Investigating Biology Lab Manual, Global Edition

Cover
Title
Copyright
Preface
Contents
1 Scientific Investigation
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 1.1 Questions and Hypotheses
		Exercise 1.2 Designing Experiments to Test Hypotheses
		Exercise 1.3 Designing an Experiment
		Exercise 1.4 Presenting and Analyzing Results
		Exercise 1.5 Interpreting and Communicating Results
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
	References
	Websites
2 Microscopes and Cells
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 2.1 The Compound Light Microscope
		Exercise 2.2 Basic Microscope Techniques
		Exercise 2.3 The Stereoscopic Microscope
		Exercise 2.4 The Transmission Electron Microscope
		Exercise 2.5 The Organization of Cells
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
3 Diffusion and Osmosis
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 3.1 Diffusion of Molecules
		Exercise 3.2 Osmotic Activity in Cells
		Exercise 3.3 Investigating Osmolarity of Plant Cells
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
	References
	Websites
4 Enzymes
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 4.1 Experimental Method and the Action of Catechol Oxidase
		Exercise 4.2 Inhibiting the Action of Catechol Oxidase
		Exercise 4.3 Influence of Concentration, pH, and Temperature on the Activity of Amylase
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
	References
	Websites
5 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 5.1 Alcoholic Fermentation
		Exercise 5.2 Cellular Respiration
		Exercise 5.3 Designing and Performing Your Open-Inquiry Investigation
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
	References
	Websites
6 Photosynthesis
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 6.1 The Wavelengths of Light for Photosynthesis
		Exercise 6.2 Pigments in Photosynthesis
		Exercise 6.3 Separation and Identification of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography
		Exercise 6.4 Determining the Absorption Spectrum for Leaf Pigments
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
	References
	Websites
7 Mitosis and Meiosis
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 7.1 Modeling the Cell Cycle and Mitosis in an Animal Cell
		Exercise 7.2 Observing Mitosis and Cytokinesis in Plant Cells
		Exercise 7.3 Observing Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis in Animal Cells
		Exercise 7.4 Modeling Meiosis
		Exercise 7.5 Meiosis in Sordaria fimicola: A Study of Crossing Over
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
8 Mendelian Genetics I: Fast Plants
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 8.1 Inheritance of Anthocyanin Gene
		Exercise 8.2 Inheritance of Plant Color: Green, Yellow-Green, and Purple (Anthocyanin Present)
		Exercise 8.3 Inheritance of Variegated and Nonvariegated Leaf Color
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
	References
	Websites
9 
Mendelian Genetics II: Drosophila
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 9.1 Establishing the Enzyme Reaction Controls
		Exercise 9.2 Determining the Pattern of Inheritance of the Aldox Gene
		Exercise 9.3 Determining Parental Genotypes Using Evidence from Progeny
		Exercise 9.4 Mapping Genes
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
	References
	Websites
10 Molecular Biology
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 10.1 Mapping DNA Using Restriction Enzymes and Electrophoresis
		Exercise 10.2 Practice Problem for Mapping DNA
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
11 Population Genetics: The Hardy-Weinberg Principle
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 11.1 Testing Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Using a Bead Model
		Exercise 11.2 Simulation of Evolutionary Change Using the Bead Model
		Exercise 11.3 Open-Inquiry Computer Simulation of Evolution
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
	References
	Websites
12 Bacteriology
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 12.1 Investigating Characteristics of Bacteria
		Exercise 12.2 Ecological Succession of Bacteria in Milk
		Exercise 12.3 Bacteria in the Environment
		Exercise 12.4 Controlling the Growth of Bacteria
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
13 Protists
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 13.1 Supergroup Excavata
		Exercise 13.2 Supergroup “SAR”
		Exercise 13.3 Supergroup Unikonta
		Exercise 13.4 Supergroup Archaeplastida
		Exercise 13.5 Designing and Performing an Open-Inquiry Investigation
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
14 Plant Diversity I: Bryophytes (Nonvascular Plants) and Seedless Vascular Plants
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 14.1 Bryophytes (Nonvascular Plants)
		Exercise 14.2 Seedless Vascular Plants
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
15 Plant Diversity II: Seed Plants
	Laboratory Objectives
		Exercise 15.1 Gymnosperms
		Exercise 15.2 Angiosperms
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
16 Bioinformatics: Molecular Phylogeny of Plants
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 16.1 Establishing Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships Among Rubisco Large Subunit Genes
		Exercise 16.2 Analyzing Phylogenetic Trees and Reporting Results
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
17 The Kingdom Fungi
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 17.1 A Survey of Major Fungal Groups
		Exercise 17.2 Designing and Performing an Open-Inquiry Investigation
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
18 Animal Diversity I: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, and Annelida
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 18.1 Phylum Porifera—Sponges (Scypha)
		Exercise 18.2 Phylum Cnidaria—Hydras (Hydra)
		Exercise 18.3 Phylum Platyhelminthes—Planarians (Dugesia)
		Exercise 18.4 Phylum Mollusca—Clams
		Exercise 18.5 Phylum Annelida—Clamworms (Nereis) and Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris)
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
19 Animal Diversity II: Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata
	Exercise 19.1 Phylum Nematoda—Roundworms (Ascaris)
		Exercise 19.2 Phylum Arthropoda
		Exercise 19.3 Phylum Echinodermata—Sea Star
		Exercise 19.4 Phylum Chordata
	Reviewing Your Knowledge—Lab Topics 18 and 19
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
20 Plant Anatomy
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 20.1 Plant Morphology
		Exercise 20.2 Plant Primary Growth and Development
		Exercise 20.3 Cell Structure of Primary Tissues
		Exercise 20.4 Structure of Tissues Produced by Secondary Growth
		Exercise 20.5 Grocery Store Botany: Modifications of Plant Organs
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
21 Plant Growth
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 21.1 Factors Influencing Seed Germination
		Exercise 21.2 Plant Growth Regulators: Auxin
		Exercise 21.3 Plant Growth Regulators: Gibberellins
		Exercise 21.4 Designing and Performing an Open-Inquiry Investigation
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations,Videos, and Data Table
	References
	Websites
22 Vertebrate Anatomy I: The Skin and Digestive System
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 22.1 Histology of the Skin
		Exercise 22.2 Introduction to the Fetal Pig
		Exercise 22.3 The Digestive System in the Fetal Pig
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Case Study
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
23 Vertebrate Anatomy II: The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 23.1 Glands and Respiratory Structures of the Neck and Thoracic Cavity
		Exercise 23.2 The Heart and the Pulmonary Blood Circuit
		Exercise 23.3 The Heart and the Systemic Circuit in the Thorax
		Exercise 23.4 The Systemic Circuit in the Abdominal Cavity
		Exercise 23.5 Blood
		Exercise 23.6 Fetal Pig Circulation
		Exercise 23.7 Details of the Respiratory System
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Case Studies
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
24 Vertebrate Anatomy III: The Excretory, Reproductive, and Nervous Systems
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 24.1 The Excretory System
		Exercise 24.2 The Reproductive System
		Exercise 24.3 Nervous Tissue, the Reflex Arc, and the Vertebrate Eye
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Case Studies
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
25 Animal Development
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 25.1 Development in Echinoderms: Sea Urchin and Sea Star
		Exercise 25.2 Development in an Amphibian
		Exercise 25.3 Development in the Zebrafish
		Exercise 25.4 Development in a Bird: The Chicken
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
26 Animal Behavior
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 26.1 Taxis in Brine Shrimp
		Exercise 26.2 Kinesis in Pill Bugs
		Exercise 26.3 Agonistic Display in Male Siamese Fighting Fish
		Exercise 26.4 Reproductive Behavior in Fruit Flies
		Exercise 26.5 Designing and Performing Your Open-Inquiry Investigation
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
27 Ecology I: Terrestrial Ecology
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 27.1 Biotic Components
		Exercise 27.2 Abiotic Components
		Exercise 27.3 Data Analysis
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Optional Exercise 27.1
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables
	References
	Websites
28 Ecology II: Computer Simulations of a Pond Ecosystem
	Laboratory Objectives
	Introduction
		Exercise 28.1 Computer Model of the Pond Ecosystem
		Exercise 28.2 Investigating the Effects of Disturbance on the Pond Ecosystem
	Reviewing Your Knowledge
	Applying Your Knowledge
	Investigative Extensions
	Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos
	References
	Websites
Appendix A Scientific Writing and Communication
Appendix B The Metric System
Appendix C Instrumentation and Techniques
Appendix D Chi-Square Test
Appendix E Terminology and Techniques for Dissection