Introduction to Bronchoscopy

COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 3
TITLE......Page 5
COPYRIGHT......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 7
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 9
INTRODUCTION......Page 13
ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS......Page 15
THE PRE-ENDOSCOPIC ERA......Page 19
The Laryngeal Mirror......Page 20
The First Endoscopes and Light Sources......Page 21
GUSTAV KILLIAN AND THE INVENTION OF BRONCHOSCOPY......Page 22
Main Schools......Page 26
Technical Developments......Page 28
Prospects......Page 29
Shigeto Ikeda and the Development of the Fiberscope......Page 30
Further Developments in Flexible Bronchoscopy......Page 31
REFERENCES......Page 32
MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING: AXIAL, 2D MULTIPLANAR, AND 3D RECONSTRUCTION IMAGES......Page 35
MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING OF CENTRAL AIRWAY PATHOLOGY......Page 37
Airway Stenoses......Page 38
Central Airway Neoplasms......Page 39
Congenital Airway Disorders......Page 41
Tracheobronchomalacia: Use of Dynamic Expiratory MDCT......Page 42
MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING: COMPLEMENTARY ROLE TO BRONCHOSCOPY......Page 44
SUMMARY......Page 46
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 47
Cartilages......Page 48
Muscles......Page 49
ENDOSCOPIC LANDMARKS......Page 50
ENDOSCOPIC EXAMINATION......Page 51
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 55
Nasopharynx......Page 56
Oropharynx and Hypopharynx......Page 57
Trachea......Page 58
Right Bronchial Tree......Page 59
Left Bronchial Tree......Page 60
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 63
Local Anesthetic Techniques......Page 64
Local Anesthetic Drugs and Their Complications......Page 66
Definition and Oversight......Page 67
Preprocedure Assessment......Page 68
Equipment and Monitoring......Page 70
Introduction......Page 72
Benzodiazepines......Page 73
Propofol......Page 74
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)......Page 75
Reversal Agents......Page 76
COMPLICATIONS OF SEDATION......Page 77
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 78
Anatomy......Page 80
Physiology......Page 81
Electrical System......Page 82
TYPES OF BRONCHOSCOPES AVAILABLE......Page 83
THE VIDEO PROCESSOR......Page 84
PROPER CARE OF THE FLEXIBLE BRONCHOSCOPE......Page 85
Postprocedure Care of the Bronchoscope [10]......Page 86
PREVENTION OF DAMAGE TO THE BRONCHOSCOPE......Page 87
REFERENCES......Page 88
THE INTAKE AND RECOVERY AREA......Page 89
THE BRONCHOSCOPY PROCEDURE ROOM......Page 91
BRONCHOSCOPY EQUIPMENT......Page 93
SUMMARY......Page 94
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 95
INDICATIONS FOR FLEXIBLE BRONCHOSCOPY......Page 96
CONTRAINDICATIONS TO FLEXIBLE BRONCHOSCOPY......Page 99
INFORMED CONSENT......Page 100
REFERENCES......Page 102
BRONCHIAL WASHING......Page 103
BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE......Page 104
VAP......Page 107
Tropical Pneumonias......Page 108
Interstitial Lung Disease......Page 109
Drug-Induced Lung Diseases......Page 110
PSB in VAP......Page 111
ENDOBRONCHIAL BIOPSY......Page 112
CONCLUSION......Page 113
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 114
Interstitial Diseases......Page 116
CONTRAINDICATIONS......Page 117
Hypoxemia......Page 118
TBB......Page 119
Optimizing Biopsy Yield......Page 121
COMPLICATIONS......Page 122
REFERENCES......Page 123
INTRODUCTION......Page 125
ANATOMY......Page 126
TECHNIQUE......Page 127
Jabbing Method......Page 128
SPECIMEN PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION......Page 129
Improving the Yield......Page 130
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 131
Bronchoscopy in the Extubated Patient......Page 133
Bronchoscopy in the Intubated Patient......Page 134
SAFETY OF BRONCHOSCOPY IN THE CRITICALLY ILL......Page 135
BRONCHOSCOPY IN FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA......Page 137
VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA......Page 138
HEMOPTYSIS......Page 139
REMOVAL OF FOREIGN BODY......Page 140
FAILED EXTUBATION......Page 141
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 142
Obtaining Microbiologic Samples......Page 144
SURVEILLANCE BRONCHOSCOPY......Page 145
DIAGNOSTIC BRONCHOSCOPY FOR EVALUATION OF CLINICAL DETERIORATION......Page 146
VISUALIZATION OF THE ANASTOMOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF AIRWAY COMPLICATIONS......Page 148
Anastomotic Infections......Page 149
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 150
ENDOBRONCHIAL ULTRASOUND......Page 152
ELECTROMAGNETIC NAVIGATIONAL BRONCHOSCOPY......Page 154
AUTOFLUORESCENCE BRONCHOSCOPY......Page 156
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES THAT AWAIT VALIDATION BUT THAT HAVE BEEN USED IN HUMAN RESEARCH: OPTICAL COHERENCE…......Page 157
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 158
CENTRAL AIRWAYS OBSTRUCTION......Page 160
RIGID BRONCHOSCOPY......Page 161
LASER......Page 162
CRYOTHERAPY......Page 163
BALLOON DILATION......Page 164
BRACHYTHERAPY......Page 165
STENTS......Page 166
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 168
INDEX......Page 169