Introduction to Food Biotechnology

THE SCOPE OF FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY
Overview
What Is Biotechnology?
Recombinant DNA Technology
Microbial Biotechnology
Diagnostic Biotechnology
Controversial Aspects of Food Biotechnology
Food Security
Recommended Reading
TOOLS OF THE TRADE
The Heart of Biotechnology: Cell Biology
Bacteria
Fungi are also Useful and Varied
Viruses: Useful Parasites
DNA: The Heart of Biotechnology
Recommended Reading
GENE CLONING AND PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS
What Is a Recombinant Protein?
Why Bother Making Recombinant Proteins?
How and Why Are Genes Cloned? (The Big Picture)
Gene Cloning: The Detailed Picture
The cDNA Alternative
Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Revolution in Cloning
Alternative Vectors: pUC
Alternative Vectors: Phage Lambda
Artificial Chromosomes
Subcloning and Vector Diversity
Recombinant Chymosin
Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone
Recommended Reading
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Overview
Plant Cell and Tissue Culture
Transgenic Plants
Applications of Transgenic Plants to Food Production
Transgenic Food Plants under Development
Alternative Agricultural Technologies
Recommended Reading
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Overview
Transgenic Fish
Modified Milk Proteins
The Search for Embryonic Stem Cells
Transfer of Somatic Nuclei: An Alternative to the Use of Embryonic Stem Cells
Recommended Reading
DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS
Why are Diagnostic Systems Needed?
Diagnostic Biotechnology
Recommended Reading
CELL CULTURE AND FOOD
Overview
Brewing
Dairy Biotechnology
Amino Acids: Nutritional Boosts and Flavour Enhancers
Microbial Enzymes
Microbial Polysaccharides
Citric Acid and Vitamin Production
Development of Novel Microbial Products
Recommended Reading
INDUSTRIAL CELL CULTURE
Scale-Up of Cell Culture
Environmental Factors
Types of Bioreactors
Downstream Processing
Recommended Reading
ETHICS, SAFETY, AND REGULATION
Overall Perspective
Consumer Perspectives and Food Biotechnology
Safety Assessment and Regulation of Transgenic Crops
Assessment and Regulation of Diagnostic Tests
Biotechnology and the Developing World
Recommended Reading
Index