Kotlin Programming: The Big Nerd Ranch Guide

Title Page
Dedication
Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
Introducing Kotlin
	Why Kotlin?
	Who Is This Book For?
	How to Use This Book
		For the More Curious
		Challenges
		Typographical conventions
		Using an eBook
	Looking Forward
I. Getting Started
	1. Your First Kotlin Application
		Installing IntelliJ IDEA
		Your First Kotlin Project
			Creating your first Kotlin file
			Running your Kotlin file
				Compilation and execution of Kotlin/JVM code
		The Kotlin REPL
		For the More Curious: Why Use IntelliJ?
		For the More Curious: Targeting the JVM
		Challenge: REPL Arithmetic
	2. Variables, Constants, and Types
		Types
		Declaring a Variable
		Kotlin’s Built-In Types
		Read-Only Variables
		Type Inference
		Compile-Time Constants
		Inspecting Kotlin Bytecode
		For the More Curious: Java Primitive Types in Kotlin
		Challenge: hasSteed
		Challenge: The Unicorn’s Horn
		Challenge: Magic Mirror
II. Basic Syntax
	3. Conditionals
		if/else Statements
			Adding more conditions
			Nested if/else statements
			More elegant conditionals
				Logical operators
				Conditional expressions
				Removing braces from if/else expressions
		Ranges
		when Expressions
			when expressions with variable declarations
			when expressions without arguments
		Challenge: Trying Out Some Ranges
	4. Functions
		Extracting Code to Functions
		Anatomy of a Function
			Function header
				Visibility modifier
				Function name declaration
				Function parameters
				Function return type
			Function body
			Function scope
		Calling a Function
		Writing Your Own Functions
		Default Arguments
		Single-Expression Functions
		Unit Functions
		Named Function Arguments
		For the More Curious: The Nothing Type
		For the More Curious: File-Level Functions in Java
		For the More Curious: Function Overloading
		For the More Curious: Function Names in Backticks
	5. Numbers
		Numeric Types
		Integers
		Floating Point Numbers
		Formatting a Double
		Converting Between Numeric Types
		For the More Curious: Unsigned Numbers
		For the More Curious: Bit Manipulation
	6. Strings
		String Interpolation
		Raw Strings
		Reading Console Input
		Converting Strings to Numbers
		Regular Expressions
		String Manipulation
			Strings are immutable
		String Comparison
		For the More Curious: Unicode
	7. Null Safety and Exceptions
		Nullability
		Kotlin’s Explicit Null Type
		Compile Time vs Runtime
		Null Safety
			Option one: checking for null values with an if statement
			Option two: the safe call operator
				Option two and a half: using safe calls with let
				The null coalescing operator
			Option three: the non-null assertion operator
		Exceptions
			Throwing an exception
			Handling exceptions
			Try/catch expressions
		Preconditions
		For the More Curious: Custom Exceptions
		For the More Curious: Checked vs Unchecked Exceptions
III. Introduction to Functional Programming and Collections
	8. Lambda Expressions and the Function Type
		Introducing NyetHack
		Anonymous Functions
		Lambda Expressions
			The function type
			Implicit returns
			Function arguments
			The it identifier
			Accepting multiple arguments
		Type Inference Support
		More Effective Lambdas
		Defining a Function That Accepts a Function
			Trailing lambda syntax
		Function Inlining
		Lambdas and the Kotlin Standard Library
		For the More Curious: Function References
		For the More Curious: Capturing Lambdas
		Challenge: New Titles and Moods
	9. Lists and Sets
		Lists
			Accessing a list’s elements
				Index boundaries and safe index access
				Checking the contents of a list
			Changing a list’s contents
		Iteration
		Reading a File into a List
		Destructuring
		Sets
			Creating a set
			Adding elements to a set
		while Loops
		Collection Conversion
		For the More Curious: Array Types
		For the More Curious: Read-Only vs Immutable
		For the More Curious: The break Expression
		For the More Curious: Return Labels
		Challenge: Formatted Tavern Menu
		Challenge: Advanced Formatted Tavern Menu
	10. Maps
		Creating a Map
		Accessing Map Values
		Adding Entries to a Map
		Modifying Map Values
		Converting Between Lists and Maps
		Iterating Through a Map
		Challenge: Complex Orders
	11. Functional Programming Basics
		Transforming Data
			map
			associate
			Destructuring with functional programming
			flatMap
				map vs flatMap
		Filtering Data
			filter
		Combining Data
			zip
		Why Functional Programming?
		Sequences
		For the More Curious: Profiling
		For the More Curious: Aggregating Data
			reduce
			fold
			sumBy
		For the More Curious: The vararg Keyword
		For the More Curious: Arrow.kt
		Challenge: Reversing the Values in a Map
		Challenge: Finding the Most-Liked Menu Item
	12. Scope Functions
		apply
		let
		run
		with
		also
		takeIf
		Using Scope Functions
IV. Object-Oriented Programming
	13. Classes
		Defining a Class
		Constructing Instances
		Class Functions
		Visibility and Encapsulation
		Class Properties
			Property getters and setters
			Property visibility
			Computed properties
		Using Packages
		For the More Curious: A Closer Look at var and val Properties
		For the More Curious: Guarding Against Mutability
		For the More Curious: Package Private
	14. Initialization
		Constructors
			Primary constructors
			Defining properties in a primary constructor
			Secondary constructors
			Default arguments
			Named arguments
		Initializer Blocks
		Initialization Order
		Delaying Initialization
			Late initialization
			Lazy initialization
		For the More Curious: Initialization Gotchas
		For the More Curious: Property Delegates
		Challenge: The Riddle of Excalibur
	15. Inheritance
		Defining the Room Class
		Creating a Subclass
		Type Checking
		The Kotlin Type Hierarchy
			Type casting
			Smart casting
		Refactoring the Tavern
		For the More Curious: Any
		For the More Curious: The Safe Cast Operator
	16. Objects, Data Classes, and Enums
		The object Keyword
			Object declarations
			Object expressions
			Companion objects
		Nested Classes
		Data Classes
			toString
			equals and hashCode
			copy
			Destructuring declarations
		Enumerated Classes
		Operator Overloading
		Exploring the World of NyetHack
		For the More Curious: Defining Structural Comparison
		For the More Curious: Algebraic Data Types
		For the More Curious: Value Classes
		Challenge: More Commands
		Challenge: Implementing a World Map
		Challenge: Ring the Bell
	17. Interfaces and Abstract Classes
		Defining an Interface
		Implementing an Interface
		Default Implementations
		Abstract Classes
		Combat in NyetHack
		Challenge: Additional Monsters
V. Advanced Kotlin
	18. Generics
		Defining Generic Types
		Generic Functions
		Generic Constraints
		in and out
		Adding Loot to NyetHack
		For the More Curious: The reified Keyword
	19. Extensions
		Defining Extension Functions
			Defining an extension on a superclass
			Generic extension functions
			Operator extension functions
		Extension Properties
		Extensions on Nullable Types
		Extensions, Under the Hood
		Extension Visibility
		Extensions in the Kotlin Standard Library
		For the More Curious: Function Literals with Receivers
		Challenge: Frame Extension
	20. Coroutines
		Blocking Calls
		Enabling Coroutines
		Coroutine Builders
		Coroutine Scopes
		Structured Concurrency
		Using an HTTP Client
		async and await
		For the More Curious: Race Conditions
		For the More Curious: Server-Side Kotlin
		Challenge: No Cancellations
	21. Flows
		Setting Up a Flow
		MutableStateFlow
		Flow Termination
		Flow Transformations
		Error Handling in Flows
		For the More Curious: SharedFlow
	22. Channels
		Dividing Work with Channels
		Sending to a Channel
		Receiving from a Channel
		Closing a Channel
		Joining Jobs
		For the More Curious: Other Channel Behaviors
			Rendezvous channels
			Buffered channels
			Unlimited channels
			Conflated channels
VI. Interoperation and Multiplatform Applications
	23. Java Interoperability
		Interoperating with a Java Class
		Interoperability and Nullity
		Type Mapping
		Getters, Setters, and Interoperability
		Beyond Classes
		Exceptions and Interoperability
		Function Types in Java
	24. Introduction to Kotlin Multiplatform
		What Is Kotlin Multiplatform?
		Planning Your Multiplatform Project
		Your First Multiplatform Project
		Defining a Kotlin/JVM Target
		Defining Shared Code
		expect and actual
	25. Kotlin/Native
		Declaring a macOS Target
		Writing Native Code with Kotlin
		Launching a Kotlin/Native application
		Kotlin/Native Outputs
		For the More Curious: Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile
		For the More Curious: Other Native Platforms
	26. Kotlin/JS
		Declaring Support for Kotlin/JS
		Interacting with the DOM
		The external Keyword
		Executing Raw JavaScript
		Dynamic Types
		For the More Curious: Front-End Frameworks
		Challenge: Currency Exchange Fees
27. Afterword
	Where to Go from Here
	Shameless Plugs
	Thank You
Glossary
Index