Karl Marx's Theory of Revolution, Book I of Vol. I: The State and Bureaucracy

BOOK I
	Foreword
		1. Politics
		2. Class
		3. Marx
		4. Method
		5. Engels
		6. Format
		The scope of forthcoming volumes
	PART 1: THE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE YOUNG MARX
		1. The Democratic Extremist
			1. State and civil society in Hegelese
			2. The winds of freedom
			3. The “freedom of the press” articles
			4. The subject: democratic rights in general
			5. Marx rejects the liberal opposition
			6. Marx rejects the bourgeois approach to democracy
			7. Against bureaucratic state control of the mind
			8. Freedom means democratic control from below
			9. The dialectics of ends and means
			10. Not only with lances
			11. Through bourgeois democracy—and beyond
		2. The Political Apprentice
			1. The shift in orientation
			2. Wood theft and the state
			3. Through social reality to theory
		3. Emancipation from Hegel
			1. Inverting Hegel
			2. The state and private property
			3. The state and the bureaucracy
			4. Political lexicon: democracy
			5. The state and democracy
			6. Democracy and revolution
			7. The break with Hegel
		4. The New Direction
			1. Political lexicon: socialism and communism
			2. How to develop a movement program
			3. Toward the politicalization of socialism
		5. Implementing the New Direction
			1. The Jewish emancipation question
			2. Marx on Jewish emancipation
			3. Political emancipation as a stage
			4. “Human emancipation” as the end
			5. Bauer: round two
			6. Dissolving the Jew-Christian antithesis
			7. Third round with Bauer
		6. Orientation Toward the Proletariat
			1. Political lexicon: proletariat
			2. The ambiguity of pointing
			3. The road to the new orientation
			4. The impact of Paris
			5. “Practicals” and philosophers
			6. New concept of the universal class
			7. The proletariat as “universal class”
			8. Philosophy and the proletariat
		7. Toward a Theory of the Proletariat
			1. Engels’ contribution
			2. From Barmen to Manchester
			3. Reports from another world
			4. Engels’ first period in Manchester
			5. On Carlyle
			6. First step in political economy
			7. Enter: the class struggle
			8. New concept of alienated labor
		8. Toward a Class Theory of the State
			1. The shell of Hegelian state theory
			2. Breaking the shell
			3. Lightning flash from Silesia
			4. First reaction: antistatism
			5. Engels takes the lead
			6. Engels in Elberfeld
			7. Prelude in Brussels
			8. The first “Marxist” work
		9. Character and Revolution
			1. Of demons
			2. Of Siegfried and other heroes
			3. Of savior-rulers
			4. Of Prometheus and princes
			5. Of the servile state
			6. Of a thinker who dreams
		10. Toward the Principle of Self-Emancipation
			1. The Acherontie danger
			2. The education of Engels
			3. The active element of emancipation
			4. Elitism versus the masses
			5. Marx’s attack on philosophical elitism
			6. Sue’s Les Mystères de Paris
			7. The savior from above as despot
			8. The thesis on revolutionary practice
	PART II: THE THEORY OF THE STATE
		11. The State and Society
			1. Political and protopolitical authority
			2. The state separates out
			3. The state is not simply a class plot
			4. The state as superstructure
			5. Special characteristics of the state
			6. The state as class executive
			7. Subsidiary tasks of the state
			8. The class nature of the state
		12. The State in Practice: Methodsand Forms
			1. Substitutes for force, some examples
			2. Economic roots of bourgeois democracy
			3. Liberalization and constitutionalism
		13. The State and Democratic Forms
			1. Against “the old thesis”
			2. For revolution and democracy
			3. Free press and class struggle
			4. The maximization of democratic control
			5. Analysis of a constitution
			6. Minimization of the executive power
			7. Safety valves for the bourgeoisie
			8. The “democratic swindle”
			9. Toward the socialization of democracy
		14. The Tendency Toward State Autonomy
			1. Hypertrophy of the executive
			2. Autonomization of the executive
			3. The state as Caliban
			4. The political inaptitude of the capitalist class
			5. Consequences for the state
			6. The autonomized state in Germany
			7. The case of the English bourgeoisie
			8. “Beat me, daddy,” says the bourgeoisie
			9. Can the bourgeoisie do it?
BOOK II
	15. The Bonaparte Model
		1. The problem posed
		2. Bankruptcy of bourgeois liberalism
		3. The pattern of permanent counter-revolution
		4. State gigantism versus democracy
		5. The key to Bonapartism
		6. The auton-omized state and the classes
		7. Bonapartism: the class equilibrium
		8. Bonapartism: society in a plaster cast
	16. Bonapartism: The Bismarckian Extension
		1. Bismarck’s coup
		2. Engels’ first sketch
		3. The class shift
		4. Elements of Bonapartism
	17. Bonapartism and the “Progressive Despot”
		1. The Napoleonic state
		2. The littleness of Napoleon the Great
		3. The line of political opposition
		4. The case of Bolivar
	18. Bonapartism in Extremis
		1. Bonaparte’s “socialism”
		2. The Crédit Mobilier
		3. The state and “industrial feudalism”
		4. Toward a Bonapartist state economy?
		5. The autonomous economic policy
		6. What class supports the regime?
		7. “The Rule of the Pretorians”
		8. By the sword alone
		9. Limits of the Bonaparte model
	19. State Autonomy in Precapitalist Society
		1. The state that swallowed up society
		2. The fusion of politics and economics
		3. Private property under feudalism
		4. Absolute monarchy and state auton-omy
		5. Absolute monarchy: the down phase
		6. From absolutism to Bonapartism
	20. State Bureaucracy and Class
		l.The view from 1843
		2. The absolutist bureaucracy before 1848
		3. The test case of Friedrich Wilhelm IV
		4. The bureaucracy in bourgeois society
		5. The question of class provenance
		6. Caste or class?
		7. Bureaucratic hypertrophy
	21. Oriental Despotism: The Social Basis
		1. Marx starts with state property
		2. Looking to China-1850
		3. Scots and Taipings-1853
		4. Looking to India—1853
		5. The key to the Orient
		6. The village community as beehive
		7. Theory of precapitalist forms
		8. The “general slavery”
		9. The meaning qf the Asiatic mode
		10. The “archaic formation”
	22. Oriental Despotism: State and Bureaucracy
		1. The transition to the state
		2. The transition to a ruling class
		3. The tribute-collecting state
		4. Symbiosis: localism and Oriental despotism
		5. The case of Spain
		6. The tribute-collecting class
		7. The “political dependency relationship”
		8. Theocrats and priest rule
		9. The “innermost secret” of society and state
	23. Russian Czarism: State and Bureaucracy
		1. The Asiatic side
		2. The revolution from above
		3. The state breeds a capitalist class
		4. The role of the czarist bureaucracy
		5. The general theory of the state
APPENDICES
	Special Note A. Marx and the Economic-Jew Stereotype
		1. The pattern in Germany
		2. The universality of pixillation
		3. Roots of the economic Jew
		4. Ex post facto anti-Semitism
		5. How to manufacture anti-Semites
	Special Note B. Rhyme and Reason: The Content of Marx’s Juvenile Verse
	Special Note C. The State as Political Superstructure: Marx on Mazzini
	Special Note D. The “State Parasite” and the “Capitalist Vermin”
		1. In The. Eighteenth Brumaire
		2. In The Civil War in France
		3. “Parasitic” capitalism
	Special Note E. Oriental Despotism Before Marx: the Wittfogel Fable
		1. The contemporary issue
		2. Wittfogel’s claims
		3. The classical economists
		4. The dream of enlightened despotism
		5. Sinomania in Germany
		6. France: Voltaire to Quesnay
		7. Hegel and Oriental despotism
		8. Hegel to Marx
		9. Hess and Custine
		10. The image of the Oriental bureaucracy
	Special Note F. Oriental Despotism and Engels
Reference Notes
Bibliography (Works Cited)
Index