Internet of Things Enabled Antennas for Biomedical Devices and Systems: Impact, Challenges and Applications

Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Biomedical Application Single-Element/MIMO Patch Antenna for WBAN/Implantable in Ultra-wideband and ISM Band
	Introduction
	Role of Electromagnetics in Medical Applications (Choudhury and El-Nasr 2015)
	Wireless Body Area Network Antenna
	Present State-of-the-Art Medical Application Antenna
	Conclusions
	References
2 Performance Improvement of an H-Shaped Antenna for Biomedical Devices
	Introduction
	Proposed Work
	Conclusion
	References
3 Advanced Tapered-Fed Compact Two-Port Circularly Polarized MIMO Antenna for IoT Wireless Communication Applications
	Introduction
	Antenna Design
		Single-Element Antennas Evolution
	Conversion of Single Element into MIMO Antenna
	Conclusion
	References
4 Performance Analysis of Flexible Textile Antenna for Health Monitoring of Elderly Alone at Home
	Introduction
	Textile Antenna
	A Review of Wearable Antennas for Medical Application
	Antenna Design Parameters
	Results and Discussion
	Summary
	References
5 Investigation on Performance Characteristics of Wearable Textile Patch Antenna
	Introduction
	Literature Survey
	Significance of ISM Band
	Design of Textile Antenna
	Simulation Results
		S Parameter
		Radiation Pattern
		Far-Field Gain and Directivity
		VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)
	Summary
	References
6 Implantable Antennas for Bio-telemetry Application
	Introduction
	Radio Frequency Allocation for Implantable Antenna
		Short-Range Telemetry Application
		Long-Range Telemetry Application
	Challenges for the Designing of the Implantable Antenna
		Effect of Human Tissue on the Antenna Performance
		Biocompatibility Issues in Implantable Antenna
		Safety Consideration of the Implantable Antenna
		Size Consideration of Implantable Antenna
		Far-Field Gain Consideration
	Recent Development in Implantable Antenna Technology
		Miniaturized Linearly Polarized Implantable Antenna
		Circular Polarized Implantable Antenna
		Capsule and Ingestible Antenna
	Antenna Placement Analysis
	Measurement and Testing of the Antenna
		Ex Vivo Testing
		In Vitro Testing
		In Vivo Testing
	Conclusion
	References
7 Design of Compact Low-Profile Antenna for Wearable Medical Applications
	Introduction
	Antenna Layout
	Result and Comparison
	Conclusion
	References
8 Design and Analysis of an All-Textile Antenna Integrated Within Human Clothing for Safe Bio-medical Wireless Communication
	Introduction
	Evolution Steps of the Proposed Textenna
	Validation of the Proposed Textenna
	Reflection Coefficient |S11|
	Axial Ratios
	Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Analysis
	Proposed Textenna: Functional Behavior while Operating on the Human Body
	SAR Analysis at 3.5 GHz (Wi-MAX)
	SAR Analysis at 4.9 GHz (WLAN)
	SAR Analysis at 5.8 GHz (ISM Band)
	Conclusion
	References
9 Microstrip Biomedical Patch Antenna with MIMO Capability and Challenges in Achieving Diversity Performance
	Introduction
	Two and Four-Port MIMO Antennas
	Understanding Eight-Port MIMO Antenna
	Conclusions
	References
10 Reconfigurable Antennas for Internet of Things (IoT) Devices
	Introduction
		Reconfigurable Antennas (RAs)
		Reconfigurable Antenna (RA)-Types
		Classification of Reconfiguration Techniques (Karthika and Kavitha 2021)
	Proposed Antenna Structure and Dimensions
	Simulation Results and Discussions
	Conclusion
	References
11 Microstrip Antenna for Internet of Things (IOT) Applications
	Application of Internet of Thing (IoT)
		Environment Applications
		Smart City Applications
		Commercial Applications
		Industrial Applications
		Infrastructural Applications
		Healthcare Applications
	Design of Antenna
	Conclusion
	References
12 Design of a Low Profile Dielectric Resonator Antenna Beyond 6 GHz for Next Generation Bio-medical Sensing Application
	Introduction
	Antenna Design
	Design Methodology
		Modeling of DRA
		Low Profile and Compact DRA
		Structure of the DRA
	Result Analysis
		Radiation Mechanism
	Conclusion
	References
13 Implantable Dual Band Low-Profile Meandered Patch Antenna for Adhesive Skin Mimicking and Skin Contact Applications
	Introduction
	Design of Meandered Shape Antenna
	Antenna Design and Layout
	Result and Comparison
	Conclusion
	References
14 THz Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wearable Applications
	Introduction to Terahertz (THz) Technology
		Advantages of THz
		THz Constraints
		Interaction of THz Waves with Matter
		Generation of THz Radiation
		Applications of THz Antennas
		Millimeter Wave Effects on the Body
	Importance of Microstrip Patch Antenna
	Introduction to Wearable Antennas
	Recent Trends in THz and Wearable Antenna Technology
	Geometry of the Proposed THz Wearable Antenna
	THz Wearable Antenna Simulation Results
		SAR Analysis of the Proposed Antenna
	Conclusion
	References
15 ANN Modeling and Performance Comparison of X-Band Antenna
	Introduction
	Methods of Analysis for Proposed Model
	Statistical Analysis of Proposed Method
	Antenna Designs
	Results and Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
16 Design and Analysis of Wideband Polarization Independent Absorber for L and S Band
	Introduction
	Design Parameters
	Simulated Result Discussion
		Absorption Mechanism of the Proposed Structure.
		Parameter Variation of the Proposed Structure
	Fabricated Design with Experimental Verification
	Conclusion
	References
17 An Efficient Non-invasive Blood Glucose Measurement Using Microwave Antennas
	Introduction
	Dielectric Properties of Blood
	Experiment
	Results and Discussion
	Conclusion
	Future Work
	References
18 Role of Antennas in Biomedical Applications for ISM/MICS/MED-RAD Bands Using Wireless Technology
	Introduction
		IEEE 802.15.6 Standard for WBANs
		Frequency Bands for Biomedical Applications
	Requirements of Implantable Antennas
		Body Centric Implantable Antennas
	Present State-of-the-Art—Implantable Antennas
	Conclusions
	References
19 Study of SAR in Tumor for Biomedical Applications Based on Microstrip Patch Antenna
	Introduction
	Study of Dielectric Properties of Human Tissues
	Study of Antenna Performance
		Antenna Design
		Performance of Antenna
		Comparison and Effectiveness of Antenna
	Conclusion
	References
20 Wearable Proximity Coupled Antenna for IoT Applications
	Introduction
	Literature Survey
	Proposed Antenna Design
	Results and Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
21 Developing an Effective Antenna for IoT Applications in 5G
	Introduction
	Antenna Design
	Conclusion
	References