Internet of Everything for Smart City and Smart Healthcare Applications (Signals and Communication Technology)

Foreword
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
	About the Editors
	Contributors
Part I Internet of Everything: A Perspective
	Standardization in the Transformation of Civic Systems Using Safe and Secure Internet of Things Systems
		1 Introduction
			1.1 IoT in Human Lives
			1.2 Impact of IoT
			1.3 Easiness in IoT Interaction
		2 Smart Home Devices
		3 Hospitals Using Smart Devices
		4 Smart Health at Home
		5 Consequences of the Scenarios
			5.1 Safety and Physical Security
			5.2 Data Privacy
			5.3 Client Interactions and Usability
		6 Security Measures in IoT for Safe Autonomous Civic Systems
			6.1 Importance of Security, Privacy, and Usability Together
			6.2 Security and Management of Individual IoT Devices
			6.3 Various IoT Devices\' Grouping Management
		7 Summary
		References
	A Deep Learning Approach for the Sales Prediction in Retail Stores: An End-to-End Analysis and Implementation
		Abbreviations
		1 Introduction
		2 State of the Art
		3 Data Description
		4 Methodology
			4.1 Workflow for Time Series Forecasting
			4.2 Data Pre-processing
		5 Forecasting Models
			5.1 ARIMA Model
		6 Deep Learning Models
			6.1 Convolution Neural Network (CNN)
			6.2 LSTM
			6.3 Attention (Cognition)-Based Deep Learning Model
		7 Performance Analysis
		8 Conclusion
		References
	Blockchain Technology: A Game Changer for Smart Healthcare Systems
		1 Introduction
		2 Blockchain Properties
		3 How Does Blockchain Work?
			3.1 Overview
			3.2 Block and Chain of Blocks
			3.3 Transaction and Transaction Chain
			3.4 Public and Private Key
			3.5 Hash Function
			3.6 Merkle Trees
			3.7 Types of Blockchain
		4 Consensus
			4.1 Consensus Process via Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)
			4.2 Consensus Process via Proof of Work (PoW)
			4.3 Consensus Process via Proof of Stake (PoS)
			4.4 Other Consensus
		5 Technologies
		6 Blockchain Use Cases for Healthcare
		7 Future Work
		8 Conclusions
		References
	Untitled
Part II Sustainable Approaches Towards Smart City Applications
	Securing Public Safety Mission-Critical 5G Communications of Smart Cities
		1 5G Network Vulnerabilities
		2 Securing 5G Military Communications
			2.1 5G and IoT Technologies for Military Applications
			2.2 Security Solutions
		3 Secure Public Safety Networks
			3.1 Use Cases
			3.2 Attack Categorization
			3.3 Threat Scenarios
			3.4 Security Solutions
		4 IoT Healthcare: Privacy and Security Concerns and Solutions
			4.1 Security Requirements
			4.2 Security and Privacy Concerns
			4.3 Security Solutions
		5 Summary
		References
	Applications of Machine Learning and 5G New Radio Vehicle-to-Everything Communication in Smart Cities
		1 Introduction to Machine Learning
		2 Applications of Machine Learning
		3 Deep Learning
		4 The Smart City Landscape
		5 The Internet of Everything
		6 5G New Radio Vehicle-to-Everything Communication
			6.1 Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I)
			6.2 Vehicle-to-Network (V2N)
			6.3 Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P)
			6.4 Initial Access Problem
			6.5 Resource Allocation
				6.5.1 Resource Allocation Modes
			6.6 Relay Vehicle Selection
		7 Main Challenges for Machine Learning
		8 Conclusion
		References
	Analysing the Challenges and Opportunities of Smart Cities
		1 Introduction
		2 Opportunities
		3 Smart Homes
		4 Smart Buildings
		5 Air Quality
		6 Reduce Pollution
		7 Smart Transport
		8 Smart Waste Management
		9 Smart Education
		10 Smart Tourism
		11 Smart Healthcare
		12 Smart Governance
		13 Challenges
		14 Availability
		15 Privacy Issues
		16 Infrastructure Issues
		17 Policy Issues
		18 Social Issues
		19 Network Connectivity
		20 Financial Issues
		21 Conclusion and Recommendation
		References
	Smart City: Transformation to a Digital City
		Abbreviations
		1 Introduction
		2 Components of the IoT for the Smart City
		3 Objectives of the Smart City
		4 Smart Transportation
		5 Smart Grid
		6 Smart Water Management
		7 Smart Waste Management
		8 Smart Environment
		9 Summary
		References
	Bi-objective Study of Public Transport Operation in Smart Cities to Minimize On-Board Passenger Traveling Time and Stop Passenger Delay
		Abbreviations
		1 Introduction
		2 Formulation of a Bus Operation System
			2.1 Problem Statement
			2.2 Model Description
				2.2.1 Stop Volume Dynamics
				2.2.2 Bus Volume Dynamics
				2.2.3 Bus Arrival and Departure Constraints
				2.2.4 Bus Loading Time Constraints
				2.2.5 Bus Boarding Flow and Alighting Flow Constraints
				2.2.6 Bus Speed and Holding Time Constraints
			2.3 Cost Function
				2.3.1 Total Stop Passenger Waiting Time
				2.3.2 Total On-Board Passenger Traveling Time
		3 Solution Algorithms
			3.1 A MINLP Formulation for Bus Operation System
			3.2 Non-dominated Sorting Algorithms
		4 Simulation Results
			4.1 Bus Movement Analysis Under Different Objectives
			4.2 Pareto Graph for Two Different Delays
		5 Conclusions
		References
	Real-Time Traffic Accident Detection for an Intelligent Mobility in Smart Cities
		Abbreviations
		1 Introduction
		2 Data Collection and Processing
		3 Data Aggregation
			3.1 Time Aggregation
			3.2 Position-Time Aggregation
		4 Simulation Results
			4.1 Road Accident Detection Using SVM
			4.2 Linear SVM
				4.2.1 Time Aggregation
				4.2.2 Position-Time Aggregation
			4.3 Nonlinear SVM
				4.3.1 Time Aggregation
				4.3.2 Position-Time Aggregation
			4.4 Gradient Tree Boosting (GTB): Tenfold Cross-Validation
				4.4.1 Time Aggregation
				4.4.2 Position-Time Aggregation
		5 Conclusions and Scope for Future Work
		References
Part III Sustainable Approaches Towards Smart Healthcare Applications
	Smart E-Healthcare Business Model Using IoT
		1 Introduction
		2 System for Electronic Health Record
		3 IoT Business Model
		4 Important Components of the Proposed IoT-Based Service Business Model
		5 Various Business Models in the Health Sector
			5.1 E-Health Final Report Business Model [8]
			5.2 Osterwalder and Pigneur Outline Four Elements of an Effective Company Model
			5.3 There Are Six Additional Business Models for Healthcare Systems in Addition to These Two
		6 Issues of the System
		7 Proposed Model
		8 Summary
		References
	Intangible Approaches to Improve Individual Health Indicators and Empower Caregivers
		1 Introduction
		2 Technology in the Context of Well-Being and Caregiving
		3 Conceptual Foundations
		4 Developed Prototype
			4.1 Database Layer
			4.2 Server Layer
			4.3 End-User Applications
		5 Conclusion and Final Remarks
		References
	Edge Computing and Network Softwarization for the Internet of Healthcare Things
		1 Introduction
		2 Improving Healthcare Systems
			2.1 The Internet of Things
			2.2 Cloud Computing
			2.3 5G Network
		3 Edge Computing
		4 Intelligent Edge
		5 Network Slicing
		6 Healthcare
			6.1 Health 4.0
			6.2 5G and IoHT Applications in Health 4.0
			6.3 Open Challenges for IoHT in 5G&B
		7 Conclusion
		References
	Health Care 4.0: Challenges for the Elderly with IoT
		1 Digital Literacy: Reflections About the Concept and Implications for the Elderly
		2 Ambient Assisted Living [AAL] and Internet of Things [IoT]: Implications and Consequences on Daily Routines
		3 Reflections and Proposals for the Healthcare with Emergent Technologies
		References
	Segmentation of Lung Lesions Caused by COVID-19 in Computed Tomography Images Using Deep Learning
		Abbreviations
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Coronavirus Disease 19
		2 Background
		3 Healthcare in Smart Cities
		4 Theory
			4.1 Computed Tomography
			4.2 Artificial Intelligence
			4.3 Deep Learning
			4.4 Convolutional Neural Networks
			4.5 CNN Architectures for Image Segmentation
		5 Methodology
			5.1 Dataset Description
			5.2 Design of the Neural Network Architecture
			5.3 Strategies for Training the Model
			5.4 Validation of the Model
		6 Results
		7 Conclusions
		References
Index