans and Small Capital
		6.6 Small Farmer Migrants and Their Village Connect
		6.7 Social Networks and Small Farmer Migrants
	7 Migration of Small Farmers in Karnataka: Emerging Pointers
	References
Chapter 6: Globalising Agrarian Markets and Changing Production Relations: Village-Level Evidence from India
	1 Agriculture in Rajasthan
	2 Introduction to the Study Village
	3 Land Ownership Pattern in 2007
	4 Tenancy Pattern in 2007
	5 Changes in Landownership Pattern 2013
	6 Changes in Prices and Cropping Pattern in 2013
	7 Changes in Tenancy Pattern in 2013
	8 Emergence of New Social Problem
	9 Discussions and Conclusions
	References
Chapter 7: Land, Caste and Class in Rural West Bengal
	1 Land, Landed Class and Caste
	2 Land, Peasantry and the Dominant Caste
	3 Landlessness, Employment and the Subordinate Castes
	References
Chapter 8: Agricultural Land Markets in India: A Case of Maharashtra
	1 Introduction
	2 Data and Methodology
	3 The Plan of the Study
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Operation of Market for Agricultural Land Sale
			4.1.1	 Extent of Sale
		4.2 Prices and Income/Returns of Agricultural Land
	5 Profile of Agents
		5.1 Profile of Sellers
		5.2 Profile of Buyers
	6 Reasons of Agricultural Land Sale Transactions and Prices
		6.1 Households’ Reason for Land Transactions
			6.1.1	 Reasons to Sell
			6.1.2	 Reasons to Buy
		6.2 Endogenous Reasons
		6.3 Institutional Reasons
			6.3.1	 Land–Man Ratio
			6.3.2	 Reasons of Skewed Growth and Rise of Non-Cultivating Households
			6.3.3	 Spread Effects
			6.3.4	 Interplay of Multiple Reasons
	7 Implications of Agricultural Land Sale Markets and Prices
		7.1 Changes in Buyers Profile, Reasons to buy and Equity Issues
		7.2 Changes in Transaction Cost and Middle Men
			7.2.1	 Changes in Type of Cultivation of Purchased Land
		7.3 Emergence of Non-cultivating Big Land Owners
	8 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 9: Dispossession, Neoliberal Urbanism and Societal Transformation: Insight into Rajarhat New Township in West Bengal
	1 Introduction
	2 Data, Sample Design and Methodology
	3 Context: Planned Urban Centre in Rural Rajarhat, West Bengal
	4 Land Dispossession and the Changing Agrarian Status
	5 Land Dispossession and the Changing Livelihood of the Dispossessed Households
	6 Dispossessed Vis-`a-Vis Unaffected Farming Households: A Longitudinal Profile of Household Consumption
	7 Real Estate Intervention, Changing Land Market and the Changing Social Scenario
	8 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 10: Land, Labour and Industrialisation in Rural and Urban Areas: A Case Study of Reliance SEZ in Gujarat
	1 The Context
	2 Morphology of SEZs in India
	3 The Land Question and the SEZs
	4 Performance of SEZs: The Unfulfilled Promises
	5 Findings from a Field Re-survey: A Study of Reliance SEZ in Jamnagar
		5.1 Why Did We Study the Jamnagar SEZ?
		5.2 Why Re-survey?
		5.3 Recapitulating the Earlier Results
		5.4 What Did the Data Tell Us Now?
			5.4.1	 Shift in the Pattern of Land Holding
			5.4.2	 Changes in Occupational Profile Over Time
			5.4.3	 Positive Economic Impact on People
			5.4.4	 Negative Socio-Economic Impact of SEZ
			5.4.5	 Impact of Change and Inter-State Migrants
	6 Concluding Observations
	Annexure 1
		Advantages of Operating in an SEZ
	Annexure 2
		Classification of SEZs
	Annexure 3
		Fact Sheet on Special Economic Zones
	References
Chapter 11: Neoliberal Governing as Production of Fantasy: Contemporary Transformations in Ahmedabad’s Landscape
	1 Sabarmati Riverfront Development
	2 GIFT City
	3 Smart Cities Mission
		3.1 Planning as Production of Neoliberal Fantasy
	References
Chapter 12: The Expressway to Agra—Two Roads, Same Destination: Land Acquisition under Old and New Land Acquisition Regimes
	1 Two Roads—Two Land Acquisition Regimes
	2 The Yamuna Expressway Study
		2.1 The Studied Area
		2.2 The Yamuna Expressway
		2.3 Main Findings
	3 The Greenfield Expressway Study
		3.1 The Greenfield Expressway
		3.2 The Studied Area
		3.3 Main Findings
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Chapter 13: LARR 2013: What Does It Deliver?
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 From Independence to 1991
	4 The Post-Liberalization Period
	5 LARR 2013
	6 Compensation and Rehabilitation and Resettlement Issues in LARR 2013
	7 Post-LARR 2013 Events
	8 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 14: Land Issues and Liberalisation in Northeast India
	1 Immigration and Land in the Northeast
		1.1 Immigration and Land in Assam
		1.2 Land and Conflicts in the Rest of the Northeast
		1.3 Immigration, Land and Conflicts
	2 Development and the Role of Land Laws
		2.1 DID in the Northeast
		2.2 DID and the Law in the Northeast
	3 Liberalisation and the Northeast
		3.1 The NEP-Based Thrust
		3.2 The Impact of Land Takeover
		3.3 A Way Out
	4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 15: The Gendered Transformation of Land Rights and Feminisation of Hill Agriculture in Arunachal Pradesh: Insights from Field Survey
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Base and Methodology for the Study
	3 Transformation of Land Rights and Changing Property Rights Structures
	4 Women and Work in Arunachal Pradesh: The Changing Scenario
		4.1 Workforce Participation Rate
		4.2 Labour Force Participation Rates
		4.3 Changes in Workforce Structure
		4.4 Status of Employment
	5 Gendered Dispossession and Feminisation of Hill Agriculture
	6 Conclusion
	References
Index