Introduction to Dislocations, Fourth Edition

Front Cover......Page 1
Introduction to Dislocations......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 10
1.1 Crystalline Materials......Page 12
1.2 Simple Crystal Structures......Page 15
1.3 Defects in Crystalline Materials......Page 19
1.4 Dislocations......Page 25
Further Reading......Page 31
2.2 Surface Methods......Page 33
2.3 Decoration Methods......Page 37
2.4 Electron Microscopy......Page 38
2.5 X-ray Diffraction Topography......Page 46
2.6 Field Ion Microscopy......Page 47
2.7 Computer Simulation......Page 49
Further Reading......Page 52
3.1 Concept of Slip......Page 53
3.2 Dislocations and Slip......Page 55
3.3 The Slip Plane......Page 56
3.4 Cross Slip......Page 59
3.5 Velocity of Dislocations......Page 60
3.6 Climb......Page 63
3.7 Experimental Observation of Climb......Page 66
3.9 Plastic Strain due to Dislocation Movement......Page 68
Further Reading......Page 71
4.2 Elements of Elasticity Theory......Page 73
4.3 Stress Field of a Straight Dislocation......Page 76
4.4 Strain Energy of a Dislocation......Page 80
4.5 Forces on Dislocations......Page 83
4.6 Forces between Dislocations......Page 85
4.7 Climb Forces......Page 89
4.8 Image Forces......Page 90
Further Reading......Page 91
5.2 Partial Dislocations - the Shockley Partial......Page 93
5.3 Slip......Page 95
5.4 Thompson’s Tetrahedron......Page 102
5.5 Frank Partial Dislocation......Page 103
5.6 Lomer-Cottrell Sessile Dislocation......Page 108
5.7 Stacking Fault Tetrahedra......Page 109
Further Reading......Page 112
6.2 Dislocations in Hexagonal Close-packed Metals......Page 113
6.3 Dislocations in Body-centred Cubic Metals......Page 121
6.4 Dislocations in Ionic Crystals......Page 125
6.5 Dislocations in Superlattices......Page 128
6.6 Dislocations in Covalent Crystals......Page 133
6.7 Dislocations in Layer Structures......Page 135
Further Reading......Page 137
7.1 Introduction......Page 139
7.2 Intersection of Dislocations......Page 140
7.3 Movement of Dislocations Containing Elementary Jogs......Page 141
7.4 Superjogs......Page 144
7.5 Jogs and Prismatic Loops......Page 147
7.6 Intersections of Extended Dislocations and Extended Jogs......Page 148
7.7 Attractive and Repulsive Junctions......Page 150
7.8 Extended Stacking-fault Nodes......Page 153
Further Reading......Page 155
8.2 Dislocations in Freshly Grown Crystals......Page 156
8.3 Homogeneous Nucleation of Dislocations......Page 158
8.4 Nucleation of Dislocations at Stress Concentrators......Page 159
8.5 Multiplication of Dislocations by Frank-Read Sources......Page 161
8.6 Multiplication by Multiple Cross Glide......Page 162
8.7 Multiplication by Climb......Page 164
8.8 Grain Boundary Sources......Page 166
Further Reading......Page 167
9.1 Plastic Deformation, Recovery and Recrystallisation......Page 168
9.2 Simple Dislocation Boundaries......Page 172
9.3 General Low-angle Boundaries......Page 174
9.4 Stress Field of Dislocation Arrays......Page 179
9.5 Strain Energy of Dislocation Arrays......Page 183
9.6 Dislocations and Steps in Interfaces......Page 184
9.7 Movement of Boundaries......Page 192
9.8 Dislocation Pile-ups......Page 201
Further Reading......Page 203
10.1 Introduction......Page 204
10.2 Temperature- and Strain-rate-dependence of the Flow Stress......Page 206
10.3 The Peierls Stress and Lattice Resistance......Page 208
10.4 Interaction Between Point Defects and Dislocations......Page 213
10.5 Solute Atmospheres and Yield Phenomena......Page 217
10.6 The Flow Stress for Random Arrays of Obstacles......Page 226
10.7 The Strength of Alloys......Page 230
10.8 Work Hardening......Page 235
10.9 Deformation of Polycrystals......Page 240
10.10 Dislocations and Fracture......Page 243
Further Reading......Page 246
The SI System of Units......Page 248
Index......Page 250