Islam in the Eyes of the West: Images and Realities in an Age of Terror

Durham Modern Middle East and Islamic World Series......Page 3
Contents......Page 9
Contributors......Page 11
Acknowledgements......Page 13
Introduction......Page 14
The present context......Page 15
Cultural representations of the ‘Other’......Page 19
The historical context......Page 22
Overview of the book......Page 25
Notes......Page 29
1 The origin of difference......Page 32
Discourse theory and the “real Orient”......Page 34
Islamist ideologies as a form of “Orientalism in reverse”......Page 37
Ernest Renan, European Orientalism and Islamic reform......Page 41
Conclusion: from Islamic reform to Islamist revolution......Page 46
Notes......Page 48
The infantilism of the War on Terror......Page 56
Gratuitous evil......Page 59
God bless America......Page 63
Conclusion......Page 64
Notes......Page 65
3 Islam and Muslims as seen by the Christian Zionists......Page 68
Notes......Page 82
Introduction......Page 86
Popular cultural masculinities......Page 89
Vigilantism: a ‘new’ masculinity for the ‘new’ Islamic threat......Page 94
Vulnerable men, insecure masculinity......Page 102
Conclusion: winning a lost war?......Page 106
Notes......Page 108
5 Islam in the US......Page 115
Notes......Page 142
6 ‘Jihadiology’ and the problem of reaching a contemporary understanding of Jihad......Page 148
Populist Jihadiology......Page 149
Jihadiology in US legal documents......Page 153
Muslim conquests and Jihad......Page 158
Greater and lesser jihad......Page 162
Contemporary theory of jihad......Page 165
Jihad and jihadism......Page 169
In search of a modern doctrine of jihad......Page 170
The politics of Jihadism......Page 171
Notes......Page 174
7 Islam, Muslims, neighbors in Asia?......Page 179
Japanese intellectuals’ perceptions of Muslims/Islam in the pre-war period......Page 181
Post-war perceptions in the newspapers during the age of nationalism......Page 184
Disappearance of the feeling of solidarity with Muslims in the 1950s and 1960s with some remnants of sympathy on the basis of a shared non-European-ness......Page 186
The 1960s and 1970s: solidarity or images of violence within ‘nationalism’, not in Islam/Muslim societies......Page 189
1979: The impact of the Iranian Revolution: Islam seen as a “backward religion” or as a protest against Western civilization......Page 190
After the Gulf War: not a matter of Japan but a matter of “Islam vs. the West”......Page 195
A different perception of Muslim societies in Central Asia. Are they the same as the “radical” Islam in the Middle East? Asia or Islam?......Page 197
The difference between Islam and being a Muslim: perceived as a regional difference......Page 200
Conclusion......Page 202
Notes......Page 203
8 U.S. politics, media and Muslims in the post-9/11 era......Page 210
Notes......Page 221
Competing discourses on the meanings of violence......Page 227
Self and Other......Page 228
The naming of violence......Page 231
The Muslim as violent Other......Page 238
Keeping the Self pure......Page 242
Conclusion......Page 243
Notes......Page 245
Introduction......Page 249
Translation as a problem for relativism......Page 250
Commitment and entitlement......Page 251
Acknowledgment and consequence......Page 252
Anaphora......Page 253
Grasping the unfamiliar......Page 254
Interpreting behavior we object to......Page 259
Interpreting terrorism......Page 260
Scorekeeping and cultural integrity......Page 263
Determining the future by arguing about the past......Page 265
Contingency and cultural change......Page 267
Islam as a culture......Page 269
Conclusion......Page 273
Notes......Page 275
11 Applying “the McCarthy Test” to Canadian and American security legislation......Page 282
C-55: The Public Safety Act......Page 291
Conclusions: Lessons for and from Canada......Page 295
Anti-terrorism legislation: US lessons and questions......Page 297
Conclusion......Page 306
Notes......Page 307
12 Huntington’s “clash of civilizations”......Page 314
Some typical rumours......Page 316
No end to history......Page 317
Not simply a matter of mutual ethnocentrism......Page 319
No claim that Islam is inherently hostile or bloody......Page 320
Supporting Islamic power......Page 321
Opposing interventionism and Western or American hegemony......Page 323
Opposing Kemalism, supporting cultural authenticity......Page 326
Not a Western chauvinist......Page 327
Several Huntingtons?......Page 328
Equal but separate civilisations......Page 329
Huntington’s past reputation: authoritarianism......Page 330
Huntington, the conservative anti-Neocon......Page 331
Association with the Vietnam War......Page 333
Confusion with Bernard Lewis’s “Clash of Civilizations”......Page 334
A mapmaker, not necessarily an oversimplifi er......Page 335
Conclusion......Page 336
Notes......Page 337
13 Getting it wrong yet again......Page 349
Notes......Page 369
Index......Page 371