Internet and Social Change in Rural Indonesia: From Development Communication to Communication Development in Decentralized Indonesia

Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
	1.1 Problem definition
	1.2 Structure of the book
2 Literature Review
	2.1 Historical Account of Indonesian National Development (Communication): From the Authoritarian to a Democratic System
		2.1.1 The Old Order (Orde Lama): “Politics as the Commander”
		2.1.2 The New Order (Orde Baru): “Economy as the Commander”
		2.1.3 Reformasi: Transition to Democracy
	2.2 The Power Struggle Between Center-periphery
		2.2.1 Decentralization Policy or Regional Autonomy
		2.2.2 Changes in National Development Policies
		2.2.3 Contextualizing Desa: Re-pluralization of Desa as a Means to Empower the Periphery
		2.2.4 Social and Cultural Marginalization of Desa
	2.3 Rural Internet in Indonesia
3 Theoretical Framework
	3.1 Development Communication
		3.1.1 Definitions of Development Communication
		3.1.2 Paradigms of Development (Communication) Studies
		3.1.3 Positioning ICT in Development Practices: ICT4D as the Common term
	3.2 The Public Sphere(s)
	3.3 Structural Theory of Imperialism
		3.3.1 Communicational and Structural Relations of Center and Periphery
		3.3.2 Power Dimension in Center-periphery Relations
	3.4 Theoretical Matrix
4 Research Objectives
5 Methodology
	5.1 Grounded Theory
	5.2 Participatory Observation
		5.2.1 Degree of Participation and the Role of the Researcher
		5.2.2 Enter and Exit Strategy
	5.3 Data Analysis of Grounded Theory Method
		5.3.1 Coding Process 1: Open or Initial Coding
		5.3.2 Coding process 2: Focused or Selective Coding (Theoretical Coding)
		5.3.3 Memo-writing
	5.4 Limitations of the Research
	5.5 Ethical Issues
	5.6 Methodological Reflections
6 Research Field, Subjects and Informants
	6.1 Melung Village
	6.2 Gerakan Desa Membangun (GDM) or Village Development Movement
		6.2.1 The Establishment and Principles of GDM
		6.2.2 The Movement’s Signature: Internet, New ICTs and desa.id
		6.2.3 From the Bottom Upward: GDM as an Organic Movement
		6.2.4 Collectiveness and Network-Making as the Structure of the Movement
	6.3 The Informants
		6.3.1 Khoerudin
		6.3.2 Margino
		6.3.3 Budi Satrio
		6.3.4 Jakarta Tisam
		6.3.5 Yossy Suparyo
		6.3.6 Budiman Sudjatmiko
		6.3.7 Aris Kurniawan
		6.3.8 Lisa Lindawati
		6.3.9 Citra Lestari
		6.3.10 Taryono
		6.3.11 Pak Kayim
		6.3.12 Sardi
		6.3.13 Syarifudin
		6.3.14 Sukirno
7 Empirical Findings and Analysis Results
	7.1 Toward a Theory of Communication Development
		7.1.1 The Six Cs
		7.1.2 Bottom-up Process of Communication Development
	7.2 Communication Empowerment as the Foundation of Communication Development
		7.2.1 The Problem of Inherent Inequality in Empowerment: Is Empowerment the Appropriate Term?
		7.2.2 The Question of Collectivity: From Empowerment to Self-empowerment to Collective and Connective Empowerment
		7.2.3 The Means and Goals of Communication Empowerment
		7.2.4 The Need for Literacy in Communication Empowerment
8 Conclusion
Appendices
References