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ویرایش: 5 نویسندگان: Rich Bauer, James Birk, Pamela Marks سری: ISBN (شابک) : 1259911144, 9781259911149 ناشر: McGraw-Hill Education سال نشر: 2018 تعداد صفحات: 833 زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 118 مگابایت
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Introduction to Chemistry به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
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Cover Title Page Copyright Page Dedication About the Authors Brief Contents Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 Matter and Energy 1.1 Matter and Its Classification Composition of Matter Representations of Matter States of Matter 1.2 Physical and Chemical Changes and Properties of Matter Physical Properties Physical Changes Chemical Changes Chemical Properties 1.3 Energy and Energy Changes 1.4 Scientific Inquiry Observations Hypotheses Laws Theories Scientific Inquiry in Practice Math Toolbox 1.1 Scientific Notation Math Toolbox 1.2 Significant Figures Math Toolbox 1.3 Units and Conversions Chapter Review Questions and Problems 2 Atoms, Ions, and the Periodic Table 2.1 Dalton’s Atomic Theory 2.2 Structure of the Atom Subatomic Particles The Nuclear Atom Isotopes, Atomic Number, and Mass Number 2.3 Ions 2.4 Atomic Mass 2.5 The Periodic Table Classification of Elements Ions and the Periodic Table Chapter Review Questions and Problems 3 Chemical Compounds 3.1 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 3.2 Monatomic and Polyatomic Ions Monatomic Ions Polyatomic Ions 3.3 Formulas for Ionic Compounds 3.4 Naming Ionic Compounds 3.5 Naming and Writing Formulas for Molecular Compounds 3.6 Acids and Bases 3.7 Predicting Properties and Naming Compounds Chapter Review Questions and Problems 4 Chemical Composition 4.1 Percent Composition 4.2 Mole Quantities Moles and Particles Molar Mass 4.3 Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas Empirical and Molecular Formulas Determining Empirical Formulas Empirical Formulas from Percent Composition Empirical Formulas for Compounds Containing More Than Two Elements Empirical Formulas with Fractional Mole Ratios Molecular Formulas from Empirical Formulas Determining Percent Composition 4.4 Chemical Composition of Solutions Concentration Percent by Mass Molarity Dilution Math Toolbox 4.1 Mole Conversions Chapter Review Questions and Problems 5 Chemical Reactions and Equations 5.1 What Is a Chemical Reaction? 5.2 How Do We Know a Chemical Reaction Occurs? 5.3 Writing Chemical Equations 5.4 Predicting Chemical Reactions Decomposition Reactions Combination Reactions Single-Displacement Reactions Double-Displacement Reactions Combustion Reactions 5.5 Representing Reactions in Aqueous Solution Chapter Review Questions and Problems 6 Quantities in Chemical Reactions 6.1 The Meaning of a Balanced Equation 6.2 Mole-Mole Conversions 6.3 Mass-Mass Conversions 6.4 Limiting Reactants 6.5 Percent Yield 6.6 Energy Changes Law of Conservation of Energy Energy Changes That Accompany Chemical Reactions Quantities of Heat 6.7 Heat Changes in Chemical Reactions Chapter Review Questions and Problems 7 Electron Structure of the Atom 7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation and Energy Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Atomic Spectra 7.2 The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom 7.3 The Modern Model of the Atom Orbital Diagrams for Multielectron Atoms Electron Configurations 7.4 Periodicity of Electron Configurations 7.5 Valence Electrons for the Main-Group Elements 7.6 Electron Configurations for Ions 7.7 Periodic Properties of Atoms Chemical Reactivity and Electron Configurations Ionization Energy Atomic Size Sizes of Ions Chapter Review Questions and Problems 8 Chemical Bonding 8.1 Types of Bonds Ionic and Covalent Bonding Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds Electronegativity 8.2 Ionic Bonding Lewis Symbols Structures of Ionic Crystals 8.3 Covalent Bonding The Octet Rule Lewis Structures for the Diatomic Elements Valence Electrons and Number of Bonds Structures of Covalent Molecules Exceptions to the Octet Rule 8.4 Bonding in Carbon Compounds Hydrocarbons Functional Groups 8.5 Shapes of Molecules The Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory Polarity of Molecules Chapter Review Questions and Problems 9 The Gaseous State 9.1 The Behavior of Gases Temperature and Density Pressure 9.2 Factors That Affect the Properties of Gases Volume and Pressure Volume and Temperature Volume, Pressure, and Temperature Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes Avogadro’s Hypothesis 9.3 The Ideal Gas Law Calculations with the Ideal Gas Law Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures 9.4 Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases Postulates of Kinetic-Molecular Theory Diffusion and Effusion 9.5 Gases and Chemical Reactions Product Volume from Reactant Volume Moles and Mass from Volume Math Toolbox 9.1 Graphing Math Toolbox 9.2 Solving Simple Algebraic Equations Chapter Review Questions and Problems 10 The Liquid and Solid States 10.1 Changes of State Liquid-Gas Phase Changes Liquid-Solid Phase Changes Solid-Gas Phase Changes Cooling and Heating Curves Energy Changes 10.2 Intermolecular Forces London Dispersion Forces Dipole-Dipole Forces Hydrogen Bonding Trends in Intermolecular Forces 10.3 Properties of Liquids Density Viscosity Surface Tension 10.4 Properties of Solids Crystals and Crystal Lattices Types of Crystalline Solids Chapter Review Questions and Problems 11 Solutions 11.1 The Composition of Solutions 11.2 The Solution Process 11.3 Factors That Affect Solubility Structure Temperature Pressure 11.4 Measuring Concentrations of Solutions Percent by Mass Percent by Volume Mass/Volume Percent Parts per Million and Parts per Billion Molarity Molality 11.5 Quantities for Reactions That Occur in Aqueous Solution Precipitation Reactions Acid-Base Titrations 11.6 Colligative Properties Osmotic Pressure Vapor Pressure Lowering Boiling Point Elevation Freezing Point Depression Colligative Properties and Strong Electrolytes Chapter Review Questions and Problems 12 Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium 12.1 Reaction Rates 12.2 Collision Theory 12.3 Conditions That Affect Reaction Rates Concentration and Surface Area Temperature Catalysts 12.4 Chemical Equilibrium 12.5 The Equilibrium Constant The Equilibrium Constant Expression Predicting the Direction of a Reaction Heterogeneous Equilibrium 12.6 Le Chatelier’s Principle Reactant or Product Concentration Volume of the Reaction Container Temperature Catalysts Increasing Product Yield Chapter Review Questions and Problems 13 Acids and Bases 13.1 What Are Acids and Bases? Acid and Base Definitions Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs Acidic Hydrogen Atoms 13.2 Strong and Weak Acids and Bases Strong Acids Strong Bases Weak Acids Weak Bases 13.3 Relative Strengths of Weak Acids Acid Ionization Constants Polyprotic Acids 13.4 Acidic, Basic, and Neutral Solutions The Ion-Product Constant of Water Calculating H3O+ and OH- Ion Concentrations 13.5 The pH Scale Calculating pH Calculating pOH Calculating Concentrations from pH or pOH Measuring pH 13.6 Buffered Solutions Math Toolbox 13.1 Log and Inverse Log Functions Chapter Review Questions and Problems 14 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 14.1 What Is an Oxidation-Reduction Reaction? 14.2 Oxidation Numbers 14.3 Batteries 14.4 Balancing Simple Oxidation-Reduction Equations 14.5 Balancing Complex Oxidation-Reduction Equations 14.6 Electrochemistry Voltaic Cells Electrolytic Cells 14.7 Corrosion Prevention Chapter Review Questions and Problems 15 Nuclear Chemistry 15.1 Radioactivity Nuclear Decay Radiation 15.2 Nuclear Reactions Equations for Nuclear Reactions Particle Accelerators Predicting Spontaneous Nuclear Decay Reactions 15.3 Rates of Radioactive Decay Detection of Radiation Half-Lives Archeological Dating Geological Dating 15.4 Medical Applications of Isotopes Power Generators Medical Diagnoses Positron Emission Tomography Cancer Therapy 15.5 Biological Effects of Radiation Radiation Exposure Radon 15.6 Nuclear Energy Uranium-235 Fission Chain Reactions Fission Reactors Fusion Reactors Chapter Review Questions and Problems 16 Organic Chemistry 16.1 Representations of Organic Molecules 16.2 Hydrocarbons Classes of Hydrocarbons Petroleum 16.3 Acyclic Hydrocarbons Alkanes Alkenes and Alkynes 16.4 Cyclic Hydrocarbons Cycloalkanes and Cycloalkenes Aromatic Hydrocarbons 16.5 Alcohols and Ethers Alcohols Ethers 16.6 Aldehydes and Ketones Aldehydes Ketones 16.7 Carboxylic Acids and Esters Carboxylic Acids Esters 16.8 Amines 16.9 Organic Nomenclature Alkanes Alkenes and Alkynes Aromatic Hydrocarbons Other Naming Conventions Chapter Review Questions and Problems 17 Biochemistry 17.1 Proteins Composition of Proteins Hydrolysis of Proteins Structure of Proteins Denaturation of Proteins 17.2 Nucleic Acids Structure of Nucleic Acids Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Replication Ribonucleic Acid, Transcription, and Translation 17.3 Carbohydrates Simple Carbohydrates Complex Carbohydrates 17.4 Lipids Chapter Review Questions and Problems Appendices A Useful Reference Tables and Figures B Math Toolboxes C Answers to Consider This Questions and Practice Problems D Answers to Selected Questions and Problems Glossary Index