Italy at the Polls 2022: The Right Strikes Back

Foreword
The Normality of Cleavages: When Citizens Vote Against Rather Than For
Bibliography
Contents
Notes on Contributors
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction: Italian Voters—Where They Have Come From and Where They Are Going
	1 Introduction
	2 The Never-Ending Italian Political Transition
	3 From ‘Devout’ to ‘Liquid’ Voters
	4 The Electoral Law(s) and the Constitutional Referendum
	5 General Election 2022: In What Republic?
	6 Still Uncertainty and Electoral Volatility?
	7 Still a Tripolar System?
	8 Protest, Populism and New Political Actors
	9 From Voting to Government: A Return to the Second Republic?
	References
2 The Outcome: Electoral Trends and the Geopolitics of Voting
	1 Introduction
	2 The Parties, Electoral Coalitions and Outcomes
		2.1 The Centre-Right Coalition
		2.2 The Centre-Left Coalition
	3 Disproportionality, Electoral Volatility and Protest Voting
	4 The Electoral Geography
	5 Who Voted for Whom
	6 Conclusion
	References
3 Grappling with a Difficult Decision: How Voters Made Their Choices
	1 Introduction
	2 Structural Indecision
	3 The Soft Underbelly of the Political Parties
	4 A Less Engaging Election Campaign
	5 Talking About Politics
	6 The Mosaic of Sources of Information
	7 Information Consumption During the Election Campaign
	8 Types of Info-Consumer and Political Cultures
	9 Conclusion
	References
4 Citizens’ Engagement with the ‘Seaside Campaign’ on Instagram and Facebook
	1 Introduction
	2 Posting over a ‘Seaside Election Campaign’
	3 Different Types of Engagement on Instagram and Facebook
	4 An Election with No Triggering Events
	5 The Main Topics and Issues on Facebook, Per Peak
	6 The Main Topics and Issues on Instagram
	7 Conclusion
	References
5 New and Old (Global) Cleavages, Crises and Wars
	1 Introduction
	2 Between Old and New (Global) Crises
	3 The Coordinates of a (Moving) Party System
		3.1 Left and Right
		3.2 The Economic Malaise
		3.3 The Cultural Malaise
		3.4 The Democratic Malaise
		3.5 Europe and Euroscepticism
	4 The Impact of the ‘Two Wars’
		4.1 The Covid-19 Restrictions
		4.2 The Russian Invasion of Ukraine
	5 Conclusion
	References
6 Outside the Ballot Box: Who Is the Italian Abstainer?
	1 Introduction
	2 Explaining Abstention
	3 The Coordinates of Non-voting in Italy
	4 The Social Profile of the Italian Abstainer
	5 Self-Reported Reasons
	6 The Drivers of Abstention at the 2022 Election
	7 Conclusions
	References
Methodological Note
The Electoral Analysis
The Analysis of Citizens’ Online Engagement with the Election Campaign
Index