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ویرایش: نویسندگان: Huaqun Guo, Ian McLoughlin, Eyasu Getahun Chekole, Umayal Lakshmanan, Weizhi Meng, Peng Cheng Wang, Jiqiang Lu سری: ISBN (شابک) : 9811972214, 9789811972218 ناشر: Springer سال نشر: 2023 تعداد صفحات: 594 زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 20 مگابایت
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب IRC-SET 2022: Proceedings of the 8th IRC Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology, August 2022, Singapore به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب IRC-SET 2022: مجموعه مقالات هشتمین کنفرانس IRC در علم، مهندسی و فناوری، آگوست 2022، سنگاپور نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
Organizing Committee Preface Acknowledgments Contents Virtual Arm with Multimodal Biased Feedback for Improving EEG Motor Imagery Calibration Training 1 Introduction 1.1 Motor Imagery and Issues 1.2 Ongoing Research 2 Hypothesis and Objective 3 Experiment Design and Protocol 3.1 Non-MI Tasks 3.2 MI Task Trials 3.3 Biased Feedback 3.4 Session 1 Visual Stimuli: Symbols 3.5 Session 2 Visual Stimuli: Virtual Arm 4 Data Collection and Analysis 4.1 Participants and Recordings 4.2 Experimental Setup 4.3 Data Collection 4.4 Data Processing 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Classification Accuracies Across Subjects 5.2 Statistical Significance Testing 5.3 Limitations 6 Conclusion 7 Future Work References Extracting Cellulose from Commonly Consumed and Wasted Asian Vegetables 1 Introduction 2 Choosing Vegetable 3 Method of Extraction 4 Control Variables 5 Risk Assessment 6 Results 7 Limitations 8 Conclusion Appendix References Sustainable Nano-fibrous Scaffold for Dental Tissue Engineering 1 Introduction 1.1 Aim and Hypothesis 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Production and Purification of the Scaffolds 2.2 Drug Absorbance and Release 2.3 Cell Culture 2.4 MTS Assay 2.5 Immunostaining 2.6 Alizarin Staining 3 Results 4 Discussion 4.1 Structure of BNC and Significance Behind DPSCs 4.2 Cell Proliferation in BNC 4.3 Drug Release (Refer to Table 1 in Appendix) 4.4 Conclusion, Improvements and Future Work Appendix References Hanging a Painting 1 Introduction 2 Problem 2.1 Definitions 2.2 Problem Description 3 Removing 1 Out of n Nails 3.1 Basic Observations 3.2 Notations 3.3 Proving Our Basic Observations with These Notations 3.4 Solution for Any n 4 Removing k Out of n Nails 4.1 Special Cases 4.2 General Solution 5 Similar Problems 6 Further Investigations 7 Code for Generating Solutions Reference EEG-Based Assessment of the Influence of Music-Induced Emotions on Cognitive Task Performance 1 Introduction 2 Objective and Hypotheses 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Participants\' Perceptions of Task Efficacy are Inaccurate 4.2 Peaceful Music Induces Greater Variation in EEG Patterns 5 Conclusion References Manga Layout Analysis via Deep Learning 1 Background and Purpose 2 Literature Review 2.1 Instance Segmentation 2.2 Optical Character Recognition 2.3 Manga Layout Analysis 3 Methodology 3.1 Instance Segmentation 3.2 Face-Text Association 3.3 Text Order Determination 3.4 Optical Character Recognition 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Instance Segmentation 4.2 Face-Text Association 4.3 Text Order Determination 4.4 Optical Character Recognition 5 Conclusion References A Comparative Study on the Characteristics of the Inflow Path of Fine Dust and the Trend of Climate Change in Korea and Singapore Using Satellite Data 1 Introduction 1.1 Aim and Hypothesis 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 HYSPLIT 2.2 Giovanni 3 Results 3.1 Giovanni 3.2 HYSPLIT 4 Discussion 4.1 Giovanni 4.2 HYSPLIT 4.3 Improvements and Future Work References Analysis of Public Transport Accessibility of Different Areas in Singapore 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion Appendix 1—Master Plan 2019 Subzone Boundary (No Sea) Appendix 2—More Choropleths References Carbon Monoxide Concentration in Atmosphere—A Review 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 4 Performance Matrices 5 Analysis of Result Obtained by Various Researcher with Different Algorithms 6 Conclusion References Investigating Effects of Concentration, Angle, Diameter and Impact Velocity of Soap Film and Soap Droplet on Trajectory of Droplet 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 Key Findings 5 Discussion 5.1 Higher Distance is Equivalent to a Higher Likelihood of Droplet Penetration 5.2 Larger Angle is Equivalent to a Higher Likelihood of Droplet Penetration 5.3 Higher Width is Equivalent to a Higher Likelihood of Droplet Penetration 5.4 Droplets Tend to Penetrate When the Droplet Concentration is Greater than the Bubble Concentration 6 Limitations and Further Study 7 Conclusion Appendix References Using IMU to Determine Velocity of Falling Object and Hence Develop Framework to Optimize Parachute Size for Falling UAV 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Solution 3.1 How to Obtain Data 3.2 Maximal Impact Force 3.3 Terminal Velocity 4 Experiment 4.1 Experimental Design 4.2 IMU Coordinate System to Global Coordinate System 4.3 Data Processing 4.4 Results 5 Discussion and Conclusion 5.1 Extension to UAVs with Special Requirements 5.2 Limitations 5.3 Future Work References Deceiving Traffic Sign Recognition with Physical One-Pixel Attacks 1 Background 2 Experimental Goals 3 Methods 3.1 German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB) 3.2 Traffic Sign Recognition Model 3.3 Experimental Setup 3.4 Brute-Force Algorithm 3.5 Differential Evolution 3.6 Brute-Force Algorithm Enhanced with Differential Evolution 3.7 Physical Adversarial Attack 4 Results 4.1 Evaluation of Attack Algorithms 4.2 Physical Adversarial Attacks 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Automated Categorization of Mathematics Questions 1 Background and Purpose 2 Material and Method 2.1 Material 2.2 Method 3 Accuracy Analysis 3.1 Similarities Between Sample Questions 3.2 Testing with Past Year Papers 3.3 Final Application 4 Discussion 4.1 Small Sample Set 4.2 Time Complexity 4.3 Limitation Analysis 4.4 Possible Extension 4.5 Other Possible Applications of the Algorithm 5 Conclusion References Design of Cost-Effective Metasurface for Efficient Broadband Polarisation Conversion 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Designs 2.2 Optimisation Process 2.3 Finite Array Experimentation 3 Results 3.1 Simulated Unit Cell Performance 3.2 Performance of Finite Array of Cells 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Modelling of Taxi Drivers\' Decision-Making and Its Application on Optimising Changi Airport Taxi Management System 1 Introduction 2 Objective 3 Assumptions and Notations 3.1 Assumptions 3.2 Notations 4 Methodology 4.1 Decision-Making Model for Taxi Drivers Arriving at the Airports 4.2 Model of Pick-Up Points 4.3 Returning Model for Taxi Drivers 5 Data Analysis and Evaluation 5.1 Profit-Maximisation for Taxi Drivers 5.2 Optimal Distribution of Pick-Up Points 6 Discussion 6.1 Limitation 6.2 Future Extension 7 Conclusion References Identification of Mosquito Larvae in Drains Using Deep Learning 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) 2.2 Factors Affecting CNN Model 2.3 Previous Studies 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Parameters of the Dataset 3.3 The Model 3.4 Optimization of Epochs 4 Experimental Settings and Results 5 Conclusion References Mobile Computer Vision for Scout Teams 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Initial Review 2.2 Establishing Criteria for Analysis 2.3 Analysing the Models 2.4 Annotations 2.5 Model Learning 3 Results 3.1 Overfitting Prevention 3.2 Annotated Images Versus Accuracy 3.3 Train/Validation/Test Split 3.4 Quantisation 3.5 Final Results/Conclusion 4 Discussion 4.1 Difficulties 4.2 Comparison to Existing Results 4.3 Areas for Future Work References D-Pen—Personalised Practice with Assistive Pen for Young Dyslexic Learners Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 1.1 Background on Dyslexia 1.2 Theoretical Underpinning 1.3 Literature Review 1.4 Engineering Goals 2 Methodology 2.1 Overview of Approach 2.2 Hardware—camera System 2.3 AI for Dyslexic Handwriting Recognition 2.4 User Interface 3 Results 3.1 Effectiveness of Camera and Image Processing Method 3.2 Effectiveness of Camera and Image Processing Method 4 Discussion 4.1 Comparing Effectiveness of Hardware Setups: Camera Versus IMU System 4.2 Comparing Performance of FNN, 1D-CNN, 2D-CNN and RNN 4.3 Evaluating Overall Feasibility of Assistive Tool 5 Limitations and Further Work 6 Conclusion Appendix References Image Geolocation from Alternative Cues 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 IM2GPS 2.2 PlaNet 2.3 Geolocation Estimation 2.4 Geolocation Using Image Metadata 3 Methodology and Approach 3.1 Baseline Geolocation Algorithm 3.2 Metadata Processing 3.3 Metadata Conversion 3.4 Support Vector Regression (SVR) 4 Evaluation Metrics and Results 4.1 Cumulative Accuracy 4.2 Baseline Geolocation Algorithm 4.3 Proposed Support Vector Regression (SVR) Model Using Metadata 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Measurement of Electromagnetic Emissions from Smart Devices Within Faraday’s Box 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Shielded Box 2.2 Emission Recordings 3 Results 3.1 Device Emissions—Box A 3.2 Device Emissions - Box B 4 Discussion 4.1 Limitations Due to COVID-19 4.2 Analysis of Different Devices 5 Conclusion Appendix 1: Boxes Wrapped with Different Materials Appendix 2: Resources Used References Self-supervised Learning for 3D CT Scan Segmentation 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Supervised Methods 3.1 Self-supervised Methods 4 Experiments 4.1 Downstream Hyperparameters 4.2 Dataset 5 Data and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Investigation of Properties of Patterned Dielectric Superlattice Using Computational Methods 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Periodic Superlattice Potentials 2.2 Hamiltonian Formation 2.3 Computational Methodology 3 Results/Discussion 3.1 Graphene PDSL 3.2 TMD PDSL 4 Limitations/Future Studies 5 Conclusion Appendix References Engineering Ticks and Mosquitos’ Salivary Peptides into Potent and Uncleavable Thrombin Inhibitor 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 HAU Generation via Hybridisation of Anophelin and Ultravariegin Fragments 2.2 HAU Half-Life Estimation by Incubation with Thrombin 2.3 HAU Potency Determination by Chromogenic Assay 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Investigating Factors Affecting Upstream Contamination 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Theoretical Analysis 2.2 Experimentation 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Appendix References Effectiveness of Videos and Infographics in Education of Lower Back Pain 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Videos 1.3 Infographics 1.4 Objective of Study 2 Methodology 2.1 Methodological Approach 2.2 Parameters Tested for Effectiveness 2.3 Methods of Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effectiveness of Infographics and Videos 3.2 Engagement Level 3.3 Confidence Level of Participants 3.4 Educational Level of Participants Affects Gain-In-Knowledge 4 Conclusion and Future Studies References Analysis of Chemical Transport by IPSC-Derived Proximal Tubular Cell (PTC)-Like Cells and Other Emerging Human Kidney Cell Models for Drug Toxicity Screening 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Cell Culture 2.2 Determination of 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-CF) Uptake in Various Media 2.3 Transporter Assay/Determination of OAT1- and OAT3 Activities 3 Results 3.1 Formulation of Renal Tox Medium 3.2 Determination of 6-CF Uptake by PTC-Like Cells and CiPTEC-OAT1 and -OAT3 Cells 3.3 Functional Activity of OAT1 and OAT3 in Different PTC Models 4 Conclusion 5 Supplementary Material 5.1 Details of Cell Culture 5.2 Details of Determining of 6-CF Uptake 5.3 Details of Determining of OAT1 and OAT3 Activities References Development of a 3D-Printable Hydrogel-Based Antimicrobial Film 1 Introduction 1.1 Composition of Hydrogel-Based Film 1.2 Colistin as Encapsulated Antimicrobial 1.3 Extrusion-Based 3D Printing 1.4 Research Question 2 Methodology 2.1 Preparation of Gellan Gum-HPMC Hydrogel 2.2 Optimisation of Gel Formulation: Rheological Tests 2.3 Optimisation of Hydrogel 3D Printing 2.4 Agar Well Diffusion Assay 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Optimisation of Gel Formulation: Rheological Tests 3.2 Optimised 3D-Printed Samples 3.3 Agar Well Diffusion Assay 4 Conclusions and Future Work References Maritime Monitoring via Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Constellation 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Literature Review 2 Methodology 2.1 Ground Stations 2.2 Contact Analysis 2.3 Determination of Property of Each Satellite 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effects of Changes to Inclination 3.2 Effects of Change in Number of Planes 3.3 Effects of Changes in Number of Satellites per Plane 3.4 Effects of Combinations of Number of Planes and Satellites 4 Conclusion 4.1 Limitations and Future Work References Crowd-Clustering Detection and Dispersion Robot 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Assumptions 2.2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Experimentation on Processing (Simulation Software) 3.2 Crowd Clustering Algorithm Accuracy 3.3 Buzzer 3.4 Integrated Arduino Code and Hardware 4 Discussion 4.1 Experimentation 4.2 Calculation of Distance from RSSI Values 4.3 Challenges 4.4 Limitations 5 Conclusion 6 Future Work References Synthesis of a Hyper-Porous Fluorinated Covalent Organic Framework with Customisable Sites 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Synthesis of Monomers 2.2 Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) 2.3 Characterisation of COFs 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 COF Crystallinity and Comparison 3.2 Effect of Fluorination on COF Porosity 3.3 Difference in Porosity Between Knot Units 4 Future Work 5 Conclusion References Potential for Biodiesel Production and Growth Rates of Four Microalgae Strains in Three Commonly Used Algae Growth Media 1 Introduction 1.1 Literature Review 2 Materials 2.1 Algae 2.2 Growth Media 3 Methods 3.1 Overview of Procedures 3.2 Investigation of Algae Growth Rates 3.3 Large-Scale Culturing 3.4 Harvesting and Oil Extraction 3.5 Transesterification into Biodiesel 3.6 Testing of Biodiesel for Completeness of Chemical Reaction 4 Results 4.1 Growth Rate 4.2 Oil Yield 4.3 Quality Test 5 Discussion 5.1 Growth Rate 5.2 Oil Yield 5.3 Quality Test 5.4 Conclusion 5.5 Limitations References Evaluation of Calibration Paradigms to Improve Wearable EEG-Based Attention Recognition 1 Introduction 2 Research Objectives and Experimental Protocol 3 Data Analysis and Results 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Jensen-Shannon Divergence of Quantum Hashing Algorithms Based on Quantum Walk 1 Introduction 2 Classical Hashing Algorithms 3 Random Walk and Quantum Walk 3.1 Random Walk 3.2 Quantum Walk 4 Quantum Hashing Algorithms 4.1 Interacting Quantum Walks on Circles 5 Cross Entropy 5.1 Kullback-Leibler Divergence 5.2 Jensen-Shannon Divergence 6 Results 7 Conclusion References Characterisation of Cellular Uptake of Red Blood Cell Extracellular Vesicles (RBCEVs) 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Materials 2.1 Cell Culture 2.2 Quantification of EV Uptake 2.3 Imaging of EV Uptake 2.4 Inhibiting EV Uptake 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Quantification of EV Uptake 3.2 Imaging of EV Uptake 3.3 Inhibiting RBCEVs Uptake in Ca1a Cells 4 Conclusions and Future Work References Vortex-Ring Interactions with Lattice-Based Wall 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Baseline Case: Impingement on a Flat Wall 3.2 Test Case 1: Impingement on Square Lattice of D = 1 mm Pins Placed at 10 mm Intervals 3.3 Test Case 2: Impingement on Square Lattice of D = 1 mm Pins Placed at 5 mm Intervals 3.4 Test Case 3: Impingement on Square Lattice of D = 2.5 mm Pins Placed at 10 mm Intervals 3.5 Test Case 4: Impingement on Square Lattice of D = 2.5 mm Pins Placed at 5 mm Intervals 3.6 Effects of Varying Pins Size and Spacing 4 An Alternative Option for Wake Turbulence Dissipation 5 Conclusions References Calcium Phosphate/Collagen Ratio in Bone Grafts Influences Bone Repair in a Rabbit Femoral Condyle Defect Model 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 In vitro Degradation Assay 2.2 In vivo Biological Evaluation 2.3 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 3.1 In vitro Degradation Assay 3.2 In vivo Biological Evaluation 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Appendix References Adversarial Attacks Against Detecting Bot Generated Text 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Attacks in Natural Language Processing (NLP) 2.2 Attacks on Neural Text Detectors 2.3 Context of the Attack 3 Method 3.1 Datasets 3.2 Problem Formulation 3.3 Attacks 3.4 Defence 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Reducing the Diagnostic Odyssey for Patients with Neuromuscular Disorders (NMDs) 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Clinical Presentation of Patients 2.2 NGS Workflow 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Case 1 3.2 Case 2 3.3 Case 3 3.4 Limitations 4 Conclusion Appendix: ACMG Curation and Pathogenicity Calls References Cost-Free Structural Elucidation of Ctriporin in Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) and Dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) Micelles 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Literature Review 1.3 Project Aim 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 NMRFAM-Sparky 3 Results 3.1 Bar Graph 3.2 3D Surface Graph 3.3 Chord Diagram 3.4 Radar Chart 3.5 Secondary Structure Analysis 3.6 3D Model 4 Discussion 4.1 3D Surface Graph 4.2 Chord Diagram 4.3 Radar Chart 4.4 Secondary Structure Analysis 4.5 3D Model 4.6 Identification of Key Secondary Structures Appendix References Heterotrophic Cultivation of Microalgae in Food Waste Digestate for Simultaneous Biomass Production and Nutrient Remediation 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Filtration of Food Waste Digestate 2.2 Pre-cultivation of Microalgal Strains 2.3 Cultivation of Different Microalgal Strains in Filtered Food Waste Digestate 2.4 Cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana in Different Concentrations of Glucose and Digestate 2.5 Analytical Methods 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Growth of Different Microalgal Strains in FW Digestate 3.2 Growth of Chlorella sorokiniana in Different Glucose Concentrations 3.3 Growth of Chlorella sorokiniana in Different Digestate Concentrations 3.4 Biomass Production and Nutrient Remediation of Chlorella sorokiniana in Different Glucose and Digestate Concentrations 4 Conclusion References Automatic Detection of Vaccination and Covid-19 Falsehoods in Social Media 1 Introduction 1.1 Background Introduction 1.2 Fundamental Theory for Natural Language Processing in Fake News Detection 1.3 Literature Review 1.4 Engineering Goal 2 Methodology 2.1 Datasets 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Overall Feasibility 3.2 Decreasing Accuracy as Information Gets More Specific 3.3 Across Models 4 Implications 5 Limitations 6 Future Works 7 Conclusion Appendices Appendix 1—LSTM Diagram Appendix 2—Overall Results Appendix 3—Accuracy Across Categories Appendix 4—Confusion Matrices Across Categories Appendix 5—PR Curve Across Categories Appendix 6—Accuracy Against Character Count Across Categories Appendix 7—Misclassification Examples Appendix 8—Website with Prototype UI References Modelling Singapore’s Covid-19 Pandemic Using SEIRQV and Hybrid Epidemiological Models 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Hybrid Modelling 2.2 AI Model 2.3 KF Model 3 The SEIRQV Mathematical Model 4 Mathematical Approach to Predicting Pandemic Trajectory 4.1 Observing Dynamics of Extended SEIQR Model 5 Methodology 5.1 Pure Mathematical Model 5.2 Hybrid AI Model 5.3 SEIRD + KF Model 6 Results and Discussion 6.1 SEIRQV Model Simulation 6.2 SIR-LSTM Hybrid AI Model 6.3 SIR-KF Model 7 Limitations 7.1 Pure Mathematical Model 7.2 SIR-LSTM Hybrid AI Model 7.3 Kalman-SIR Hybrid Model 8 Conclusion Appendix References Determining Effects of Urea on the Structure of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Titration of DENV-2 Against Urea 2.2 Confocal Microscopy of DENV-2 in Urea 3 Results 3.1 Steady-State FRET Measurements Through Urea Titration 3.2 Time-Resolved FRET Through Confocal Microscopy 4 Conclusion 5 Future Work Appendix: Method Details Dual-labelling of DENV-2 with AlexaFluor 488-TFP Ester and DiI Titration of DENV-2 Against Urea Confocal Microscopy of DENV-2 in Urea References Honeypot for Cybersecurity Threat Intelligence 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Design and Approach of the Honeypot 3.1 Architecture of the Honeypot 3.2 Approach 4 Implementation 4.1 Web Hosting 4.2 Dashboard 5 Results 5.1 Phase 1 5.2 Phase 2 5.3 Phase 3 5.4 Summary 6 Conclusions References Automatic Detection of Age-Related Macular Degeneration from Optical Coherence Tomography Images 1 Introduction 1.1 Background and Purpose of Research Area 1.2 Hypothesis of Research 2 Methodology 2.1 Image Requisition and Data Processing 2.2 Data Collection 3 Results 3.1 Stage 1 3.2 Stage 2 4 Conclusion 4.1 Discussion of Results 4.2 Implications 4.3 Limitations References