Introduction to Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology: A practical guide for the undergraduate researcher

Cover
Cover2
Cover3
Contents
Preface to the second edition
Guided tour
Authors’ acknowledgements
Publisher’s acknowledgements
Part 1: Introduction
	Chapter 1: Introducing research
		1.1 Psychology, a definition
		1.2 Research and scientific method
		1.3 Secondary research
		1.4 Beginning your research project
		1.5 Reviewing the literature
		1.6 The structure of a research project
		Review
		Suggested further reading
Part 2: Planning and designing a research project
	Chapter 2: The nature of research design
		2.1 The purpose of a design
		2.2 The world of variables
		2.3 Variables and levels of measurement
		Review
		Suggested further reading
	Chapter 3: experimental research designs
		3.1 Introduction to experimental research
		3.2 Experimental design
		3.3 Between-groups designs (independent-groups designs)
		3.4 Within-subjects designs (repeated-measures designs)
		3.5 Non-equivalent groups (quasi-experimental) design
		3.6 Factorial designs
		3.7 Mixed designs
		Review
		Suggested further reading
	Chapter 4: Correlational and regression designs
		4.1 Correlational designs
		4.2 Partial correlation
		4.3 Multiple correlation and regression
		Review
		Suggested further reading
Part 3: Carrying out research: methods and procedures
	Chapter 5: The essentials of carrying out research: the participants
		5.1 The role of procedure
		5.2 The stuff of research – whom will you use?
		5.3 Samples and populations
		5.4 Sampling techniques
		5.5 Non-probability sampling
		5.6 Samples – how to get them
		5.7 How many participants?
		5.8 Sample size in estimating population characteristics
		5.9 Sample size in hypothesis testing
		5.10 Secondary research and survey data
		Review
		Suggested further reading
	Chapter 6: Ethics and research
		6.1 Carrying out ethical research
		6.2 Participants
		6.3 Apparatus
		6.4 Procedural issues
		6.5 Ethics and online research
		6.6 Practical issues
		Review
		Suggested further reading
	Chapter 7: Using questionnaires in research
		7.1 Questionnaire design – how to get information
		7.2 The importance of ‘who’ is asking the questions
		7.3 The format of a question
		7.4 Types of scale – closed-ended questions
		7.5 Types of scale – open-ended questions
		7.6 Special techniques for information gathering: focus groups
		7.7 Pilot research
		7.8 Using standardised instruments in research
		7.9 What you need to know about psychological tests
		Review
		Suggested further reading
Part 4: Describing your data
	Chapter 8: Tables, figures and descriptive statistics
		8.1 How the world can be represented numerically
		8.2 Making sense of numbers
		8.3 Tables and categorical variables
		8.4 Figures and categorical variables
		8.5 The rules for drawing graphs and charts
		8.6 Tables and continuous variables
		8.7 The stemplot
		8.8 Figures and continuous variables
		8.9 Continuous variables and the boxplot
		8.10 Continuous-scaled data and the bar chart
		8.11 Continuous-scaled data and line graphs
		8.12 Statistics
		8.13 Dispersion
		8.14 The normal distribution
		8.15 Practical implications
		8.16 The standard normal distribution
		Review
		Suggested further reading
	Chapter 9: Introducing SPSS
		9.1 Computer analysis and SPSS
		9.2 The starting point: what to do with your data
		9.3 The basics of working with SPSS: setting up variables and data entry
		9.4 Coding: an overview
		9.5 How to code ordinal and nominal category data
		9.6 How to code – and recode – continuous data
		9.7 Entering data and naming variables: an overview
		9.8 Data entry: between-group designs
		9.9 Data entry: within-subjects designs
		9.10 Setting up data in SPSS
		9.11 Naming and defining variables
		9.12 Describing data in SPSS: an overview
		9.13 Using SPSS to describe our data
		9.14 Tables and figures for category variables
		9.15 Figures and associated category variables
		9.16 A word of caution on crosstabulation
		9.17 Graphs and crosstabulated data for selected cases
		9.18 Selecting cases: a word of caution
		9.19 Describing continuous variables
		9.20 Screening data
		Review
		Suggested further reading
Part 5: Drawing inferences and testing hypotheses
	Chapter 10: Introducing inferential statistics and tests of differences
		10.1 Inferential statistics
		10.2 Probability explained
		10.3 Scope for errors
		10.4 One- and two-tailed tests
		10.5 Effect size and power
		10.6 A priori and post hoc power analyses
		10.7 Comparing samples and populations – an overview
		10.8 Comparing samples and populations – the standard error of the mean
		10.9 Parametric and non-parametric data
		10.10 Tests of differences – between-group comparisons
		10.11 Tests of differences – within-group comparisons (repeated measures)
		Review
		Suggested further reading
	Chapter 11: Tests of association
		11.1 The chi-square (x2) test of association
		11.2 Correlation
		11.3 Simple regression
		11.4 The coefficient of determination (r2 )
		11.5 Internal consistency: Cronbach’s alpha
		Review
		Suggested further reading
	Chapter 12: Advanced analysis
		12.1 Two-way ANOVA
		12.2 Locating an effect in two-way ANOVA
		12.3 Post hoc testing for an interaction effect
		12.4 Partial correlation
		12.5 Multiple regression
		Review
		Suggested further reading
Part 6: Carrying out qualitative research
	Chapter 13: Introducing qualitative research
		13.1 An example of a qualitative study
		13.2 Qualitative or quantitative?
		13.3 Representing the experiences of people
		13.4 Knowledge of a particular phenomenon
		13.5 Previous research
		13.6 Availability of participants
		13.7 Time factors
		13.8 Your supervisor
		13.9 Mixed methods
		13.10 Different types of qualitative research
		13.11 Planning a qualitative study
		13.12 Research questions and the conceptual framework
		13.13 Deciding on the method
		13.14 Piloting
		13.15 Other points to consider at an early stage of qualitative research
		13.16 Collecting data
		13.17 Dealing with qualitative data
		13.18 The quality of the research
		Review
		Suggested further reading
Part 7: Writing up research
	Chapter 14: Writing up your research
		14.1 The purpose of a report
		14.2 Writing guidelines
		14.3 The structure of a psychology report
		14.4 Title
		14.5 Abstract
		14.6 Contents
		14.7 Introduction
		14.8 Method
		14.9 Results
		14.10 Presenting tables and figures
		14.11 Discussion
		14.12 References
		14.13 Appendices
		14.14 Writing up qualitative research
		14.15 Presentation and style
		Review
Appendix A: Area under the normal curve
Appendix B: Critical values of U and U’
Appendix C: Critical values of t
Appendix D: Critical values of T at various levels of probability
Appendix E: Table of x2
Appendix F: Quick guides
Glossary of key terms
References
Index