Introduction to Quantum Electronics and Nonlinear Optics

Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction
	Eq. 1. Historical Information
	Eq. 2. Methodical Conception of this Book
Contents
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Excursus on the Atomic-Molecular Theory of Substance
	1.1 Introduction: Corpuscular-Wave Dualism
	1.2 Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
		1.2.1 The First Postulate
		1.2.2 The Second Postulate
		1.2.3 The Third Postulate
		1.2.4 The Fourth Postulate
		1.2.5 The Fifth Postulate
	1.3 Operator Properties of Observable Variables
		1.3.1 The Form of Operators of Some Observable Variables
		1.3.2 Properties of Operator Eigenfunctions of Observable Variables
		1.3.3 The Condition of Joint Accurate Measurability of Two Variables
	1.4 Electron States of Atoms
		1.4.1 The Time-Independent Schrödinger Equation
		1.4.2 Stationary States of the Single-Electron Atom
		1.4.3 Spin of Electrons and Other Particles
	1.5 Molecules
	1.6 Vibrational and Rotational States of Molecules
		1.6.1 The Vibrational Spectrum
		1.6.2 The Rotational Spectrum
		1.6.3 Total Energy Diagram of the Molecule
	1.7 Internal Structure of the Solid Body
	1.8 Band Theory of the Solid Body
	1.9 Motion of the Electron in an Applied Field: The Effective Mass
	1.10 Matrix Formulation of Quantum Mechanics
		1.10.1 Wave Functions in the Matrix Representation
		1.10.2 Representation of Operators as Matrices
	1.11 Description of Particle Ensembles by the Density Matrix
		1.11.1 The Density Matrix
		1.11.2 The Density Matrix in the Case of a Continuous Spectrum of Eigenvalues
	1.12 The Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein Statistics
		1.12.1 The Density Matrix in the State of Thermodynamic Equilibrium
		1.12.2 Invisibility of Identical Particles and the Pauli Principle
		1.12.3 Equilibrium Distribution of the State Population
		1.12.4 The Equilibrium Distribution Function for Translational Motion of Fermions
	1.13 Problems for Chapter 1
Chapter 2: Interaction of Electric Dipoles
	2.1 Introduction: Multipole Expansion of Radiation Energy and Medium Interaction
	2.2 Equation for the Density Matrix of a Two-Level System
	2.3 Electric Dipole Transitions
	2.4 Polarization and Population Difference for Electric Dipole Interactions
	2.5 Linear Interaction of an Electromagnetic Field with a Substance
	2.6 The Spectral Absorption Line Shape
	2.7 Kramers-Kronig Relations
	2.8 Anisotropy of the Medium
	2.9 Influence of Crystal Symmetry on the View of Material Tensors
	2.10 Crystal Symmetry
	2.11 The Form of the Linear Dielectric Susceptibility Tensor
	2.12 The Saturation Effect
	2.13 Problems for Chapter 2
Chapter 3: Magnetic Dipole Interaction
	3.1 Introduction: The Magnetic Dipole Moments of Particles
	3.2 Magnetic Dipole Transitions
	3.3 Pauli Matrices
	3.4 Bloch Equations
	3.5 Paramagnetism
	3.6 Ferromagnetism
	3.7 Domains and the Hysteresis Curve
	3.8 Magnetic Resonance
	3.9 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
	3.10 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
	3.11 Ferromagnetic Resonance
	3.12 The Faraday Effect
	3.13 Problems for Chapter 3
Chapter 4: Field Interaction with ``Free Charges´´
	4.1 Introduction: The Interzone and Fundamental Absorption
	4.2 The Kinetic Equation
		4.2.1 Statistics of Nonequilibrium States
		4.2.2 The Classical Approach to Derivation of the Kinetic Equation
		4.2.3 The Collision Integral
	4.3 Current Density and Average Energy of Charge Carriers in Plasma
		4.3.1 Equation for Current Density
		4.3.2 Equation for Electron Energy in Plasma
	4.4 Linear Interaction of an Electric Field with Plasma
	4.5 Cyclotron Resonance
	4.6 Fundamental Absorption
	4.7 Other Mechanisms of Absorption
	4.8 The Nonequilibrium State of Semiconductors
	4.9 Problems for Chapter 4
Chapter 5: Quantum Amplifiers and Generators
	5.1 Introduction: Population Inversion
	5.2 Linear Amplification of Electromagnetic Waves
	5.3 Regenerative Amplification
	5.4 Influence of the Saturation Effect on Quantum Amplifier Features
	5.5 Self-Excitation Conditions and the Power of Continuous Oscillations
	5.6 Steady-State Mode Equations for a Quantum Generator
	5.7 Equations for Oscillations in the Resonator
	5.8 The Small-Oscillation Mode
	5.9 Abbreviated Equations for a Quantum Generator
	5.10 Dynamics of a Single-Mode Quantum Generator
	5.11 The Multimode Regime: Mode Synchronization
	5.12 Problems for Chapter 5
Chapter 6: Nonlinear Interaction of Electromagnetic Waves with a Substance
	6.1 Introduction: Methods for Analysis of Nonlinear Interaction of Electromagnetic Waves with a Medium
	6.2 Phenomenological Description of Nonlinear Effects
	6.3 Classification of Nonlinear Effects
	6.4 Cubic Nonlinear Effects
	6.5 Nonlinear Absorption
	6.6 The Kerr Optical Effect
	6.7 The Self-Focusing Phenomenon
	6.8 Optical Bistability
	6.9 Generation of the Third Harmonic: Multiphoton Processes
	6.10 Phase Conjugation
	6.11 Quadratic Nonlinear Effects: Generation of the Second Harmonic
	6.12 The Linear Electro-optical Effect
	6.13 The Electro-optical Amplitude Modulator
	6.14 Coupling Mode Equations
	6.15 Parametric Amplification: The Parametric Generator
	6.16 Problems for Chapter 6
Chapter 7: Some Types of Quantum Generators and Amplifiers
	7.1 Introduction: Classification of Quantum Devices
	7.2 Gas Quantum Generators and Amplifiers
		7.2.1 Quantum Generators Based on Molecular Beams
		7.2.2 Gas Lasers
	7.3 Solid-State Quantum Devices
		7.3.1 Quantum Paramagnetic Amplifiers
		7.3.2 Solid-State Lasers
	7.4 Semiconductor Lasers
	7.5 Liquid Lasers
	7.6 Quantum Generators Based on Free Electrons
	7.7 Atomic Standards of Frequency and Time
Appendixes
	Appendix 1: Fundamental Constants
	Appendix 2: Relations Between Physical Quantities´ Values in Different Unit Systems
	Appendix 3: Designation of Planes and Directions in a Crystal
	Appendix 4: Point Groups of Symmetry
	Appendix 5: Tensors of Magnetic Susceptibility
	Appendix 6: Properties of Some Semiconductor Crystals
	Appendix 7: Tensors of Quadratic Susceptibility
	Appendix 8: Cubic Nonlinearity in an Isotropic Medium
Index