International Trade and Transportation Infrastructure Development: Experiences in North America and Europe

Front Cover
International Trade and Transportation Infrastructure Development: Experiences in North America and Europe
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
I. The Link Between Trade and Transportation
	1 Trade and transportation relationship
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 The relationship between trade and the transportation system
		1.3 North American transportation system
			1.3.1 Waterways in North America
			1.3.2 Railways in North America
			1.3.3 Roads in North America
			1.3.4 North American gateways
		1.4 European transportation system
			1.4.1 Roads in the European Union
			1.4.2 Railways in the European Union
			1.4.3 Inland waterways in the European Union
			1.4.4 Ports in the European Union
		1.5 Organization of this book
		References
II. Trade and Transportation in North America
	2 Trade evolution in North America
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 North America Free Trade Agreement tariffs and timeline
		2.3 North America Free Trade Agreement side agreements on labor and the environment
		2.4 North America Free Trade Agreement renegotiation and potential implications for transportation
			2.4.1 Auto industry
			2.4.2 Canada’s dairy industry
			2.4.3 Technological companies and online trade
			2.4.4 Steel and aluminum tariffs
		2.5 Global and North America Free Trade Agreement trade
			2.5.1 Global trade
			2.5.2 Trade in the North America Free Trade Agreement Bloc
		2.6 China’s trade evolution
			2.6.1 China’s trade with the world
			2.6.2 US–China trade
				2.6.2.1 Key US–China trade commodities: China’s exports
				2.6.2.2 Key US–China trade commodities: China’s imports
		2.7 Impacts of offshoring and nearshoring in North American Free Trade Agreement trade
		References
	3 US–Canada and US–Mexico trade demand
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 US–Canada trade
			3.2.1 US–Canada trade by truck
				3.2.1.1 US–Canada trade by truck: vehicle other than railway by truck
				3.2.1.2 US–Canada trade by truck: computer-related machinery and parts
				3.2.1.3 US–Canada trade by truck: electrical machinery; equipment and parts
				3.2.1.4 US–Canada trade by truck: plastics and articles
			3.2.2 US–Canada trade by rail
				3.2.2.1 US–Canada trade by rail: vehicle other than railway by truck
				3.2.2.2 U.S–Canada trade by rail: mineral fuels; oils and waxes
			3.2.3 US–Canada trade by vessel
		3.3 US–Mexico trade
			3.3.1 US–Mexico trade by truck
				3.3.1.1 US exports to Mexico by truck: electrical machinery; equipment and parts
				3.3.1.2 US exports to Mexico by truck: computer-related machinery and parts
				3.3.1.3 US exports to Mexico by truck: vehicles other than railway
			3.3.2 US–Mexico trade by rail
				3.3.2.1 US exports to Mexico by rail: vehicles other than railway
				3.3.2.2 US exports to Mexico by rail: computer-related machinery and parts
				3.3.2.3 US exports to Mexico by rail: plastics and articles
			3.3.3 US–Mexico trade by vessel
			3.3.4 US imports by truck and rail
		3.4 Key North American Free Trade Agreement supply chains
			3.4.1 Auto industry
			3.4.2 Agriculture and foods products
			3.4.3 Energy
		References
	4 Cross-border transportation infrastructure in North America (transportation supply)
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Roadway system in Canada
			4.2.1 Canadian Asia–Pacific gateway and corridor strategy
			4.2.2 Canadian Ontario–Quebec Continental Gateway strategy
			4.2.3 Canada’s Atlantic gateway and trade corridor strategy
			4.2.4 Canada’s highway funding
		4.3 Roadway system in the United States
			4.3.1 National Highway System in the United States
			4.3.2 The United States National Highway Freight Network
			4.3.3 Highway funding in the United States
		4.4 Roadway system in Mexico
			4.4.1 Highway classification in Mexico for freight movement
			4.4.2 Highway corridors in Mexico
			4.4.3 Highway funding in Mexico
		4.5 Summary: North American highway systems
		4.6 Railroads in North America
			4.6.1 Railroad classification
		4.7 Land border crossings
			4.7.1 US–Canada border crossings infrastructure
			4.7.2 US–Canada rail crossings
			4.7.3 US–Mexico border crossings infrastructure
			4.7.4 US–Mexico rail border crossings
		4.8 Stakeholders in the North American border crossing environment
			4.8.1 Federal customs agencies
				4.8.1.1 US Customs and Border Protection
				4.8.1.2 Canadian Border Services Agency
				4.8.1.3 Servicio de Administración Tributaria (Aduana de México)
			4.8.2 Federal and local transportation agencies
			4.8.3 Border crossing operators
			4.8.4 Private sector carriers, customs brokers, and logistics operators
			4.8.5 Other organizations
		4.9 Border crossing processes
			4.9.1 Mexico to the US commercial vehicle crossing process
				4.9.1.1 The Mexican export lot
				4.9.1.2 The US Federal Compound
				4.9.1.3 The state vehicle safety inspection facility
			4.9.2 US to Mexico commercial vehicle crossing
			4.9.3 Mexico to US privately owned vehicle crossing process
			4.9.4 US to Mexico privately owned vehicle crossing process
			4.9.5 Canada–US border crossing processes
		4.10 Trusted traveler and trade programs
			4.10.1 FAST program
			4.10.2 Passenger vehicle border crossing security programs
			4.10.3 Unified cargo processing
				4.10.3.1 US–Mexico cross-border trucking
		4.11 Border crossing infrastructure development process
			4.11.1 US Presidential Permit
			4.11.2 Step 1: Project categorization
			4.11.3 Step 2: Application requirements
			4.11.4 Step 3: Environmental review
			4.11.5 Step 4: Agency review and public comment
			4.11.6 Step 5: National interest determination and permit issuance
		4.12 Border crossing infrastructure funding mechanisms
		References
III. Trade and Transportation in Europe
	5 Trade and transportation evolution in the European Union
		5.1 Description of how the European Union evolved from the original founding members to current status
			5.1.1 A brief history of the European Union
			5.1.2 Decision-making at European Union level and the European institutions involved
			5.1.3 Types of legal acts proposed by the European Commission
			5.1.4 Types of powers granted to the European Union on policy-making decisions
			5.1.5 Financial support to European Union policy implementation: the multiannual financial framework
		5.2 Internal and external trade policy developments and impacts on the transportation system
			5.2.1 Evolution of the European Union trade policy
			5.2.2 Types of European Union trade agreements
			5.2.3 European Union trade agreement negotiation process
			5.2.4 Transport policy and trade
			5.2.5 Today’s context
		5.3 European Union trade agreements, shaping trade relations with non-European Union countries
			5.3.1 Customs union, the internal market and free trade areas in Europe
			5.3.2 Multilateral free trade areas in Europe
			5.3.3 Bi-lateral European Union free trade agreements
			5.3.4 Unilateral trade agreements
		References
	6 Trade demand in the European Union
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Internal and external European Union trade
		6.3 Intra-European Union trade
			6.3.1 Intra-European Union trade by Member State
			6.3.2 Intra-European Union trade by product type
		6.4 Extra-European Union trade
			6.4.1 Extra-European Union trade by Member State
			6.4.2 Extra-European Union trade by product type
		6.5 European Union trade by mode of transport
			6.5.1 Extra-European Union trade by mode
			6.5.2 Inland European Union freight transport
		6.6 Major European supply chains
		Data sources
		References
	7 Transportation corridor infrastructure planning and funding in the European Union
		7.1 Transport network development in Europe
		7.2 The Trans-European Transport Networks
		7.3 Core network corridors
			7.3.1 Atlantic corridor
				7.3.1.1 Atlantic corridor railway network
				7.3.1.2 Atlantic inland waterway network and inland ports
				7.3.1.3 Atlantic maritime infrastructure and motorways of the sea
				7.3.1.4 Atlantic road infrastructure
			7.3.2 Baltic–Adriatic corridor
				7.3.2.1 Baltic–Adriatic railway network
				7.3.2.2 Baltic Adriatic ports infrastructure
				7.3.2.3 Baltic–Adriatic road infrastructure
			7.3.3 Mediterranean corridor
				7.3.3.1 Mediterranean railway network
				7.3.3.2 Mediterranean inland waterway network
				7.3.3.3 Mediterranean ports infrastructure
				7.3.3.4 Mediterranean road infrastructure
			7.3.4 North Sea–Baltic corridor
				7.3.4.1 North Sea–Baltic railway network
				7.3.4.2 North Sea–Baltic inland waterway network and inland ports
				7.3.4.3 North Sea–Baltic maritime infrastructure and seaports
				7.3.4.4 North Sea–Baltic road infrastructure
			7.3.5 North Sea–Mediterranean corridor
				7.3.5.1 North Sea–Mediterranean railway network
				7.3.5.2 North Sea–Mediterranean inland waterway network
				7.3.5.3 North Sea–Mediterranean maritime infrastructure and ports
				7.3.5.4 North Sea–Mediterranean road infrastructure
			7.3.6 Orient–East Med corridor
				7.3.6.1 Orient–East Med railway network
				7.3.6.2 Orient–East Med inland waterway network and inland ports
				7.3.6.3 Orient–East Med maritime infrastructure and ports
				7.3.6.4 Orient–East Med road infrastructure
			7.3.7 Rhine–Alpine corridor
				7.3.7.1 Rhine–Alpine railway network
				7.3.7.2 Rhine–Alpine inland waterway network and inland ports
				7.3.7.3 Rhine–Alpine maritime infrastructure and motorways of the sea
				7.3.7.4 Rhine–Alpine road infrastructure
			7.3.8 Rhine–Danube corridor
				7.3.8.1 Rhine–Danube railway network
				7.3.8.2 Rhine–Danube inland waterway network and the inland ports
				7.3.8.3 Rhine–Danube maritime infrastructure and motorways of the sea
				7.3.8.4 Rhine–Danube road infrastructure
			7.3.9 Scandinavian–Mediterranean corridor
				7.3.9.1 Scandinavian–Mediterranean railway network
				7.3.9.2 Scandinavian–Mediterranean inland waterway network and the inland ports
				7.3.9.3 Scandinavian–Mediterranean maritime infrastructure and ports
				7.3.9.4 Scandinavian–Mediterranean road infrastructure
		7.4 European transportation infrastructure funding mechanisms
			7.4.1 Connecting Europe facility
			7.4.2 European fund for strategic investment
			7.4.3 European structural and investment funds
				7.4.3.1 European regional development fund
				7.4.3.2 Cohesion fund
			7.4.4 Horizon 2020
		7.5 Infrastructure connectivity with neighboring countries and key trade partners
			7.5.1 European neighborhood policy
			7.5.2 The EU–China connectivity platform
		References
		Further reading
IV. Trade and Transportation Future Trends
	8 Future outlook
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Disruptive technologies
			8.2.1 Blockchain
			8.2.2 Internet of Things
			8.2.3 Additive manufacturing (three-dimensional printing)
			8.2.4 Automated vehicles/connected vehicles
			8.2.5 Ecommerce
		8.3 Impacts of disruptive technologies to trade and transportation infrastructure development
		8.4 Geopolitical developments
		8.5 Conclusion
		References
Index
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