Introduction to the Numerical Modeling of Groundwater and Geothermal Systems: Fundamentals of Mass, Energy and Solute Transport in Poroelastic Rocks

Table of Contents Dedications, Foreword and acknowledgements 1 Introduction 1.1 The water problem-The UN vision 1.2 The energy problem-Vision of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change 1.3 Multiphysics modeling of isothermal groundwater and geothermal systems 1.4 Modeling needs in the context of social and economic development 1.5 The need to accelerate the use of numerical modeling of isothermal aquifers and geothermal systems    2 Rock and fluid properties 2.1 Mechanical and thermal properties of porous rocks 2.2 Linear thermoporoelastic rock deformation 2.3 Mechanical and thermodynamical water properties    3 Special properties of heterogeneous aquifers 3.1 The problem of heterogeneity in aquifers 3.2 The concept of multiple porosity in heterogeneous aquifers 3.3 The triple porosity-permeability concept in geothermics 3.4 Averages of parameters at different interfaces 3.5 Averages for systems with two and three components: General models of mixtures 3.6 Some applications to field data 3.7 Discontinuities of parameters when crossing heterogeneous interfaces 3.8 Examples of heterogeneous non-isothermal aquifers-Petrophysical properties in Mexican geothermal fields    4 Fluid flow, heat and solute transport 4.1 The conservation of mass for fluids 4.2 General model of fluid flow: The Navier-Stokes equations 4.3 Darcy\'s law: pressure and head 4.4 Flow to wells in homogeneous isotropic aquifers 4.5 Pumping test fundamentals 4.6 Heat transport equations 4.7 Flow of mass and energy in two-phase reservoirs 4.8 Solute transport equations    5 Principal numerical methods 5.1 The finite difference method 5.2 Introduction to the finite element method (FEM) 5.3 The finite volume method (FVM) 5.4 The boundary element method for elliptic problems     6 Procedure of a numerical model elaboration 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Defining the objectives of the numerical model 6.3 Conceptual model 6.4 Types of conceptual models 6.5 Field data required for constructing the conceptual model 6.6 Numerical formulation of the conceptual model 6.7 Parameter estimation 6.8 Selection of model type and code 6.9 Calibration, verification and sensitivity analysis 6.10 Performing numerical simulations 6.11 How good is the model? Assessing uncertainties 6.12 Model misuse and mistakes 6.13 Example of model construction-Assessment of the contamination of an aquifer    7 Parameter identification and inverse problems (by Angel Perez and Longina Castellanos) 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Ill-posedness of the inverse problem 7.3 Linear least-squares (LLS) 7.4 Nonlinear least-squares (NLS) 7.5 Application examples    8 Groundwater modeling application examples 8.1 Periodical extraction of groundwater 8.2 Water exchange between an aquifer and a surface water body by leakage 8.3 Scenario modeling of multi-layer aquifers and distribution of groundwater ages caused by exploitation 8.4 Point source contamination and aquifer remediation 8.5 Boron contamination propagation 8.6 Annual temperature oscillations in a shallow stratified aquifer    9 Geothermal systems modeling examples 9.1 What is geothermal energy? 9.2 Transient radial-vertical heat conduction in wells 9.3 The Model of Avdonin 9.4 The invasion of geothermal brine in oil reservoirs 9.5 Modeling submarine geothermal systems 9.6 Modeling processes in fractured geothermal systems    APPENDIXES A: Mathematical appendix A.1 Introduction to interpolation techniques A.2 Interpolation in two and three dimensions A.3 Elements of tensor analysis A.4 The integral theorem of stokes B: Tabulated thermal conductivities Nomenclature References Subject index