IoT and Edge Computing for Architects: Implementing edge and IoT systems from sensors to clouds with communication systems, analytics, and security, 2nd Edition

Cover
Copyright
Packt page
Contributors
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: IoT and Edge Computing Definition and Use Cases
	History of the IoT
	IoT potential
	Definition of the Internet of Things
		Industry and manufacturing
			Industrial and manufacturing IoT use cases
		Consumer
			Consumer IoT use cases
		Retail, finance, and marketing
			Retail, finance, and marketing IoT use cases
		Healthcare
			Healthcare IoT use cases
		Transportation and logistics
			Transportation and logistics IoT use cases
		Agricultural and environment
			Agricultural and environmental IoT use cases
		Energy
			Energy IoT use cases
		Smart city
			Smart city IoT use cases
		Military and government
			Government and military IoT use cases
	Example use case and deployment
		Case study – Telemedicine palliative care
			Requirements
			Implementation
		Use case retrospective
	Summary
Chapter 2: IoT Architecture and Core IoT Modules
	A connected ecosystem
		IoT versus machine-to-machine versus SCADA
		The value of a network and Metcalfe's and Beckstrom's laws
		IoT and edge architecture
		Role of an architect
	Part 1 – Sensing and power
	Part 2 – Data communication
	Part 3 – Edge computing
	Part 4 – Compute, analytics, and machine learning
	Part 5 – Threat and security in IoT
	Summary
Chapter 3: Sensors, Endpoints, and Power Systems
	Sensing devices
		Thermocouples and temperature sensing
			Thermocouples
			Resistance temperature detectors
			Thermistors
			Temperature sensor summary
		Hall effect sensors and current sensors
		Photoelectric sensors
		PIR sensors
		LiDAR and active sensing systems
		MEMS sensors
			MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes
			MEMS microphones
			MEMS pressure sensors
	High performance IoT endpoints
		Vision systems
		Sensor fusion
		Output devices
	Functional examples (putting it all together)
		Functional example – TI SensorTag CC2650
		Sensor to controller
	Energy sources and power management
		Power management
		Energy harvesting
			Solar harvesting
			Piezo-mechanical harvesting
			RF energy harvesting
			Thermal harvesting
		Energy storage
			Energy and power models
			Batteries
			Supercapacitors
			Radioactive power sources
			Energy storage summary and other forms of power
	Summary
Chapter 4: Communications and Information Theory
	Communication theory
		RF energy and theoretical range
		RF interference
	Information theory
		Bitrate limits and the Shannon-Hartley theorem
		Bit error rate
		Narrowband versus wideband communication
	The radio spectrum
		Governing structure
	Summary
Chapter 5: Non-IP Based WPAN
	802.15 standards
	Bluetooth
		Bluetooth history
		Bluetooth 5 communication process and topologies
		Bluetooth 5 stack
			Bluetooth stack elements
			Bluetooth 5 PHY and interference
		BR/EDR operation
		BLE roles
		BLE operation
		Bluetooth profiles
		BR/EDR security
			BLE security
		Beaconing
		Bluetooth 5 range and speed enhancement
		Bluetooth mesh
			Bluetooth mesh
			Bluetooth mesh topology
			Bluetooth mesh addressing modes
			Bluetooth mesh provisioning
		Bluetooth 5.1 technology
			Bluetooth 5.1 direction finding
			Bluetooth 5.1 GATT caching
			Bluetooth 5.1 randomized advertising channel indexing
			Bluetooth 5.1 periodic advertising sync transfer
			Bluetooth 5.1 minor enhancements
	IEEE 802.15.4
		IEEE 802.15.4 architecture
		IEEE 802.15.4 topology
		IEEE 802.15.4 address modes and packet structure
		IEEE 802.15.4 start-up sequence
		IEEE 802.15.4 security
	Zigbee
		Zigbee history
		Zigbee overview
		Zigbee PHY and MAC (and difference from IEEE 802.15.4)
		Zigbee protocol stack
		Zigbee addressing and packet structure
		Zigbee mesh routing
			Zigbee association
		Zigbee security
	Z-Wave
		Z-Wave overview
		Z-Wave protocol stack
		Z-Wave addressing
		Z-Wave topology and routing
	Summary
Chapter 6: IP-Based WPAN and WLAN
	TCP/IP
	WPAN with IP – 6LoWPAN
	IEEE 802.11 protocols and WLAN
		IEEE 802.11 suite of protocols and comparison
		IEEE 802.11 architecture
		IEEE 802.11 spectrum allocation
		IEEE 802.11 modulation and encoding techniques
		IEEE 802.11 MIMO
		IEEE 802.11 packet structure
		IEEE 802.11 operation
		IEEE 802.11 security
		IEEE 802.11ac
		IEEE 802.11p vehicle-to-vehicle
		IEEE 802.11ah
		6LoWPAN topologies
		6LoWPAN protocol stack
		Mesh addressing and routing
		Header compression and fragmentation
		Neighbor discovery
		6LoWPAN security
	WPAN with IP – Thread
		Thread architecture and topology
		The Thread protocol stack
		Thread routing
		Thread addressing
		Neighbor discovery
	Summary
Chapter 7: Long-Range Communication Systems and Protocols (WAN)
	Cellular connectivity
		Governance models and standards
		Cellular access technologies
		3GPP user equipment categories
		4G LTE spectrum allocation and bands
		4G LTE topology and architecture
		4G LTE E-UTRAN protocol stack
		4G LTE geographical areas, dataflow, and handover procedures
		4G LTE packet structure
		Cat-0, Cat-1, Cat-M1, and NB-IoT
			LTE Cat-0
			LTE Cat-1
			LTE Cat-M1 (eMTC)
			LTE Cat-NB
		Multefire, CBRS, and shared spectrum cellular
		5G
			5G frequency distribution
			5G RAN architecture
			5G Core architecture
			5G security and registration
			Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLCC)
			Fine-grain time-division duplexing (TDD) and low-latency HARQ
			Network slicing
			5G energy considerations
	LoRa and LoRaWAN
		LoRa physical layer
		LoRaWAN MAC layer
		LoRaWAN topology
		LoRaWAN summary
	Sigfox
		Sigfox physical layer
		Sigfox MAC layer
		Sigfox protocol stack
		Sigfox topology
	Summary
Chapter 8: Edge Computing
	Edge purpose and definition
	Edge use cases
	Edge hardware architectures
		Processors
			Speed and power
			Registers
			Instruction set architectures (ISAs)
			Endianness
			Processor parallelism
			Caches and memory hierarchy
			Other processor characteristics
		DRAM and volatile memory
		Storage and non-volatile memory
			Storage classes and interfaces
			NAND flash memory design and considerations
		Low-speed IO
		High-speed IO
		Hardware assist and coprocessing
		Boot and security modules
		Examples of edge hardware
		Ingress protection
	Operating systems
		Operating system choice points
		Typical boot process
		Operating system tuning
	Edge platforms
		Virtualization
		Containers
			Container architecture
			An Edge platform ‒ Microsoft Azure IOT Edge
	Use cases for edge computing
		Ambient computing
		Synthetic sensing
	Summary
Chapter 9: Edge Routing and Networking
	TCP/IP network functions at the edge
		Routing functions
		PAN-to-WAN bridging
		Failover and out-of-band management
	Edge-level network security
		VLANs
		VPN
		Traffic shaping and QoS
		Security functions
		Metrics and analytics
	Software-defined networking
		SDN architecture
		Traditional internetworking
		SDN benefits
	Summary
Chapter 10: Edge to Cloud Protocols
	Protocols
	MQTT
		MQTT publish-subscribe
		MQTT architecture details
		MQTT state transitions
		MQTT packet structure
		MQTT data types
		MQTT communication formats
		MQTT 3.1.1 working example
	MQTT-SN
		MQTT-SN architecture and topology
		Transparent and aggregating gateways
		Gateway advertisement and discovery
		Differences between MQTT and MQTT-SN
		Choosing a MQTT broker
	Constrained Application Protocol
		CoAP architecture details
		CoAP messaging formats
		CoAP usage example
	Other protocols
		STOMP
		AMQP
	Protocol summary and comparison
	Summary
Chapter 11: Cloud and Fog Topologies
	Cloud services model
		NaaS
		SaaS
		PaaS
		IaaS
	Public, private, and hybrid cloud
		Private cloud
		Public cloud
		Hybrid cloud
	The OpenStack cloud architecture
		Keystone – identity and service management
		Glance – image service
		Nova compute
		Swift – object storage
		Neutron – networking services
		Cinder – block storage
		Horizon
		Heat – orchestration (optional)
		Ceilometer – telemetry (optional)
	Constraints of cloud architectures for IoT
		Latency effect
	Fog computing
		The Hadoop philosophy for fog computing
		Comparing fog, edge, cloud, and mist computing
		OpenFog reference architecture
			Application services
			Application support
			Node management and software backplane
			Hardware virtualization
			OpenFog node security
			Network
			Accelerators
			Compute
			Storage
			Hardware platform infrastructure
			Protocol abstraction
			Sensors, actuators, and control systems
		EdgeX
			EdgeX architecture
			EdgeX projects and additional components
		Amazon Greengrass and Lambda
		Fog topologies
	Summary
Chapter 12: Data Analytics and Machine Learning in the Cloud and Edge
	Basic data analytics in IoT
		Top-level cloud pipeline
		Rules engines
		Ingestion – streaming, processing, and data lakes
		Complex event processing
		Lambda architecture
		Sector use cases
	Machine learning in IoT
		A brief history of AI and machine learning milestones
		Machine learning models
		Classification
		Regression
		Random forest
		Bayesian models
		Convolutional neural networks
			First layer and filters
			Max pooling and subsampling
			The fundamental deep learning model
			CNN examples
			Vernacular of CNNs
			Forward propagation, CNN training, and backpropagation
		Recurrent neural networks
		Training and inference for IoT
	IoT data analytics and machine learning comparison and assessment
	Summary
Chapter 13: IoT and Edge Security
	Cybersecurity vernacular
		Attack and threat terms
		Defense terms
	Anatomy of IoT cyber attacks
		Mirai
		Stuxnet
		Chain Reaction
	Physical and hardware security
		RoT
		Key management and trusted platform modules
		Processor and memory space
		Storage security
		Physical security
	Shell security
	Cryptography
		Symmetric cryptography
		Asymmetric cryptography
		Cryptographic hash (authentication and signing)
		Public key infrastructure
		Network stack – Transport Layer Security
	Software-Defined Perimeter
		SDP architecture
	Blockchains and cryptocurrencies in IoT
		Bitcoin (blockchain-based)
		IOTA and directed acyclical graph-based (DAG) trust models
	Government regulations and intervention
		US Congressional Bill –Internet of Things (IoT) Cybersecurity Improvement Act of 2017
		Other governmental bodies
	IoT security best practices
		Holistic security
		Security checklist
	Summary
Chapter 14: Consortiums and Communities
	PAN consortia
		Bluetooth
		Thread Group
		Zigbee Alliance
		Miscellaneous
	Protocol consortia
		Open Connectivity Foundation and Allseen Alliance
		OASIS
		Object Management Group
		OMA Specworks
		Miscellaneous
	WAN consortia
		Weightless SIG
		LoRa Alliance
		Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
		Wi-Fi Alliance
	Fog and edge consortia
		OpenFog
		Eclipse Foundation and EdgeX Foundry
	Umbrella organizations
		Industrial Internet Consortium
		IEEE IoT
		Miscellaneous
	US government IoT and security entities
	Industrial and Commercial IoT and Edge
		Commercial and industrial sensor and MEMS manufacturers and vendors
		PAN communication companies
		Operating system, middleware, and software companies
		Cloud providers
	Summary
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