Judicial Council of California Civil Jury Instructions (CACI), 2009 Edition, Volumes I and II

Judicial Council of California Civil Jury Instructions (CACI), 2009 Edition, Volume I......Page 1
copyright......Page 2
Contents......Page 3
100 et seq.. Pretrial......Page 10
100. Preliminary Admonitions......Page 11
101. Overview of Trial......Page 15
102. Taking Notes During the Trial......Page 18
103. Superseded - See Supplement......Page 20
104. Nonperson Party......Page 21
105. Insurance......Page 22
106. Evidence......Page 24
107. Witnesses......Page 26
109. Removal of Claims or Parties......Page 31
110. Service Provider for Juror With Disability......Page 33
111. Instruction to Alternate Jurors......Page 35
112. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 37
200 et seq. Evidence......Page 40
200. Obligation to Prove—More Likely True Than Not True......Page 41
201. More Likely True—Clear and Convincing Proof......Page 43
202. Direct and Indirect Evidence......Page 45
203. Party Having Power to Produce Better Evidence......Page 47
204. Willful Suppression of Evidence......Page 48
205. Failure to Explain or Deny Evidence......Page 50
206. Evidence Admitted for Limited Purpose......Page 51
207. Evidence Applicable to One Party......Page 53
208. Deposition as Substantive Evidence......Page 54
209. Use of Interrogatories of a Party......Page 56
210. Requests for Admissions......Page 57
211. Prior Conviction of a Felony......Page 59
212. Statements of a Party Opponent......Page 60
213. Adoptive Admissions......Page 62
214. Admissions by Silence......Page 64
215. Exercise of a Communication Privilege......Page 67
216. Exercise of Witness’ Right Not to Testify......Page 69
217. Evidence of Settlement......Page 72
218. Statements Made to Physician (Previously ExistingCondition......Page 74
219. Expert Witness Testimony......Page 76
220. Experts—Questions Containing Assumed Facts......Page 78
221. Conflicting Expert Testimony......Page 80
222. Evidence of Sliding-Scale Settlement......Page 81
223. Opinion Testimony of Lay Witness......Page 83
224. Testimony of Child......Page 85
300 et seq. Contracts......Page 88
300. Breach of Contract—Introduction......Page 90
301. Third-Party Beneficiary......Page 92
302. Contract Formation—Essential Factual Elements......Page 95
303. Breach of Contract—Essential Factual Elements......Page 99
304. Oral or Written Contract Terms......Page 102
305. Implied-in-Fact Contract......Page 104
306. Unformalized Agreement......Page 106
307. Contract Formation—Offer......Page 108
308. Contract Formation—Revocation of Offer......Page 110
309. Contract Formation—Acceptance......Page 112
310. Contract Formation—Acceptance by Silence......Page 114
311. Contract Formation—Rejection of Offer......Page 116
312. Substantial Performance......Page 118
313. Modification......Page 121
314. Interpretation—Disputed Term......Page 123
315. Interpretation—Meaning of Ordinary Words......Page 125
316. Interpretation—Meaning of Technical Words......Page 127
317. Interpretation—Construction of Contract as a Whole......Page 128
318. Interpretation—Construction by Conduct......Page 129
319. Interpretation—Reasonable Time......Page 131
320. Interpretation—Construction Against Drafter......Page 133
321. Existence of Condition Precedent Disputed......Page 135
322. Occurrence of Agreed Condition Precedent......Page 137
323. Waiver of Condition Precedent......Page 139
324. Anticipatory Breach......Page 141
325. Breach of Covenant of Good Faith and Fair 
Dealing—Essential Factual Elements......Page 143
326. Assignment Contested......Page 146
327. Assignment Not Contested......Page 148
330. Affirmative Defense—Unilateral Mistake of Fact......Page 150
331. Affirmative Defense—Bilateral Mistake......Page 153
332. Affirmative Defense—Duress[......Page 155
333. Affirmative Defense—Economic Duress......Page 158
334. Affirmative Defense—Undue Influence......Page 160
335. Affirmative Defense—Fraud......Page 163
336. Affirmative Defense—Waiver......Page 166
337. Affirmative Defense—Novation......Page 168
338. Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations......Page 171
350. Introduction to Contract Damages......Page 173
351. Special Damages......Page 178
352. Loss of Profits—No Profits Earned......Page 181
353. Loss of Profits—Some Profits Earned......Page 184
354. Owner’s/Lessee’s Damages for Breach of Contract to Construct Improvements on Real Property......Page 188
355. Obligation to Pay Money Only......Page 191
356. Buyer’s Damages for Breach of Contract for Sale of Real Property......Page 193
357. Seller’s Damages for Breach of Contract to Purchase Real Property......Page 196
358. Mitigation of Damages......Page 199
359. Present Cash Value of Future Damages......Page 201
360. Nominal Damages......Page 203
361. Plaintiff May Not Recover Duplicate Contract and Tort Damages......Page 204
370. Common Count: Money Had and Received......Page 206
371. Common Count: Goods and Services Rendered......Page 209
372. Common Count: Open Book Account......Page 212
373. Common Count: Account Stated......Page 216
374. Common Count: Mistaken Receipt......Page 219
VF-300. Breach of Contract......Page 222
VF-301. Breach of Contract—Affirmative Defense—Unilateral Mistake of Fact......Page 225
VF-302. Breach of Contract—Affirmative Defense—Duress......Page 227
VF-303. Breach of Contract—Contract Formation at Issue......Page 229
400 et seq. Negligence......Page 232
400. Essential Factual Elements......Page 234
401. Basic Standard of Care......Page 236
402. Standard of Care for Minors......Page 238
403. Standard of Care for Physically Disabled Person......Page 240
404. Intoxication......Page 242
405. Plaintiff’s Contributory Negligence......Page 243
406. Apportionment of Responsibility......Page 245
407. Decedent’s Contributory Negligence......Page 249
408. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 251
409. Liability of Instructors, Trainers, or Coaches......Page 255
410. Parental Liability (Nonstatutory)......Page 258
411. Reliance on Good Conduct of Others......Page 261
412. Duty of Care Owed Children......Page 263
413. Custom or Practice......Page 265
414. Amount of Caution Required in Dangerous Situations......Page 267
415. Employee Required to Work in Dangerous Situations......Page 269
416. Amount of Caution Required in Transmitting Electric Power......Page 271
417. Special Doctrines: Res ipsa loquitur......Page 272
418. Presumption of Negligence per se......Page 276
419. Presumption of Negligence per se (Causation Only atIssue)......Page 279
420. Negligence per se: Rebuttal of the Presumption of Negligence (Violation Excused)......Page 281
421. Negligence per se: Rebuttal of the Presumption of Negligence (Violation of Minor Excused)......Page 283
422. Sale of Alcoholic Beverages to Obviously Intoxicated Minors (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 25602.1)......Page 285
423. Public Entity Liability for Failure to Perform Mandatory Duty......Page 288
424. Negligence Not Contested—Essential Factual Elements......Page 291
430. Causation: Substantial Factor......Page 296
431. Causation: Multiple Causes......Page 300
432. Causation: Third-Party Conduct as Superseding Cause......Page 302
433. Causation: Intentional Tort/Criminal Act as Superseding Cause......Page 306
434. Alternative Causation......Page 308
435. Causation for Asbestos-Related Cancer Claims......Page 310
450. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 313
451. Express Assumption of Risk......Page 316
452. Sudden Emergency......Page 319
453. Rescue......Page 321
454. Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations......Page 323
455. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 326
456. Defendant Estopped From Asserting Statute of Limitations Defense......Page 331
460. Strict Liability for Ultrahazardous Activities—Essential Factual Elements......Page 336
461. Strict Liability for Injury Caused by Wild Animal—Essential Factual Elements......Page 339
462. Strict Liability for Injury Caused by Domestic Animal With Dangerous Propensities—Essential Factual Elements......Page 341
463. Dog Bite Statute (Civ. Code, § 3342)—Essential Factual Elements......Page 344
VF-400. Negligence—Single Defendant......Page 347
VF-401. Negligence—Single Defendant—Plaintiff’s Negligence at Issue—Fault of Others Not at Issue......Page 349
VF-402. Negligence—Fault of Plaintiff and Others at Issue......Page 352
VF-403. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 356
VF-404. Liability of Instructors, Trainers, or Coaches......Page 358
VF-405. Parental Liability (Nonstatutory)......Page 360
VF-406. Negligence—Sale of Alcoholic Beverages toObviously Intoxicated Minor......Page 363
VF-407. Strict Liability—Ultrahazardous Activities......Page 366
VF-408. Strict Liability for Domestic Animal With Dangerous Propensities......Page 369
VF-409. Dog Bite Statute (Civ. Code, § 3342)......Page 372
VF-410. Statute of Limitations—Delayed Discovery—Reasonable Investigation Would Not HaveDisclosed Pertinent Facts......Page 374
500 et seq. Medical Negligence......Page 376
500. Essential Factual Elements......Page 378
501. Standard of Care for Health Care Professionals......Page 380
502. Standard of Care for Medical Specialists......Page 383
503A. Psychotherapist’s Duty to Protect Intended Victim From Patient’s Threat......Page 385
503B. Affirmative Defense—Psychotherapist’s Warning to Victim and Law Enforcement......Page 388
504. Standard of Care for Nurses......Page 390
505. Success Not Required......Page 392
506. Alternative Methods of Care......Page 394
507. Duty to Warn Patient......Page 396
508. Duty to Refer to a Specialist......Page 398
509. Abandonment of Patient......Page 399
510. Derivative Liability of Surgeon......Page 401
511. Wrongful Birth—Sterilization/Abortion—Essential Factual Elements......Page 404
512. Wrongful Birth—Essential Factual Elements......Page 406
513. Wrongful Life—Essential Factual Elements......Page 409
514. Duty of Hospital......Page 411
515. Duty of Hospital to Provide Safe Environment......Page 414
516. Duty of Hospital to Screen Medical Staff......Page 415
517. Affirmative Defense—Patient’s Duty to Provide for His or Her Own Well-Being......Page 416
518. Medical Malpractice: Res ipsa loquitur......Page 418
530A. Medical Battery......Page 423
530B. Medical Battery—Conditional Consent......Page 426
531. Consent on Behalf of Another......Page 428
532. Informed Consent—Definition......Page 430
533. Failure to Obtain Informed Consent—Essential FactualElements......Page 433
534. Informed Refusal—Definition......Page 435
535. Risks of Nontreatment—Essential Factual Elements......Page 437
550. Affirmative Defense—Plaintiff Would Have Consented......Page 439
551. Affirmative Defense—Waiver......Page 440
552. Affirmative Defense—Simple Procedure......Page 442
553. Affirmative Defense—Emotional State of Patient......Page 444
554. Affirmative Defense—Emergency......Page 446
VF-500. Medical Negligence......Page 448
VF-501. Medical Negligence—Informed Consent—Affirmative Defense—Plaintiff Would Have Consented Even If Informed......Page 450
VF-502. Medical Negligence—Informed Consent—Affirmative Defense—Emergency......Page 453
600 et seq. Professional Negligence......Page 456
600. Standard of Care......Page 457
601. Damages for Negligent Handling of Legal Matter......Page 461
602. Success Not Required......Page 463
603. Alternative Legal Decisions or Strategies......Page 465
604. Referral to Legal Specialist......Page 466
610. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 468
611. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 473
700 et seq. Motor Vehicles and Highway Safety......Page 478
700. Basic Standard of Care......Page 479
701. Definition of Right-of-Way......Page 481
702. Waiver of Right-of-Way......Page 483
703. Definition of “Immediate Hazard”......Page 484
704. Left Turns (Veh. Code, § 21801)......Page 486
705. Turning (Veh. Code, § 22107)......Page 488
706. Basic Speed Law (Veh. Code, § 22350)......Page 490
707. Speed Limit (Veh. Code, § 22352)......Page 492
708. Maximum Speed Limit (Veh. Code, §§ 22349, 22356)......Page 494
709. Driving Under the Influence (Veh. Code, §§ 23152,23153)......Page 495
710. Duties of Care for Pedestrians and Drivers......Page 497
711. The Passenger’s Duty of Care for Own Safety......Page 498
712. Affirmative Defense—Failure to Wear a Seat Belt......Page 500
720. Motor Vehicle Owner Liability—Permissive Use ofVehicle......Page 503
721. Motor Vehicle Owner Liability—Affirmative Defense—Use Beyond Scope of Permission......Page 508
722. Adult’s Liability for Minor’s Permissive Use of Motor Vehicle......Page 510
723. Liability of Cosigner of Minor’s Application for Driver’s License......Page 512
724. Negligent Entrustment of Motor Vehicle......Page 515
730. Emergency Vehicle Exemption (Veh. Code, § 21055)......Page 519
731. Definition of “Emergency” (Veh. Code, § 21055)......Page 523
VF-700. Motor Vehicle Owner Liability—Permissive Use of Vehicle......Page 525
VF-701. Motor Vehicle Owner Liability—Permissive Use of Vehicle—Affirmative Defense—Use Beyond Scope of Permission......Page 526
VF-702. Adult’s Liability for Minor’s Permissive Use of MotorVehicle......Page 528
VF-703. Liability of Cosigner of Minor’s Application for Driver’s License......Page 530
VF-704. Negligent Entrustment of Motor Vehicle......Page 533
800 et seq. Railroad Crossings......Page 536
800. Basic Standard of Care for Railroads......Page 537
801. Duty to Comply With Safety Regulations......Page 539
803. Regulating Speed......Page 541
804. Lookout for Crossing Traffic......Page 543
805. Installing Warning Systems......Page 545
806. Contributory Negligence—Duty to Approach Crossing With Care......Page 547
900 et seq. Common Carriers......Page 550
900. Introductory Instruction......Page 551
901. Status of Common Carrier Disputed......Page 553
902. Duty of Common Carrier......Page 556
903. Duty to Provide and Maintain Safe Equipment......Page 558
904. Duty of Common Carrier Toward Disabled/Infirm Passengers......Page 561
905. Duty of Common Carrier Toward Minor Passengers......Page 562
906. Duty of Passenger for Own Safety......Page 563
907. Status of Passenger Disputed......Page 564
908. Duty to Protect Passengers From Assault......Page 566
1000 et seq. Premises Liability......Page 568
1000. Essential Factual Elements......Page 569
1001. Basic Duty of Care......Page 571
1002. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 574
1003. Unsafe Conditions......Page 576
1004. Obviously Unsafe Conditions......Page 579
1005. Business Proprietor’s Liability for the Negligent/Intentional/Criminal Conduct of Others......Page 581
1006. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 584
1007. Sidewalk Abutting Property......Page 588
1008. Liability for Adjacent Altered Sidewalk—Essential Factual Elements......Page 589
1009A. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 591
1009B. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 594
1009C. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 597
1010. Affirmative Defense—Recreation Immunity (Civ. Code, § 846)......Page 600
1011. Constructive Notice Regarding Dangerous Conditions on Property......Page 605
1012. Knowledge of Employee Imputed to Owner......Page 608
VF-1000. Premises Liability—Comparative Negligence of Others Not at Issue......Page 610
VF-1001. Premises Liability—Affirmative Defense—Recreation Immunity......Page 612
VF-1002. Premises Liability—Contributory Negligence of Plaintiff at Issue......Page 615
1100 et seq. Dangerous Condition of Public Property......Page 618
1100. Dangerous Condition on Public Property—Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, § 835)......Page 619
1101. Control......Page 623
1102. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 625
1103. Notice (Gov. Code, § 835.2)......Page 628
1104. Inspection System (Gov. Code, § 835.2(b)(1) & (2))......Page 630
1110. Affirmative Defense—Natural Conditions (Gov. Code, § 831.2)......Page 632
1111. Affirmative Defense—Condition Created by Reasonable Act or Omission (Gov. Code, § 835.4(a))......Page 634
1112. Affirmative Defense—Reasonable Act or Omission to Correct (Gov. Code, § 835.4(b))......Page 637
1120. Failure to Provide Traffic Control Signals (Gov. Code, § 830.4)......Page 639
1121. Failure to Provide Traffic Warning Signals, Signs, or Markings (Gov. Code, § 830.8)......Page 641
1122. Affirmative Defense—Weather Conditions Affecting Streets and Highways (Gov. Code, § 831)......Page 643
1123. Loss of Design Immunity (Cornette)......Page 645
VF-1100. Dangerous Condition of Public Property......Page 648
VF-1101. Dangerous Condition of Public Property—Affirmative Defense—Reasonable Act or Omission (Gov. Code, § 835.4)......Page 651
1200 et seq. Products Liability......Page 656
1200. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 658
1201. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 660
1202. Strict Liability—“Manufacturing Defect” Explained......Page 663
1203. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 664
1204. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 667
1205. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 670
1206. Strict Liability—Failure to Warn—Products Containing Allergens (Not Prescription Drugs)—Essential Factual Elements......Page 675
1207. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 677
1220. Negligence—Essential Factual Elements......Page 680
1221. Negligence—Basic Standard of Care......Page 682
1222. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 685
1223. Negligence—Recall/Retrofit......Page 688
1224. Negligence—Negligence for Product Rental/Standard of Care......Page 690
1230. Express Warranty—Essential Factual Elements......Page 692
1231. Implied Warranty of Merchantability—Essential Factual Elements......Page 696
1232. Implied Warranty of Fitness for a Particular Purpose—Essential Factual Elements......Page 701
1233. Implied Warranty of Merchantability for Food—Essential Factual Elements......Page 704
1240. Affirmative Defense to Express Warranty—Not “Basis of Bargain”......Page 707
1241. Affirmative Defense—Exclusion or Modification of Express Warranty......Page 708
1242. Affirmative Defense—Exclusion of Implied Warranties......Page 710
1243. Notification/Reasonable Time......Page 713
1244. Affirmative Defense—Sophisticated User......Page 715
VF-1200. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 717
VF-1201. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 721
VF-1202. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 724
VF-1203. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 727
VF-1204. Products Liability—Negligence—Plaintiff’s Contributory Negligence at Issue......Page 730
VF-1205. Products Liability—Negligent Failure to Warn......Page 733
VF-1206. Products Liability—Express Warranty—Affirmative Defense—Not “Basis of Bargain”......Page 735
VF-1207. Products Liability—Implied Warranty of Merchantability—Affirmative Defense—Exclusion of Implied Warranties......Page 739
VF-1208. Products Liability—Implied Warranty of Fitness for a Particular Purpose......Page 742
1300 et seq. Assault and Battery......Page 746
1300. Battery—Essential Factual Elements......Page 747
1301. Assault—Essential Factual Elements......Page 750
1302. Consent Explained......Page 752
1303. Invalid Consent......Page 754
1304. Self-Defense/Defense of Others......Page 756
1305. Battery by Peace Officer......Page 758
1306. Sexual Battery—Essential Factual Elements......Page 761
1320. Intent......Page 764
1321. Transferred Intent......Page 765
VF-1300. Battery......Page 766
VF-1301. Battery—Self-Defense/Defense of Others at Issue......Page 769
VF-1302. Assault......Page 772
VF-1303. Battery by Peace Officer......Page 775
1400 et seq. False Imprisonment......Page 778
1400. Essential Factual Elements—No Arrest Involved......Page 779
1401. Essential Factual Elements—False Arrest Without Warrant by Peace Officer......Page 782
1402. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 784
1403. Essential Factual Elements—False Arrest Without Warrant by Private Citizen......Page 787
1404. False Arrest Without Warrant—Affirmative Defense—Private Citizen—Probable Cause to Arrest......Page 789
1405. Essential Factual Elements—False Arrest With Warrant......Page 791
1406. False Arrest With Warrant—Peace Officer—Affirmative Defense—“Good-Faith” Exception......Page 793
1407. Essential Factual Elements—Unnecessary Delay in Processing/Releasing......Page 795
1408. Affirmative Defense—Police Officer’s Lawful Authority to Detain......Page 798
1409. Common Law Right to Detain for Investigation......Page 800
VF-1400. False Imprisonment—No Arrest Involved......Page 802
VF-1401. False Imprisonment—No Arrest Involved—Affirmative Defense—Right to Detain for Investigation......Page 805
VF-1402. False Arrest Without Warrant......Page 808
VF-1403. False Arrest Without Warrant by Peace Officer—Affirmative Defense—Probable Cause to Arrest......Page 810
VF-1404. False Arrest Without Warrant by Private Citizen—Affirmative Defense—Probable Cause to Arrest......Page 813
VF-1405. False Arrest With Warrant......Page 816
VF-1406. False Arrest With Warrant—Peace Officer—Affirmative Defense—“Good-Faith” Exception......Page 819
VF-1407. False Imprisonment—Unnecessary Delay in Processing/Releasing......Page 822
1500 et seq. Malicious Prosecution......Page 826
1500. Former Criminal Proceeding......Page 827
1501. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 833
1502. Wrongful Use of Administrative Proceedings......Page 841
1503. Reasonable Grounds......Page 846
1504. Favorable Termination......Page 847
1505. Affirmative Defense—Reliance on Counsel......Page 848
1506. Public Entities and Employees (Gov. Code, § 821.6)......Page 849
1520. Abuse of Process—Essential Factual Elements......Page 851
VF-1500. Malicious Prosecution—Former Criminal Proceeding......Page 855
VF-1501. Malicious Prosecution—Wrongful Use of Civil Proceedings......Page 857
VF-1502. Malicious Prosecution—Wrongful Use of Civil Proceedings—Affirmative Defense—Reliance on Counsel......Page 859
VF-1503. Malicious Prosecution—Wrongful Use of Administrative Proceedings......Page 862
VF-1504. Abuse of Process......Page 865
1600 et seq
. Emotional Distress......Page 868
1600. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Essential Factual Elements......Page 869
1601. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Fear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS......Page 872
1602. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—“Outrageous Conduct” Defined......Page 875
1603. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—“Reckless Disregard” Defined......Page 877
1604. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—“Severe Emotional Distress” Defined......Page 879
1605. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Affirmative Defense—Privileged Conduct......Page 881
1620. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Direct Victim—Essential Factual Elements......Page 883
1621. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Bystander—Essential Factual Elements......Page 886
1622. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Fear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS......Page 889
1623. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Fear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS—Malicious, Oppressive, or Fraudulent Conduct......Page 892
VF-1600. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress......Page 896
VF-1601. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Affirmative Defense—Privileged Conduct......Page 899
VF-1602. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Fear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS......Page 902
VF-1603. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Direct Victim......Page 905
VF-1604. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Bystander......Page 907
VF-1605. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Fear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS......Page 910
VF-1606. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Fear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS—Malicious, Oppressive, or Fraudulent Conduct......Page 913
1700 et seq. Defamation......Page 916
1700. Defamation per se—Essential Factual Elements (Public Officer/Figure and Limited Public Figure)......Page 917
1701. Defamation per quod—Essential Factual Elements (Public Officer/Figure and Limited Public Figure)......Page 924
1702. Defamation per se—Essential Factual Elements (Private Figure—Matter of Public Concern)......Page 928
1703. Defamation per quod—Essential Factual Elements (Private Figure—Matter of Public Concern)......Page 933
1704. Defamation per se—Essential Factual Elements (Private Figure—Matter of Private Concern)......Page 937
1705. Defamation per quod—Essential Factual Elements (Private Figure—Matter of Private Concern)......Page 941
1706. Definition of Statement......Page 945
1707. Fact Versus Opinion......Page 947
1708. Coerced Self-Publication......Page 949
1720. Affirmative Defense—Truth......Page 951
1721. Affirmative Defense—Consent......Page 952
1722. Retraction: Newspaper or Broadcast (Civ. Code, § 48a)......Page 953
1723. Qualified Privilege (Civ. Code, § 47(c))......Page 956
VF-1700. Defamation per se (Public Officer/Figure and Limited Public Figure)......Page 958
VF-1701. Defamation per quod (Public Officer/Figure and Limited Public Figure)......Page 961
1800 et seq. Right of Privacy......Page 982
1800. Intrusion Into Private Affairs......Page 983
1801. Public Disclosure of Private Facts......Page 986
1802. False Light......Page 990
1803. Appropriation of Name or Likeness......Page 994
1804A. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 997
1804B. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1000
1805. Affirmative Defense to Use or Appropriation of Name or Likeness—First Amendment (Comedy III)......Page 1005
1807. Affirmative Defense—Invasion of Privacy Justified......Page 1008
1808. Stalking (Civ. Code, § 1708.7)......Page 1010
1809. Recording of Confidential Information (Pen. Code, §§ 632, 637.2)......Page 1014
1820. Damages......Page 1017
1821. Damages Under Civil Code Section 3344......Page 1021
VF-1800. Privacy—Intrusion Into Private Affairs......Page 1024
VF-1801. Privacy—Public Disclosure of Private Facts......Page 1026
VF-1802. Privacy—False Light......Page 1029
VF-1803. Privacy—Appropriation of Name or Likeness......Page 1032
VF-1804. Privacy—Use of Name or Likeness (Civ. Code,§ 3344)......Page 1034
VF-1807. Privacy—Recording of Confidential Information (Pen. Code, §§ 632, 637.2)......Page 1037
1900 et seq. Fraud or Deceit......Page 1040
1900. Intentional Misrepresentation......Page 1041
1901. Concealment......Page 1045
1902. False Promise......Page 1049
1903. Negligent Misrepresentation......Page 1051
1904. Opinions as Statements of Fact......Page 1054
1905. Definition of Important Fact/Promise......Page 1057
1906. Misrepresentations Made to Persons Other Than the Plaintiff......Page 1059
1907. Reliance......Page 1061
1920. Buyer’s Damages for Purchase or Acquisition of Property......Page 1065
1921. Buyer’s Damages for Purchase or Acquisition of Property—Lost Profits......Page 1069
1922. Seller’s Damages for Sale or Exchange of Property......Page 1071
1923. Damages—“Out of Pocket” Rule......Page 1076
1924. Damages—Benefit-of-the-Bargain Rule......Page 1079
1925. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1082
VF-1900. Intentional Misrepresentation......Page 1085
VF-1901. Concealment......Page 1088
VF-1902. False Promise......Page 1091
VF-1903. Negligent Misrepresentation......Page 1094
2000 et seq. Trespass......Page 1098
2000. Trespass......Page 1099
2001. Trespass—Extrahazardous Activities......Page 1104
2002. Trespass to Timber (Civ. Code, § 3346; Code Civ. Proc., § 733)......Page 1106
2003. Treble Damages—Timber......Page 1109
2004. Intentional Entry Explained......Page 1111
2005. Affirmative Defense—Necessity......Page 1113
2020. Public Nuisance—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1115
2021. Private Nuisance—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1120
2030. Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations—Trespassor Private Nuisance......Page 1125
VF-2000. Trespass......Page 1130
VF-2001. Trespass—Affirmative Defense—Necessity......Page 1133
VF-2002. Trespass—Extrahazardous Activities......Page 1136
VF-2003. Trespass to Timber (Civ. Code, § 3346; Code Civ. Proc., § 733)......Page 1139
VF-2004. Trespass to Timber (Civ. Code, § 3346; Code Civ. Proc., § 733)—Treble Damages Sought......Page 1142
VF-2005. Public Nuisance......Page 1145
VF-2006. Private Nuisance......Page 1148
2100 et seq. Conversion......Page 1152
2100. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1153
2101. Trespass to Chattels—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1157
2102. Presumed Measure of Damages for Conversion (Civ. Code, § 3336)......Page 1160
VF-2100. Conversion......Page 1166
2200 et seq. Economic Interference......Page 1168
2200. Inducing Breach of Contract......Page 1169
2201. Intentional Interference With Contractual Relations......Page 1172
2202. Intentional Interference With Prospective EconomicRelations......Page 1175
2203. Intent......Page 1180
2204. Negligent Interference With Prospective Economic Relations......Page 1181
VF-2200. Inducing Breach of Contract......Page 1185
VF-2201. Intentional Interference With Contractual Relations......Page 1188
VF-2202. Intentional Interference With Prospective Economic Relations......Page 1191
VF-2203. Negligent Interference With Prospective Economic Relations......Page 1194
2300 et seq. Insurance Litigation......Page 1198
2300. Breach of Contractual Duty to Pay a Covered Claim—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1200
2301. Breach of Insurance Binder—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1202
2302. Breach of Contract for Temporary Life Insurance—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1206
2303. Affirmative Defense—Insurance Policy Exclusion......Page 1208
2304. Exception to Insurance Policy Exclusion—Burden o fProof......Page 1209
2305. Lost or Destroyed Insurance Policy......Page 1210
2306. Covered and Excluded Risks—Predominant Cause of Loss......Page 1213
2307. Insurance Agency Relationship Disputed......Page 1216
2308. Rescission for Misrepresentation or Concealment in Insurance Application—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1219
2309. Termination of Insurance Policy for Fraudulent Claim......Page 1223
2320. Affirmative Defense—Failure to Provide Timely Notice......Page 1226
2321. Affirmative Defense—Insured’s Breach of Duty to Cooperate in Defense......Page 1229
2322. Affirmative Defense—Insured’s Voluntary Payment......Page 1232
2330. Implied Obligation of Good Faith and Fair Dealing Explained......Page 1235
2331. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1238
2332. Bad Faith (First Party)—Failure to Properly Investigate Claim......Page 1243
2333. Bad Faith (First Party)—Breach of Duty to Inform Insured of Rights—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1246
2334. Bad Faith (Third Party)—Refusal to Accept Reasonable Settlement Within Liability Policy Limits—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1249
2335. Bad Faith—Advice of Counsel......Page 1253
2336. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1256
2337. Factors to Consider in Evaluating Insurer’s Conduct......Page 1259
2350. Damages for Bad Faith......Page 1264
2360. Judgment Creditor’s Action Against Insurer—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1267
2361. Negligent Failure to Obtain Insurance Coverage—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1271
VF-2300. Breach of Contractual Duty to Pay a Covered Claim......Page 1273
VF-2301. Breach of the Implied Obligation of Good Faith and Fair Dealing—Failure or Delay in Payment......Page 1275
VF-2303. Bad Faith (First Party)—Breach of Duty to Inform Insured of Rights......Page 1278
2400 et seq. Wrongful Termination......Page 1282
2400. Breach of Employment Contract—Unspecified Term—“At-Will” Presumption......Page 1284
2401. Breach of Employment Contract—Unspecified Term—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1286
2402. Breach of Employment Contract—Unspecified Term—Constructive Discharge—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1290
2403. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1295
2404. Breach of Employment Contract—Unspecified Term—“Good Cause” Defined......Page 1298
2405. Breach of Implied Employment Contract—Unspecified Term—“Good Cause” Defined—Misconduct......Page 1301
2406. Breach of Employment Contract—Unspecified Term—Damages......Page 1303
2407. Employee’s Duty to Mitigate Damages......Page 1306
2420. Breach of Employment Contract—Specified Term—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1309
2421. Breach of Employment Contract—Specified Term—Good-Cause Defense......Page 1311
2422. Breach of Employment Contract—Specified Term—Damages......Page 1313
2423. Breach of the Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1315
2424. Breach of the Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing—Good Faith Mistaken Belief Defense......Page 1318
2430. Wrongful Discharge/Demotion in Violation of Public Policy—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1320
2431. Constructive Discharge in Violation of Public Policy—Plaintiff Required to Violate Public Policy......Page 1323
2432. Constructive Discharge in Violation of Public Policy—Plaintiff Required to Endure Intolerable Conditions for Improper Purpose That Violates Public Policy......Page 1327
2433. Wrongful Discharge in Violation of Public Policy—Damages......Page 1331
VF-2400. Breach of Employment Contract—Unspecified Term......Page 1334
VF-2401. Breach of Employment Contract—Unspecified Term—Constructive Discharge......Page 1336
VF-2402. Breach of Employment Contract—Specified Term......Page 1339
VF-2403. Breach of Employment Contract—Specified Term—Good-Cause Defense......Page 1341
VF-2404. Employment—Breach of the Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing......Page 1343
VF-2405. Breach of the Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing—Affirmative Defense—Good Faith Mistaken Belief......Page 1345
VF-2406. Wrongful Discharge/Demotion in Violation of Public Policy......Page 1348
VF-2407. Constructive Discharge in Violation of Public Policy—Plaintiff Required to Violate Public Policy......Page 1351
VF-2408. Constructive Discharge in Violation of Public Policy—Plaintiff Required to Endure Intolerable Conditions for Improper Purpose That Violates Public Policy......Page 1354
2500 et seq. Fair Employment and Housing Act......Page 1358
2500. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1361
2501. Affirmative Defense—Bona fide Occupational Qualification......Page 1365
2502. Disparate Impact—Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, § 12940(a))......Page 1368
2503. Affirmative Defense—Business Necessity/Job Relatedness......Page 1372
2504. Disparate Impact—Rebuttal to Business Necessity/Job Relatedness Defense......Page 1375
2505. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1378
2506. Affirmative Defense—After-Acquired Evidence......Page 1383
2507. “Motivating Reason” Explained......Page 1386
2520. Quid pro quo Sexual Harassment—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1388
2521A. Hostile Work Environment Harassment—Conduct Directed at Plaintiff—Essential Factual Elements—Employer or Entity Defendant (Gov. Code, § 12940(j))......Page 1392
2521B. Hostile Work Environment Harassment—Conduct Directed at Others—Essential Factual Elements—Employer or Entity Defendant (Gov. Code, § 12940(j))......Page 1398
2521C. Hostile Work Environment Harassment—Widespread Sexual Favoritism—Essential Factual Elements—Employer or Entity Defendant (Gov. Code, § 12940(j))......Page 1405
2522A. Hostile Work Environment Harassment—Conduct Directed at Plaintiff—Essential Factual Elements—Individual Defendant (Gov. Code, § 12940(j))......Page 1411
2522B. Hostile Work Environment Harassment—Conduct Directed at Others—Essential Factual Elements—Individual Defendant (Gov. Code, § 12940(j))......Page 1416
2522C. Hostile Work Environment Harassment—Widespread Sexual Favoritism—Essential Factual Elements—Individual Defendant (Gov. Code, § 12940(j))......Page 1421
2523. “Harassing Conduct” Explained......Page 1427
2524. “Severe or Pervasive” Explained......Page 1430
2525. Harassment—“Supervisor” Defined......Page 1434
2526. Affirmative Defense—Avoidable Consequences Doctrine (Sexual Harassment by a Supervisor)......Page 1437
2527. Failure to Prevent Harassment, Discrimination, or Retaliation—Essential Factual Elements—Employer or Entity Defendant (Gov. Code, § 12940(k))......Page 1440
2540. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1443
2541. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1447
2542. Superseded - See Supplement......Page 1451
2543. Disability Discrimination—Affirmative Defense—Inability to Perform Essential Job Duties......Page 1454
2544. Disability Discrimination—Affirmative Defense—Health or Safety Risk......Page 1456
2545. Disability Discrimination—Affirmative Defense—Undue Hardship......Page 1459
2546, Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1461
2560. Religious Creed Discrimination—Failure to Accommodate—Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, § 12940(l))......Page 1465
2561. Religious Creed Discrimination—Reasonable Accommodation—Affirmative Defense—Undue Hardship......Page 1468
VF-2500. Disparate Treatment (Gov. Code, § 12940(a))......Page 1471
VF-2501. Disparate Treatment (Gov. Code, § 12940(a))—Affirmative Defense—Bona fide Occupational Qualification......Page 1474
VF-2502. Disparate Impact (Gov. Code, § 12940(a))......Page 1478
VF-2503. Disparate Impact (Gov. Code, § 12940(a)) Affirmative Defense—Business Necessity/Job Relatedness—Rebuttal to Business Necessity/Job Relatedness Defense......Page 1481
VF-2504. Retaliation (Gov. Code, § 12940(h))......Page 1485
VF-2505. Quid pro quo Sexual Harassment......Page 1488
VF-2506A. Hostile Work Environment Harassment—Conduct Directed at Plaintiff—Employer or Entity Defendant (Gov. Code, § 12940(j))......Page 1491
VF-2506B. Hostile Work Environment Harassment—Conduct Directed at Others—Employer or Entity Defendant (Gov. Code, § 12940(j))......Page 1495
VF-2506C. Hostile Work Environment Harassment—Widespread Sexual Favoritism—Employer or Entity Defendant (Gov. Code, § 12940(j))......Page 1499
VF-2507A. Hostile Work Environment Harassment—Conduct Directed at Plaintiff—Individual Defendant (Gov. Code, § 12940(j))......Page 1503
VF-2507B. Hostile Work Environment Harassment—Conduct Directed at Others—Individual Defendant (Gov. Code, § 12940(j))......Page 1506
VF-2507C. Hostile Work Environment Harassment—Widespread Sexual Favoritism—Individual Defendant (Gov. Code, § 12940(j))......Page 1509
VF-2508. Disability Discrimination—Disparate Treatment......Page 1512
VF-2509. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1515
VF-2510. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1518
VF-2511. Religious Creed Discrimination—Failure to Accommodate (Gov. Code, § 12940(l))......Page 1521
VF-2512. Religious Creed Discrimination—Failure to Accommodate (Gov. Code, § 12940(l))—Affirmative Defense—Undue Hardship......Page 1524
2600 et seq. California Family Rights Act......Page 1528
2600. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1529
2601. Eligibility......Page 1533
2603. “Comparable Job” Explained......Page 1535
2610. Affirmative Defense—No Certification From Health-Care Provider......Page 1538
2611. Affirmative Defense—Fitness for Duty Statement......Page 1541
2612. Affirmative Defense—Employment Would Have Ceased......Page 1543
2613. Affirmative Defense—Key Employee......Page 1545
2620. CFRA Rights Retaliation—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1547
VF-2600. Violation of CFRA Rights......Page 1549
VF-2601. Violation of CFRA Rights—Affirmative Defense—Employment Would Have Ceased......Page 1552
VF-2602. CFRA Rights Retaliation......Page 1555
2700 et seq. Labor Code Actions......Page 1558
2700. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1559
2701. Nonpayment of Minimum Wage—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 1194)......Page 1562
2702. Nonpayment of Overtime Compensation—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 1194)......Page 1565
2703. Nonpayment of Overtime Compensation—Proof of Overtime Hours Worked......Page 1568
2704. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1570
2710. Solicitation of Employee by Misrepresentation—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code,§ 970)......Page 1574
2711. Preventing Subsequent Employment by Misrepresentation—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code,§ 1050)......Page 1578
VF-2700. Nonpayment of Wages (Lab. Code, §§ 201, 202, 218)......Page 1581
VF-2701. Nonpayment of Minimum Wage (Lab. Code, § 1194)......Page 1583
VF-2702. Nonpayment of Overtime Compensation (Lab. Code, § 1194)......Page 1585
VF-2703. Waiting-Time Penalty for Nonpayment of Wages (Lab. Code, §§ 203, 218)......Page 1587
VF-2704. Solicitation of Employee by Misrepresentation (Lab. Code, § 970)......Page 1589
VF-2705. Preventing Subsequent Employment by Misrepresentation (Lab. Code, § 1050)......Page 1592
2800 et seq. Workers' Compensation......Page 1596
2800. Employer’s Affirmative Defense—Injury Covered by Workers’ Compensation......Page 1597
2801. Employer’s Willful Physical Assault—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 3602(b)(1))......Page 1604
2802. Fraudulent Concealment of Injury—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 3602(b)(2))......Page 1608
2803. Employer’s Defective Product—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 3602(b)(3))......Page 1611
2804. Removal or Noninstallation of Power Press Guards—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 4558)......Page 1613
2810. Co-Employee’s Affirmative Defense—Injury Coveredby Workers’ Compensation......Page 1618
2811. Co-Employee’s Willful and Unprovoked Physical Act of Aggression—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, § 3601(a)(1))......Page 1621
2812. Injury Caused by Co-Employee’s Intoxication—Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code,§ 3601(a)(2))......Page 1624
VF-2800. Employer’s Willful Physical Assault (Lab. Code, § 3602(b)(1))......Page 1628
VF-2801. Fraudulent Concealment of Injury (Lab. Code, § 3602(b)(2))......Page 1630
VF-2802. Employer’s Defective Product (Lab. Code, § 3602(b)(3))......Page 1633
VF-2803. Removal or Noninstallation of Power Press Guards (Lab. Code, § 4558)......Page 1636
VF-2804. Co-Employee’s Willful and Unprovoked Physical Act of Aggression (Lab. Code, § 3601(a)(1))......Page 1639
VF-2805. Injury Caused by Co-Employee’s Intoxication (Lab. Code, § 3601(a)(2))......Page 1642
2900 et seq. Federal Employers' Liability Act......Page 1646
2900. Essential Factual Elements......Page 1647
2901. Negligence—Duty of Railroad......Page 1650
2902. Negligence—Assignment of Employees......Page 1652
2903. Causation—Negligence......Page 1654
2904. Contributory Negligence......Page 1656
2905. Compliance With Employer’s Requests or Directions......Page 1658
2920. Essential Factual Elements—Federal Safety Appliance Act or Boiler Inspection Act......Page 1659
2921. Causation Under FSAA or BIA......Page 1665
2922. Statute of Limitations—Special Verdict Form or Interrogatory......Page 1666
2923. Borrowed Servant/Dual Employee......Page 1668
2924. Status as Defendant’s Employee—Subservant Company......Page 1672
2925. Status of Defendant as Common Carrier......Page 1674
2926. Scope of Employment......Page 1675
2940. Income Tax Effects of Award......Page 1678
2941. Introduction to Damages for Personal Injury......Page 1679
2942. Damages for Death of Employee......Page 1683
VF-2900. FELA—Negligence—Plaintiff’s Negligence at Issue......Page 1689
VF-2901. Federal Safety Appliance Act or Boiler Inspection Act......Page 1693
3000 et seq. Civil Rights......Page 1696
3000. Violation of Federal Civil Rights (42 U.S.C. § 1983)—In General—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1698
3001. Excessive Use of Force—Unreasonable Arrest or Other Seizure—Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. § 1983)......Page 1702
3002. Unreasonable Search—Search With a Warrant—Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. § 1983)......Page 1705
3003. Unreasonable Search—Search Without a Warrant—Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. § 1983)......Page 1708
3004. Affirmative Defense—Search Incident to Lawful Arrest......Page 1711
3005. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1713
3006. Affirmative Defense—Exigent Circumstances......Page 1715
3007. Municipal Liability (42 U.S.C. § 1983)......Page 1717
3008. “Official Policy” Explained (42 U.S.C. § 1983)......Page 1720
3009. Public Entity Liability—Failure to Train (42 U.S.C.§ 1983)—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1723
3010. Violation of Prisoner’s Federal Civil Rights (42 U.S.C. § 1983)—Eighth Amendment—Excessive Force......Page 1725
3011. Violation of Prisoner’s Federal Civil Rights (42 U.S.C. § 1983)—Eighth Amendment—General Conditions of Confinement Claim......Page 1729
3012. Violation of Prisoner’s Federal Civil Rights (42 U.S.C. § 1983)—Eighth Amendment—Medical Care......Page 1732
3013. Supervisor Liability (42 U.S.C. § 1983)......Page 1736
3020. Unruh Civil Rights Act (Civ. Code, §§ 51, 52)—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1738
3021. Unruh Civil Rights Act—Boycott, etc. (Civ. Code, § 51.5)—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1744
3022. Gender Price Discrimination (Civ. Code, § 51.6)—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1748
3023. Ralph Act (Civ. Code, § 51.7)—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1751
3024. Sexual Harassment in Defined Relationship—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 51.9)......Page 1754
3025. Bane Act—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 52.1)......Page 1757
3026. Unruh Civil Rights Act—Damages (Civ. Code, §§ 51, 51.5, 51.6)......Page 1761
3027. Unruh Civil Rights Act—Civil Penalty (Civ. Code, §§ 51.7, 51.9)......Page 1763
VF-3000. Violation of Federal Civil Rights (42 U.S.C. § 1983)—In General......Page 1765
VF-3001. Excessive Use of Force—Unreasonable Arrest or Other Seizure (42 U.S.C. § 1983)......Page 1767
VF-3002. Unreasonable Search—Search With a Warrant (42 U.S.C. § 1983)......Page 1769
VF-3003. Unreasonable Search—Search Without a Warrant (42 U.S.C. § 1983)......Page 1771
VF-3004. Unreasonable Search—Search Without a Warrant (42 U.S.C. § 1983)—Affirmative Defense—Search Incident to Lawful Arrest......Page 1773
VF-3005. Municipal Liability (42 U.S.C. § 1983)......Page 1776
VF-3006. Public Entity Liability—Failure to Train (42 U.S.C. § 1983)......Page 1778
VF-3007. Violation of Prisoner’s Federal Civil Rights (42 U.S.C. § 1983)—Eighth Amendment—Excessive Force......Page 1781
VF-3008. Violation of Prisoner’s Federal Civil Rights (42 U.S.C. § 1983)—Eighth Amendment—General Conditions of Confinement Claim......Page 1783
VF-3009. Violation of Prisoner’s Federal Civil Rights (42 U.S.C. § 1983)—Eighth Amendment—Medical Care......Page 1786
VF-3010. Unruh Civil Rights Act (Civ. Code, §§ 51, 52)......Page 1788
VF-3011. Unruh Civil Rights Act—Boycott, etc. (Civ. Code, § 51.5)......Page 1791
VF-3012. Gender Price Discrimination (Civ. Code, § 51.6)......Page 1794
VF-3013. Ralph Act (Civ. Code, § 51.7)......Page 1796
VF-3014. Sexual Harassment in Defined Relationship (Civ. Code, § 51.9)......Page 1799
VF-3015. Bane Act (Civ. Code, § 52.1)......Page 1802
3100 et seq. Elder Abuse and Dependent Adult Civil Protection Act......Page 1806
3100. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 1808
3101. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 1814
3102A. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 1817
3102B. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 1822
3103. Neglect—Essential Factual Elements (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15610.57)......Page 1827
3104. Neglect—Enhanced Remedies Sought (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15657)......Page 1832
3105. Revoked
......Page 1836
3106. Physical Abuse—Essential Factual Elements (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15610.63)......Page 1837
3107. Physical Abuse—Enhanced Remedies Sought (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15657)......Page 1841
3108. Revoked
......Page 1845
3109. Abduction—Essential Factual Elements (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15610.06)......Page 1846
3110. Abduction—Enhanced Remedies Sought (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15657.05)......Page 1850
3111. Revoked
......Page 1853
3112. “Dependent Adult” Explained (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 15610.23)......Page 1854
3113. “Recklessness” Explained......Page 1856
3114. “Malice” Explained......Page 1858
3115. “Oppression” Explained......Page 1860
3116. “Fraud” Explained......Page 1861
VF-3100. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 1862
VF-3101. Superseded - See Supplement 
......Page 1866
VF-3102. Neglect—Individual or Individual and Employer Defendants (Welf. & Inst. Code, §§ 15610. 57, 15657; Civ. Code, § 3294(b))......Page 1869
VF-3103. Neglect—Employer Defendant Only (Welf. & Inst. Code, §§ 15610.57, 15657; Civ. Code, § 3294(b))......Page 1873
VF-3104. Physical Abuse—Individual or Individual and Employer Defendants (Welf. & Inst. Code, §§ 15610.63, 15657; Civ. Code, § 3294(b))......Page 1877
VF-3105. Physical Abuse—Employer Defendant Only (Welf. & Inst. Code, §§ 15610.63, 15657; Civ. Code, § 3294(b))......Page 1880
VF-3106. Abduction—Individual or Individual and Employer Defendants (Welf. & Inst. Code, §§ 15610.06, 15657.05; Civ. Code, § 3294(b))......Page 1883
VF-3107. Abduction—Employer Defendant Only (Welf. &Inst. Code, §§ 15610.06, 15657.05; Civ. Code, § 3294(b))......Page 1887
Elder Abuse Table A. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 1890
3200 et seq. Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act......Page 1892
3200. Failure to Purchase or Replace Consumer Good After Reasonable Number of Repair Opportunities—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 1793.2(d))......Page 1894
3201. Failure to Promptly Purchase or Replace New Motor Vehicle After Reasonable Number of Repair Opportunities—Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, § 1793.2(d))......Page 1901
3202. “Repair Opportunities” Explained......Page 1908
3203. Reasonable Number of Repair Opportunities—Rebuttable Presumption (Civ. Code, § 1793.22(b))......Page 1910
3204. “Substantially Impaired” Explained......Page 1914
3210. Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1916
3211. Breach of Implied Warranty of Fitness for a ParticularPurpose—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1921
3212. Duration of Implied Warranty......Page 1925
3220. Affirmative Defense—Unauthorized or Unreasonable Use......Page 1928
3221. Affirmative Defense—Disclaimer of Implied Warranties......Page 1929
3230. Breach of Disclosure Obligations—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1932
3240. Reimbursement Damages—Consumer Goods......Page 1936
3241. Restitution From Manufacturer—New Motor Vehicle......Page 1938
3242. Incidental Damages......Page 1942
3243. Consequential Damages......Page 1944
3244. Civil Penalty—Willful Violation (Civ. Code, § 1794(c))......Page 1945
VF-3200. Failure to Purchase or Replace Consumer Good After Reasonable Number of Repair Opportunities (Civ. Code, § 1793.2(d))......Page 1949
VF-3201. Consequential Damages......Page 1952
VF-3202. Failure to Purchase or Replace Consumer Good After Reasonable Number of Repair Opportunities—Affirmative Defense—Unauthorized or Unreasonable Use (Civ. Code, § 1793.2(d))......Page 1954
VF-3203. Breach of Express Warranty—New Motor Vehicle—Civil Penalty Sought......Page 1957
VF-3204. Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability......Page 1961
VF-3205. Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability—Affirmative Defense—Disclaimer of Implied Warranties......Page 1963
VF-3206. Breach of Disclosure Obligations......Page 1965
3300 et seq. Unfair Practices Act......Page 1968
3300. Locality Discrimination—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1970
3301. Below Cost Sales—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1973
3302. Loss Leader Sales—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1976
3303. Definition of “Cost”......Page 1980
3304. Presumptions Concerning Costs—Manufacturer......Page 1983
3305. Presumptions Concerning Costs—Distributor......Page 1985
3306. Methods of Allocating Costs to an Individual Product......Page 1987
3320. Secret Rebates—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1989
3321. Secret Rebates—Definition of “Secret”......Page 1992
3330. Affirmative Defense to Locality Discrimination Claim—Cost Justification......Page 1993
3331. Affirmative Defense to Locality Discrimination, Below Cost Sales, and Loss Leader Sales Claims—Closed-out, Discontinued, Damaged, or Perishable Items......Page 1995
3332. Affirmative Defense to Locality Discrimination, Below Cost Sales, Loss Leader Sales, and Secret Rebates—Functional Classifications......Page 1997
3333. Affirmative Defense to Locality Discrimination, Below Cost Sales, and Loss Leader Sales Claims—Meeting Competition......Page 1999
3334. Affirmative Defense to Locality Discrimination Claim—Manufacturer Meeting Downstream Competition......Page 2001
3335. Affirmative Defense—“Good Faith” Explained......Page 2003
VF-3300. Locality Discrimination......Page 2005
VF-3301. Locality Discrimination Claim—Affirmative Defense—Cost Justification......Page 2007
VF-3302. Below Cost Sales......Page 2009
VF-3303. Below Cost Sales Claim—Affirmative Defense—Closed-out, Discontinued, Damaged, or Perishable Items......Page 2011
VF-3304. Loss Leader Sales......Page 2013
VF-3305. Loss Leader Sales Claim—Affirmative Defense—Meeting Competition......Page 2015
VF-3306. Secret Rebates......Page 2017
VF-3307. Secret Rebates Claim—Affirmative Defense—Functional Classifications......Page 2019
3400 et seq. Cartwright Act......Page 2022
3400. Horizontal and Vertical Restraints (Use for Direct Competitors)—Price Fixing—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2024
3401. Horizontal Restraints (Use for Direct Competitors)—Allocation of Trade or Commerce—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2029
3402. Horizontal Restraints—Dual Distributor Restraints—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2032
3403. Horizontal Restraints (Use for Direct Competitors)—Group Boycott—Per Se Violation—EssentialFactual Elements......Page 2035
3404. Horizontal Restraints—Group Boycott—Rule of Reason—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2039
3405. Horizontal and Vertical Restraints (Use for Direct Competitors or Supplier/Reseller Relations)—Other Unreasonable Restraint of Trade—Rule of Reason—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2043
3406. Horizontal and Vertical Restraints—“Agreement” Explained......Page 2047
3407. Horizontal and Vertical Restraints—Agreement Between Company and Its Employee......Page 2050
3408. Vertical Restraints—“Coercion” Explained......Page 2052
3409. Vertical Restraints—Termination of Reseller......Page 2054
3410. Vertical Restraints—Agreement Between Seller and Reseller’s Competitor......Page 2056
3411. Rule of Reason—Anticompetitive Versus Beneficial Effects......Page 2058
3412. Rule of Reason—“Market Power” Explained......Page 2060
3413. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 2062
3414. Rule of Reason—“Geographic Market” Explained......Page 2064
3420. Tying—Real Estate, Products, or Services—Essential Factual Elements (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 16720)......Page 2066
3421. Tying—Products or Services—Essential Factual Elements (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 16727)......Page 2071
3422. Tying—“Separate Products” Explained......Page 2074
3423. Tying—“Economic Power” Explained......Page 2076
3430. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 2078
3431. Affirmative Defense—In Pari Delicto......Page 2080
3440. Damages......Page 2081
VF-3400. Horizontal and Vertical Restraints (Use for Direct Competitors)—Price Fixing......Page 2083
VF-3401. Horizontal Restraints (Use for Direct Competitors)—Allocation of Trade or Commerce......Page 2085
VF-3402. Horizontal Restraints (Use for DirectCompetitors)—Allocation of Trade or Commerce—AffirmativeDefense—In Pari Delicto......Page 2087
VF-3403. Horizontal Restraints—Dual Distributor Restraints......Page 2089
VF-3404. Horizontal Restraints (Use for Direct Competitors)—Group Boycott—Per Se Violation......Page 2091
VF-3405. Horizontal Restraints—Group Boycott—Rule of Reason......Page 2093
VF-3406. Horizontal and Vertical Restraints (Use for Direct Competitors or Supplier/Reseller Relations)—Other Unreasonable Restraint of Trade—Rule of Reason......Page 2095
VF-3407. Horizontal and Vertical Restraints (Use for Direct Competitors or Supplier/Reseller Relations)—Other Unreasonable Restraint of Trade—Rule of Reason Affirmative Defense—“Noerr-Pennington” Doctrine......Page 2097
VF-3408. Tying—Real Estate, Products, or Services (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 16720)......Page 2099
VF-3409. Tying—Products or Services (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 16727)......Page 2101
3500 et seq. Eminent Domain......Page 2104
3500. Introductory Instruction......Page 2105
3501. “Fair Market Value” Explained......Page 2107
3502. “Highest and Best Use” Explained......Page 2110
3503. Change in Zoning or Land Use Restriction......Page 2112
3504. Project Enhanced Value......Page 2114
3505. Information Discovered after Date of Valuation......Page 2116
3506. Effect of Improvements......Page 2117
3507. Personal Property and Inventory......Page 2119
3508. Bonus Value of Leasehold Interest......Page 2121
3509. Precondemnation Damages (Klopping Damages)......Page 2124
3510. Value of Easement......Page 2126
3511. Severance Damages......Page 2128
3512. Severance Damages—Offset for Benefits......Page 2133
3513. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 2135
3514. Burden of Proof......Page 2139
3515. Valuation Testimony......Page 2140
3516. View......Page 2142
VF-3500. Fair Market Value Plus Goodwill......Page 2143
VF-3501. Fair Market Value Plus Severance Damages......Page 2144
VF-3502. Fair Market Value Plus Loss of Inventory/Personal Property......Page 2145
3600 et seq. Conspiracy......Page 2146
3600. Conspiracy—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2147
3601. Ongoing Conspiracy......Page 2152
3602. Affirmative Defense—Agent and Employee Immunity Rule......Page 2153
3610. Aiding and Abetting Tort—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2155
3700 et seq. Vicarious Reponsibility......Page 2160
3700. Introduction......Page 2161
3701. Tort Liability Asserted Against Principal—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2162
3702. Affirmative Defense—Plaintiff’s Agent’s Contributory Negligence......Page 2165
3703. Legal Relationship Not Disputed......Page 2167
3704. Existence of “Employee” Status Disputed......Page 2169
3705. Existence of “Agency” Relationship Disputed......Page 2173
3706. Special Employment—General Employer and/or Special Employer Denies Responsibility......Page 2175
3707. Special Employment—Joint Responsibility......Page 2179
3708. Peculiar-Risk Doctrine......Page 2181
3709. Ostensible Agent......Page 2185
3710. Ratification......Page 2187
3711. Partnerships......Page 2189
3712. Joint Ventures......Page 2191
3713. Nondelegable Duty......Page 2193
3720. Scope of Employment......Page 2196
3721. Scope of Employment—Peace Officer’s Misuse ofAuthority......Page 2199
3722. Scope of Employment—Unauthorized Acts......Page 2201
3723. Substantial Deviation......Page 2203
3724. Going-and-Coming Rule......Page 2206
3725. Vehicle-Use Exception......Page 2208
3726. Social or Recreational Activities......Page 2210
VF-3700. Negligence—Vicarious Liability......Page 2212
3800 et seq. Equitable Indemnity......Page 2216
3800. Comparative Fault Between and Among Tortfeasors......Page 2217
3801. Implied Contractual Indemnity......Page 2220
3900 et seq. Damages......Page 2224
3900. Introduction to Tort Damages—Liability Contested......Page 2227
3901. Introduction to Tort Damages—Liability Established......Page 2230
3902. Economic and Noneconomic Damages......Page 2233
3903. Items of Economic Damage......Page 2235
3903A. Medical Expenses—Past and Future (Economic Damage)......Page 2236
3903B. Medical Monitoring—Toxic Exposure (Economic Damage)......Page 2239
3903C. Past and Future Lost Earnings (Economic Damage)......Page 2242
3903D. Lost Earning Capacity (Economic Damage)......Page 2244
3903E. Loss of Ability to Provide Household Services (Economic Damage)......Page 2246
3903F. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 2247
3903G. Loss of Use of Real Property (Economic Damage)......Page 2251
3903H. Damage to Annual Crop (Economic Damage)......Page 2255
3903I. Damage to Perennial Crop (Economic Damage)......Page 2257
3903J. Damage to Personal Property (Economic Damage)......Page 2260
3903K. Loss or Destruction of Personal Property (Economic Damage)......Page 2263
3903L. Damage to Personal Property Having Special Value (Civ. Code, § 3355) (Economic Damage)......Page 2265
3903M. Loss of Use of Personal Property (Economic Damage)......Page 2267
3903N. Lost Profits (Economic Damage)......Page 2269
3904. Present Cash Value......Page 2272
3905. Items of Noneconomic Damage......Page 2275
3920. Loss of Consortium (Noneconomic Damage)......Page 2279
3921. Wrongful Death (Death of an Adult)......Page 2283
3922. Wrongful Death (Parents’ Recovery for Death of aMinor Child)......Page 2290
3923. Public Entities—Collateral Source Payments (Gov. Code, § 985)......Page 2297
3924. No Punitive Damages......Page 2298
3925. Arguments of Counsel Not Evidence of Damages......Page 2300
3926. Settlement Deduction......Page 2301
3927. Aggravation of Preexisting Condition or Disability......Page 2304
3928. Unusually Susceptible Plaintiff......Page 2306
3929. Subsequent Medical Treatment or Aid......Page 2307
3930. Mitigation of Damages (Personal Injury)......Page 2309
3931. Mitigation of Damages (Property Damage)......Page 2313
3932. Life Expectancy......Page 2316
3940. Punitive Damages—Individual Defendant—Trial Not Bifurcated......Page 2318
3941. Punitive Damages—Individual Defendant—Bifurcated Trial (First Phase)......Page 2328
3942. Punitive Damages—Individual Defendant—Bifurcated Trial (Second Phase)......Page 2331
3943. Punitive Damages Against Employer or Principal for Conduct of a Specific Agent or Employee—Trial Not Bifurcated......Page 2340
3944. Punitive Damages Against Employer or Principal for Conduct of a Specific Agent or Employee—Bifurcated Trial (First Phase)......Page 2351
3945. Punitive Damages—Entity Defendant—Trial Not Bifurcated......Page 2357
3946. Punitive Damages—Entity Defendant—Bifurcated Trial (First Phase)......Page 2366
3947. Punitive Damages—Individual and Entity Defendants—Trial Not Bifurcated......Page 2372
3948. Punitive Damages—Individual and Corporate Defendants (Corporate Liability Based on Acts of Named Individual)—Bifurcated Trial (First Phase)......Page 2383
3949. Punitive Damages—Individual and Corporate Defendants (Corporate Liability Based on Acts of Named Individual)—Bifurcated Trial (Second Phase)......Page 2389
3960. Contributory Negligence—General Verdict......Page 2398
3961. Duty to Mitigate Damages for Past Lost Earnings......Page 2400
3962. Duty to Mitigate Damages for Future Lost Earnings......Page 2402
3963. No Deduction for Workers’ Compensation Benefits Paid......Page 2404
3964. Jurors Not to Consider Attorney Fees and Court Costs......Page 2406
VF-3900. Punitive Damages......Page 2407
VF-3901. Punitive Damages Against Employer or Principalfor Conduct of a Specific Agent or Employee......Page 2408
VF-3902. Punitive Damages—Entity Defendant......Page 2410
VF-3904. Punitive Damages—Entity Defendant—Authorization......Page 2413
VF-3905. Damages for Wrongful Death (Death of an Adult)......Page 2415
VF-3906. Damages for Wrongful Death (Parents’ Recovery for Death of a Minor Child)......Page 2417
VF-3907. Damages for Loss of Consortium (Noneconomic Damage)......Page 2419
4000 et seq. Lanterman- Petris-Short Act......Page 2424
4000. Conservatorship—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2425
4001. “Mental Disorder” Explained......Page 2428
4002. “Gravely Disabled” Explained......Page 2429
4003. “Gravely Disabled” Minor Explained......Page 2432
4004. Issues Not to Be Considered......Page 2435
4005. Obligation to Prove—Reasonable Doubt......Page 2436
4006. Sufficiency of Indirect Circumstantial Evidence......Page 2438
4007. Third Party Assistance......Page 2440
4008. Third Party Assistance to Minor......Page 2443
4009. Physical Restraint......Page 2446
4010. Limiting Instruction—Expert Testimony......Page 2447
4011. History of Disorder Relevant to the Determination of Grave Disability......Page 2448
4012. Concluding Instruction......Page 2450
4013. Affidavit of Voter Registration......Page 2451
VF-4000. Conservatorship—Verdict Form......Page 2454
4100 et seq. Breach of Fiduciary Duty......Page 2456
4100. “Fiduciary Duty” Explained......Page 2457
4101. Failure to Use Reasonable Care—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2458
4102. Duty of Undivided Loyalty—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2462
4103. Duty of Confidentiality—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2465
4104. Duties of Escrow Holder......Page 2467
4105. Duties of Stockbroker—Speculative Securities......Page 2469
4106. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 2471
4107. Duty of Disclosure by Real Estate Broker......Page 2473
4120. Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations......Page 2475
4200 et seq. Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act......Page 2478
4200. Actual Intent to Defraud a Creditor (Civ. Code, § 3439.04(a)(1))—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2479
4201. Factors to Consider in Determining Actual Intent to Defraud (Civ. Code, § 3439.04(b))......Page 2485
4202. Constructive Fraudulent Transfer (Civ. Code, § 3439.04(a)(2))—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2488
4203. Constructive Fraudulent Transfer (Insolvency) (Civ. Code, § 3439.05)—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2491
4204. “Transfer” Explained......Page 2494
4205. Insolvency Explained......Page 2496
4206. Presumption of Insolvency......Page 2498
4207. Affirmative Defense—Good Faith (Civ. Code, § 3439.08)......Page 2500
4208. Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations—Actual and Constructive Fraud (Civ. Code, § 3439.09)......Page 2503
4300 et seq. Unlawful Detainer......Page 2506
4300. Introductory Instruction......Page 2508
4301. Expiration of Fixed-Term Tenancy—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2510
4302. Termination for Failure to Pay Rent—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2513
4303. Sufficiency and Service of Notice of Termination for Failure to Pay Rent......Page 2517
4304. Termination for Violation of Terms of Lease/Agreement—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2524
4305. Sufficiency and Service of Notice of Termination for Violation of Terms of Agreement......Page 2528
4306. Termination of Month-to-Month Tenancy—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2533
4307. Sufficiency and Service of Notice of Termination of Month-to-Month Tenancy......Page 2538
4320. Affirmative Defense—Implied Warranty of Habitability......Page 2543
4321. Affirmative Defense—Retaliatory Eviction—Tenant’s Complaint (Civ. Code, § 1942.5(a))......Page 2550
4322. Affirmative Defense—Retaliatory Eviction—Engaging in Legally Protected Activity (Civ. Code, § 1942.5(c))......Page 2555
4323. Affirmative Defense—Discriminatory Eviction (Unruh Act)......Page 2558
4324. Affirmative Defense—Waiver by Acceptance of Rent......Page 2561
4325. Affirmative Defense—Failure to Comply With Rent Control Ordinance......Page 2565
4326. Affirmative Defense—Repair and Deduct......Page 2567
4327. Affirmative Defense—Landlord’s Refusal of Rent......Page 2572
4340. Damages for Reasonable Rental Value......Page 2575
4341. Statutory Damages on Showing of Malice (Code Civ. Proc., § 1174(b))......Page 2578
VF-4300. Termination Due to Failure to Pay Rent......Page 2580
VF-4301. Termination Due to Failure to Pay Rent—Affirmative Defense—Breach of Implied Warranty of Habitability......Page 2582
VF-4302. Termination Due to Violation of Terms of Lease/Agreement......Page 2584
4400 et seq. Trade Secrets......Page 2586
4400. Misappropriation of Trade Secrets—Introduction......Page 2587
4401. Misappropriation of Trade Secrets—Essential Factual Elements......Page 2590
4402. “Trade Secret” Defined......Page 2594
4403. Secrecy Requirement......Page 2597
4404. Reasonable Efforts to Protect Secrecy......Page 2599
4405. Misappropriation by Acquisition......Page 2602
4406. Misappropriation by Disclosure......Page 2604
4407. Misappropriation by Use......Page 2607
4408. Improper Means of Acquiring Trade Secret......Page 2611
4409. Remedies for Misappropriation of Trade Secret......Page 2613
4410. Unjust Enrichment......Page 2616
4411. Punitive Damages for Willful and Malicious Misappropriation......Page 2619
4412. “Independent Economic Value” Explained......Page 2622
4420. Affirmative Defense—Information Was Readily Ascertainable by Proper Means......Page 2625
5000 et seq. Concluding Instructions......Page 2628
5000. Duties of the Judge and Jury......Page 2629
5001. Insurance......Page 2632
5002. Evidence......Page 2634
5003. Witnesses......Page 2637
5004. Service Provider for Juror With Disability......Page 2641
5005. Superseded - See Supplement
......Page 2643
5006. Nonperson Party......Page 2644
5007. Removal of Claims or Parties......Page 2645
5008. Duty to Abide by Translation Provided in Court......Page 2646
5009. Predeliberation Instructions......Page 2647
5010. Taking Notes During the Trial......Page 2651
5011. Reading Back of Trial Testimony in Jury Room......Page 2653
5012. Introduction to Special Verdict Form......Page 2655
5013. Deadlocked Jury Admonition......Page 2658
5014. Substitution of Alternate Juror......Page 2660
5015. Instruction to Alternate Jurors......Page 2662
5016. Judge’s Commenting on Evidence......Page 2664
5017. Polling the Jury......Page 2666
VF-5000. General Verdict Form—Single Plaintiff—Single Defendant—Single Cause of Action......Page 2669
VF-5001. General Verdict Form—Single Plaintiff—Single Defendant—Multiple Causes of Action......Page 2670
Disposition Table......Page 2671
Tables of Related Instructions......Page 2672