Iraq (Middle East: Region in Transition)

TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
INTRODUCTION......Page 11
CHAPTER 1 LAND......Page 20
RELIEF......Page 21
AL-JAZIRAH......Page 22
THE NORTHEAST......Page 24
DRAINAGE......Page 25
SOILS......Page 27
CLIMATE......Page 28
PLANT AND ANIMAL LIFE......Page 30
CHAPTER 2 PEOPLE......Page 33
KURDS......Page 34
RELIGION......Page 36
SHI‘ITES......Page 37
SUNNIS......Page 39
RURAL SETTLEMENT......Page 40
URBAN SETTLEMENT......Page 42
DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS......Page 47
CHAPTER 3 ECONOMY......Page 51
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT......Page 52
STATE CONTROL......Page 53
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHING......Page 54
RESOURCES AND POWER......Page 56
PETROLEUM......Page 57
OIL PIPELINES......Page 58
OTHER MINERALS AND ENERGY......Page 59
MANUFACTURING......Page 60
FINANCE......Page 62
SERVICES......Page 64
LABOUR AND TAXATION......Page 65
TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS......Page 66
CHAPTER 4 GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY......Page 69
LOCAL GOVERNMENT......Page 72
POLITICAL PROCESS......Page 73
SECURITY......Page 74
HEALTH AND WELFARE......Page 76
HOUSING......Page 78
EDUCATION......Page 79
DAILY LIFE AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS......Page 81
THE ARTS......Page 83
CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS......Page 85
SPORTS AND RECREATION......Page 87
MEDIA AND PUBLISHING......Page 89
IRAQ FROM C. 600 TO 1055......Page 90
THE ARAB CONQUEST AND THE EARLY ISLAMIC PERIOD......Page 93
THE ‘ABBASID CALIPHATE......Page 96
THE BUYID PERIOD (932–1062)......Page 104
IRAQ FROM 1055 TO 1534......Page 108
THE SELJUQS (1055–1152)......Page 109
THE LATER ‘ABBASIDS (1152–1258)......Page 111
THE MONGOL IL-KHANS (1258–1335)......Page 113
IL-KHANID SUCCESSORS (1335–1410)......Page 116
THE TURKMEN (1410–1508)......Page 117
THE SAFAVIDS (1508–34)......Page 119
OTTOMAN IRAQ (1534–1918)......Page 120
THE 16TH-CENTURY CONQUEST OF IRAQ AND THE REGIME IMPOSED BY SÜLEYMAN I......Page 121
THE LOCAL DESPOTISMS IN THE 17TH CENTURY......Page 123
THE 18TH-CENTURY MAMLUK REGIME......Page 124
THE FALL OF THE MAMLUKS AND THE CONSOLIDATION OF BRITISH INTERESTS......Page 129
MID-19TH-CENTURY OTTOMAN REFORMS......Page 130
THE GOVERNORSHIP OF MIDHAT PASA......Page 132
THE END OF OTTOMAN RULE......Page 135
BRITISH OCCUPATION AND THE MANDATORY REGIME......Page 137
INDEPENDENCE, 1932–39......Page 143
WORLD WAR II AND BRITISH INTERVENTION, 1939–45......Page 146
POSTWAR RECONSTRUCTION AND SOCIAL UPHEAVALS, 1945–58......Page 150
THE REPUBLIC OF IRAQ......Page 155
THE 1958 REVOLUTION AND ITS AFTERMATH......Page 156
THE REVOLUTION OF 1968......Page 163
IRAQ UNDER SADDAM HUSSEIN......Page 174
CONCLUSION......Page 199
GLOSSARY......Page 201
GEOGRAPHY......Page 203
HISTORY......Page 204
INDEX......Page 206
BACK COVER......Page 213