Introduction to value theory

Introduction to Value Theory
	Preface
	Contents
	I The Study of Values, 1
		1. What is a Value? The problem and the approach
		2. The determination of Value
		3. The relevance of Values
		4. The language of Values
		5. Some technical terminology
		6. A formula for Value
		7. Facts versus Values: The impersonal nature of Values
		8. The rationalization of action
	II The Dimensions of Value, 13
		1. The problem of Value classification
		2. Classification by the subscribership to the Value
		3. Classification by the objects at issue
		4. Classification by the nature of the benefit at issue
		5. Classification by the purposes at issue
		6. Classification by the relationship between the subscriber and the beneficiary
		7. Classification by the relationship the value itself bears to others
		8. Further classifications
		9. Conclusion
	III The Role of Values in the Explanation of Behavior, 20
		1. Statement of the problem
		2. Modes of explanation
		3. How Values figure in thought about action
		4. The explanatory invocation of Values
	IV The Role of Values in Deliberation and Decision Making, 29
		1. Introduction
		2. A characterization of practical reasoning
		3. More about task theses
		4. Practical principles
		5. Practical reasoning: Some “Paradigm” cases scrutinized
		6. Validity in inference with task theses
		7. Practical inconsistencies
		8. Optimal versus merely meritorious tasks
		9. Optimum-derivative task theses
		10. Values in decision making
		11. The logical structure of the process of practical reasoning
		12. Analysis of an example of Von Wright’s
		13. Conclusion
	V Axiology: The General Theory of Values, 49
		1. Introduction
		2. The grounding of a general theory of Value
		3. Axiology and the problem of intrinsic Value
		4. The metatheory of Valuation
		5. What can be valued?
		6. The generic axiomatics of Valuation
		7. Material rules of Valuation
		8. Axiology: An appraisal
	VI Evaluation, Preference, and the Assessment and Measurement of Value, 61
		1. Values and evaluation
		2. The diversity of evaluation
		3. Ordinal vs. cardinal Value scales
		4. Monopolar vs. bipolar Value scales
		5. Terminating vs. nonterminating Value scales
		6. Valuations and Valuation functions: “Preferences,” grading, and metric Valuations
		7. The metrization of individual preference
		8. Valuation and Values
	VII Evaluation and the Logic of Preference, 73
		1. The problem of a logic of preference
		2. Historical introduction
		3. Modes of preference
		4. Semantical machinery
		5. An examination of some preference principles
		6. A measure-theoretic perspective upon the logic of preference
		7. Conclusion
	VIII Individual Preference, Social Choice, Welfare, and Value, 99
		1. The problem of a “social preference function”
		2. The arrow barrier
		3. Consensus determination
		4. The metrization of preference
		5. The limitations of preference aggregation
	IX The Dynamics of Value Change, 111
		1. Modes of Value change: A preliminary typology
		2. Some ways in which Value change can come about in a society
		3. A methodological framework for analyzing induced Value changes
		4. American Values in the future
	X The Critical Assessment of Values, 128
		1. The nature and importance of the problem of Value evaluation
		2. Correct and incorrect evaluation
		3. The abstract criticism of Values
		4. Cost/benefit analysis of the implementation of Values
		5. Must Value be benefit-oriented?
		6. The idea of a “Value economy” of a life
		7. Imbalances in a Value economy
		8. Evaluative labels for Values
	Appendix I Restricted vs. Unrestricted Quantification, 141
	Appendix II The Social Fusion of Personal Evaluations, 145
	Bibliography on the Theory of Value, 149
		Contents of bibliography
		Bibliography
			I. Historical accounts
			II. Methodological issues
			III. Philosophical approaches to value
			IV. Scientific approaches to value
			V. Bibliographies
	Index, 187
		Index of Symbols
		Index of Names
		Subject Index