Iustitia Dei: A History of the Christian Doctrine of Justification

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
Abbreviations......Page 14
1 Justification: the emergence of a concept......Page 17
1.1 Semantic aspects of the concept of justification......Page 22
1.1.1 ‘Righteousness’: sedaqa → dikaiosyne → iustitia......Page 30
1.1.2 ‘To justify’: hasdiq → dikaioun → iustificare......Page 34
1.2 Paul and the shaping of the Christian tradition......Page 37
1.3 The pre-Augustinian tradition......Page 48
1.4 The fountainhead: Augustine of Hippo......Page 54
2 The Middle Ages: the consolidation of the doctrine......Page 71
2.1 The nature of justification......Page 75
2.2 The righteousness of God......Page 88
2.3 The subjective appropriation of justification......Page 108
2.3.1 The nature of the human free will......Page 109
2.3.2 The necessity and nature of the proper disposition for justification......Page 118
2.3.3 The axiom facienti quod in se est Deus non denegat gratiam......Page 123
2.4 Justification and the sacraments......Page 133
2.5 The concept of grace......Page 144
2.6 The concept of merit......Page 154
2.7 The dialectic between the two powers of God......Page 166
2.8 The relation between predestination and justification......Page 174
2.9 The critique of the role of supernatural habits in justification......Page 192
2.10 The medieval schools of thought on justification......Page 202
2.10.1 The early Dominican school......Page 205
2.10.2 The early Franciscan school......Page 208
2.10.3 The later Franciscan school......Page 211
2.10.4 The via moderna......Page 214
2.10.5 The medieval Augustinian tradition......Page 217
3 Protestantism: the Reformation debates on justification......Page 224
3.1 Forerunners of the Reformation doctrines of justification?......Page 226
3.2 Luther’s discovery of the ‘righteousness of God’......Page 234
3.3 Luther’s mature theology of justification......Page 239
3.4 Justification in early Lutheranism, 1516–1580......Page 251
3.4.1 The objective grounds of justification: the Osiandrist and Stancarist controversies......Page 257
3.4.2 The role of works in justification: the antinomian and Majorist controversies......Page 259
3.4.3 The subjective appropriation of justification: the synergist and monergist controversies......Page 260
3.5 Early Reformed theology, 1519–1560......Page 264
3.6 The English Reformation: from Tyndale to Hooker......Page 274
3.7 Protestant orthodoxy......Page 281
3.7.1 The nature of justification......Page 286
3.7.2 The objective grounds of justification......Page 288
3.7.3 The subjective appropriation of justification......Page 291
3.8 Anglicanism: the Caroline Divines......Page 293
3.9 Puritanism: from the Old World to the New......Page 300
3.10 The Pietist critique of Protestant orthodoxy......Page 308
3.11 The Anglo-Catholic critique of the Reformation......Page 311
3.12 Conclusion......Page 323
4 Catholicism: the Council of Trent on justification......Page 324
4.1 Developments within Catholicism, 1490–1545......Page 325
4.2 The theological schools at Trent during the debate on justification......Page 334
4.3 The Tridentine debates on justification......Page 340
4.4 The Tridentine decree on justification......Page 354
4.5 The post-Tridentine debates on justification......Page 360
4.6 Conclusion......Page 373
5 The modern period......Page 374
5.1 The Enlightenment critique of orthodox doctrines of justification......Page 376
5.2 The moral critique of the Enlightenment: I. Kant......Page 387
5.3 The religious critique of the Enlightenment: F. D. E. Schleiermacher......Page 392
5.4 The reappropriation of the concept of justification: A. B. Ritschl......Page 397
5.5 The dialectical approach to justification: K. Barth......Page 408
5.6 The eclipse of justification, 1950–2000......Page 422
5.6.1 Reinterpretation: justification as an existential category......Page 425
5.6.2 Marginalisation: justification as an ecumenical problem......Page 429
5.6.3 Criticism: the ‘new perspective’ on Paul......Page 434
5.7 Conclusion......Page 436
Glossary of medieval soteriological terms......Page 438
1.3 PRIMARY SOURCES......Page 441
2 SECONDARY STUDIES......Page 446
Index......Page 460