Introduction to Astronomical Photometry

Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Preface to first edition......Page 13
Preface to second edition......Page 17
1.1 Scope of the subject......Page 19
1.2 Requirements......Page 20
1.3 Participants......Page 23
1.4 Targets......Page 24
1.5 Bibliographical notes......Page 26
References......Page 28
2.1 Optical photometry......Page 29
2.2 Historical notes......Page 32
2.3 Some basic terminology......Page 45
2.4 Radiation: waves and photons......Page 50
2.5 Bibliographical notes......Page 52
References......Page 55
3.1 Radiation field concepts......Page 57
3.2 Black body radiation......Page 60
3.3 The Sun seen as a star......Page 62
3.4 The bolometric correction......Page 67
3.5 Stellar fluxes and temperatures......Page 69
3.6 Broadband filters: essential points......Page 74
3.7 Surface flux and colour correlations......Page 81
3.8 Absolute parameters of stars......Page 83
3.9 Bibliographical notes......Page 86
References......Page 88
4.1.1 Atmospheric extinction......Page 90
4.1.2 The atmospheric mass......Page 92
4.1.3 Interstellar extinction......Page 95
4.2.1 The UBV system......Page 98
4.2.2 Other broadband systems......Page 104
4.3.1 The uvby system......Page 110
4.3.2 Further development......Page 116
4.4.1 Principles and primary applications......Page 121
4.4.2 Testing stellar models and dynamics......Page 126
4.5 Fast photometry......Page 128
4.6.1 Visual photometry......Page 134
4.6.2 Solar System photometry......Page 136
4.6.3 Application to Pluto......Page 142
4.6.4 Photometry of galactic nebulae......Page 145
4.6.5 Photometry of galaxies......Page 151
4.7 Photopolarimetry......Page 156
4.7.1 Q, U variations in Algol binaries......Page 159
4.7.2 Photopolarimetry of asteroids......Page 163
4.7.3 Microwave polarimetry......Page 166
4.8 Bibliographical notes......Page 169
References......Page 175
5.1 Overview of basic instrumentation......Page 179
5.2.1 Detective processes......Page 188
5.2.2 Detector characteristics......Page 193
5.2.3 Photomultiplier tubes......Page 195
5.2.4 Areal detectors and enhancers......Page 197
5.2.5 Charge coupled devices (CCDs)......Page 200
5.2.6 Noise in photometry......Page 206
5.3.1 Analogue method......Page 210
5.3.2 Photon pulse counting......Page 214
5.4 Bibliographical notes......Page 218
References......Page 220
6.1 The standard stars experiment......Page 222
6.1.1 Parameter determinacy and set size: a simple case......Page 237
6.2 Differential photometry......Page 239
6.2.1 Typical photometric comparison: an example......Page 247
6.3.1 Operational points......Page 249
6.3.2 Example of CCD-based stellar photometry......Page 253
6.4 Light curves of variable stars......Page 255
6.4.1 Estimation of times of stationary light......Page 256
6.5 Bibliographical notes......Page 260
References......Page 263
7.1 Light curve analysis: general outline......Page 265
7.2 Eclipsing binaries: basic facts......Page 267
7.3 Hand solution of light curves......Page 275
7.4 Computer-based analysis......Page 280
7.5 Bibliographical notes......Page 290
References......Page 294
8.1.1 The O – C method......Page 297
8.2 Complexities in O – C diagrams......Page 302
8.3 Period changes: observational aspects......Page 306
8.3.2 Period changes in eclipsing binaries......Page 307
8.4.1 Angular momentum in single and binary stars......Page 316
8.4.2 Angular momentum evolution of cool binaries......Page 317
8.4.3 Angular momentum evolution of massive binaries......Page 318
8.5 Statistical data on Algol binaries......Page 319
8.6 Bibliographical notes......Page 321
References......Page 325
9.1 Coordinate transformation......Page 328
9.2 Orbital eccentricity......Page 330
9.3 Proximity effects......Page 334
9.4 The 16-parameter curve fitter......Page 338
9.5 Frequency domain analysis......Page 343
9.6 Narrowband photometry of binaries......Page 345
9.7 Bibliographical notes......Page 353
References......Page 356
10.1 Introductory background......Page 359
10.2 The photometric effects of starspots......Page 362
10.3.1 Curve fitting......Page 366
10.3.2 Spot temperatures......Page 374
10.4 Starspots in binary systems......Page 376
10.5 Analysis of light curves of RS CVn-like stars......Page 379
10.6 Bibliographical notes......Page 388
References......Page 391
11.1 Introductory background......Page 393
11.2 The Baade–Wesselink procedure......Page 401
11.3 Six-colour data on classical cepheids......Page 406
11.3.1 Application to δ Cep and η Aql......Page 409
11.3.2 Discussion of results......Page 415
11.4 Pulsational radii......Page 418
11.5 Bibliographical notes......Page 424
References......Page 427
Appendix......Page 429
Author index......Page 431
Subject index......Page 439