International Politics on the World Stage

Title
Contents
PART I Studying World Politics
	CHAPTER 1 Thinking and Caring about World Politics
		Previewing the Global Drama
			Global Actors: Meet the Cast
			Alternative Approaches to World Politics
		The Importance of World Politics to Each of Us
			World Politics and Your Finances
				International Trade and Your Finances
				The Flow of International Capital and Your Finances
				Defense Spending and Your Finances
			World Politics and Your Living Space
			World Politics and Your Life
				Transnational Diseases
				Transnational Political Violence
			You Can Make a Difference
				Taking Direct Action
				Voting
				Becoming a Policy Maker
		Thinking Theoretically: Putting Events in Context
			Realist Theory
				Classic Realism and Neorealism
				Realism: An Emphasis on Power
				Realism and the Competitive Future
			Liberal Theory
				Classic Liberalism and Neoliberalism
				Liberalism: An Emphasis on Cooperation
				Liberalism and the Cooperative Future
			Postmodernist, Feminist, and Economic Theories
				Postmodernist Theory
				Feminist Theory
				Economic Theories
			Constructivist Theory
				Constructivism and the Nature of Politics
				Constructivism and the Course of World Politics
			Assessing Theories
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Boxes: Get Involved: Connect with a Student-Oriented Political/Civic Organization
		Debate the Policy Script: Applying Theory to Policy
	CHAPTER 2 The Evolution of World Politics
		The Evolving World System: Early Development
			Ancient Greece and Rome
				After the Fall of Rome, A.D. 476 to 1700
					Universal Authority in the Middle Ages
					Local Authority in the Middle Ages
					The Decline of the Feudal System
					The Decline of Universalistic Authority
					The Emergence of the Sovereign State
				The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
					Popular Sovereignty
					Westernization of the International System
					The Growth of the Multipolar System
		The Evolving World System: The Twentieth Century
			The Eclipse of the Multipolar System
				The Collapse of Europe as a Global Power Center
				The Rise of Non-European Powers
			The Cold War and the Bipolar System
				The Rise and Decline of the Bipolar System
				The End of the Bipolar System
		The Twenty-First Century: The Genesis of a New System
			The Polar Power Structure in the Twenty-First Century
				A Unipolar Moment
				The Multipolar Urge
				Limited Unipolarity
				Future Polarity
			Other Power Changes in the Twenty-First Century
				The Weakening Western Orientation of the International System
				Challenges to the Authority of the State
				Security in the Twenty-First Century
			Global Economics in the Twenty-First Century
				Economic Interdependence
				Economic Disparity between North and South
			Quality of Life in the Twenty-First Century
				Human Rights
				The Environment
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Box: Debate the Policy Script: Is Preemptive War Good Policy?
	CHAPTER 3 Levels of Analysis and Foreign Policy
		Individual-Level Analysis
			Humans as a Species
				Cognitive Factors
					Emotional Factors
					Psychological Factors
					Biological Factors
					Perceptions
				Organizational Behavior
					Role Behavior
					Decision-Making Behavior within Organizations
				Leaders and Their Individual Traits
					Personality
					Physical and Mental Health
					Ego and Ambition
					Political History and Personal Experiences
					Perceptions and Operational Reality
				Policy as a Mix of Rational and Irrational Factors
		State-Level Analysis
			Making Foreign Policy: Type of Government, Situation, and Policy
				Type of Government and the Foreign Policy Process
				Type of Situation and the Foreign Policy Process
				Type of Policy and the Foreign Policy Process
			Making Foreign Policy: Political Culture
			Foreign Policy–Making Actors
				Heads of Government and Other Political Executives
				Bureaucracies
				Legislatures
				Interest Groups
				The People
		System-Level Analysis
			Structural Characteristics
				The Organization of Authority
				Scope, Level, and Intensity of Interactions
			Power Relationships
				The Number of Powerful Actors
				The Context of Power
			Economic Realities
			Norms
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Box: Debate the Policy Script: Who Should Decide on War?
PART II Political Orientations on the World Stage
	CHAPTER 4 Nationalism: The Traditional Orientation
		Understanding Nations, Nationalism, and Nation-States
			Nations, Nationalism, and Nation-States Defined
				Nations
					Nationalism
					Nation-States
				The Rise and Ascendancy of Nationalism
					Early Nationalism
					Ascendant Modern Nationalism
					Patterns of Nation-State Formation
		Nationalism in Practice: Issues and Evaluation
			Nation-States: More Myth Than Reality
				One State, One Nation
				One State, Multiple Nations
				One Nation, Multiple States
				One Nation, No State
				Multiple Nations, Multiple States
			Positive and Negative Aspects of Nationalism
				Positive Nationalism
				Negative Nationalism
			Self-Determination as a Goal
				Positive Aspects of Self-Determination
				Concerns about Self-Determination
		Nationalism and the Future
			The Recent Past and Present of Nationalism
				The Predicted Demise of Nationalism
				Persistent Nationalism
			The Future of Nationalism
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Box: Debate the Policy Script: Should There Be a Limit to Self-Determination?
	CHAPTER 5 Globalism: The Alternative Orientation
		Globalism
			Globalization
				Factors Accelerating Globalization
				Globalization of Transportation and Communications
					Global Transportation
					Global Communications
				Economic Globalization
					Trade
					International Investment
					Monetary Exchange
				Cultural Globalization
					Language
					Consumer Products
				Evaluating Globalization
					Arguments for Economic Globalization
					Concerns about Economic Globalization
					Concerns about Cultural Globalization
		Transnationalism
			Transnational Organizations
				The Growth of NGOs
				The Activities of NGOs
				The Impact of NGOs
			Regional Transnationalism
			Cultural Transnationalism
			Transnational Religion
				Religion and World Politics
				The Strength of Religious Fundamentalism
			Islam and the World
				The Political Heritage of Muslims
				Islam and Nationalism
				Islam and the Non-Islamic World
				Islamic Sectarianism
				Islamic Traditionalism and Secularism
			Transnational Movements
				Women in the World
				Goals of the Transnational Women’s Movement
				Organization of the Transnational Women’s Movement
				Advances of Women in Politics
			The Future of Transnationalism
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Box: Get Involved: Join an NGO
PART III Organizational Structures of the Actors
	CHAPTER 6 National States: The Traditional Structure
		The Nature and Purpose of the State
			The State Defined
				Sovereignty
					Territory
					Population
					Diplomatic Recognition
					Internal Organization
					Domestic Support
					States and Semistates
				Purposes of the State
		How States Are Governed
			Authoritarian Government
			Democratic Government
				Process versus Outcome
				Degree of Participation
		The Future of Democracy
			The Possibilities of Spreading Democracy
				Democracy and Economic Development
				Attitudes about Democracy
				Exporting Democracy
			Policy Impacts of Democracy
				Democracy and Foreign Policy Success
				Democracy and International Security
				Democracy and Domestic Security
		States and the Future
			The State: Changing Status
				Limits to State Governance
				The Weakening of State Sovereignty
			The State: The Indictment
				States Are Obsolete
				States Are Destructive
			The State: The Defense
			The State: The Verdict
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Box: Get Involved: The Future of Tibet
	CHAPTER 7 Intergovernmental Organizations: Alternative Governance
		An Overview of Intergovernmental Organizations
			A History of IGOs
				Theories of IGO Formation
					The Growth of IGOs
					Reasons for Growth
				Roles That IGOs Play
					Interactive Arena
					Center of Cooperation
					Independent International Actor
					Supranational Organization
		Global IGOs: Focus on the United Nations
			Membership and Voting
				Membership Issues
				Voting Issues
			Leadership
				The Selection of IGO Leaders
				The Role of IGO Leaders
			Administration and Finance
				Administration
				Finance
			Activities of the UN and Other IGOs
				Activities Promoting Peace and Security
				Social, Economic, Environmental, and Other Activities
			Evaluating Global IGOs
		Regional IGOs: Focus on the European Union
			The Origins and Evolution of the European Union
				Economic Integration
				Political Integration
			Governance of the European Union
				Political Leadership
				Bureaucracy
				Oversight Agencies
				Legislature
				Judiciary
			The Future of the EU
				Campaign for a Constitution
				Reflecting on the EU’s Future
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Box: Debate the Policy Script: Santa or Scrooge? The United States and the UN Budget
PART IV Approaches to Conduct on the World Stage
	CHAPTER 8 National Power and Statecraft: The Traditional Approach
		The Complex Nature of Power
			Characteristics of Power
				Power as an Asset and Goal
				Hard and Soft Power
				Absolute and Relative Power
				Power as Capacity and Will
				Objective and Subjective Power
				Situational Power
			Measuring Power
				Quantification Difficulties
				Power Dynamics
		The Foundation of National Power
			National Geography
			People
				Population
				Age Distribution
				Education
				Health
				Attitudes
			Government
			National Infrastructure
		Military Power
			Measuring Military Power
				Military Spending
				Weapons
				Personnel
			Military Power: Debating How Much
		Economic Power
			Financial Position
			Natural Resources
			Industrial Output
			Agricultural Output
		The Military Instrument
			Applying Force from Intimidation to Attack
			The Effectiveness of Force
				Measurement
				Conditions for Success
		The Economic Instrument
			Economic Incentives
			Economic Sanctions
				The Effectiveness of Sanctions
				The Drawbacks of Sanctions
		The Diplomatic Instrument
			The Context of Diplomacy
				Multilateral Diplomacy
				Leader-to-Leader Diplomacy
				Democratized Diplomacy
				Parliamentary Diplomacy
				Open Diplomacy
			Diplomacy as a Communications Process
			Conducting Diplomacy
				General Rules of Effective Diplomacy
				Direct or Indirect Negotiations
				High-Level or Low-Level Diplomacy
				Using Coercion or Rewards
				Being Precise or Intentionally Vague
				Communicating by Word or Deed
				Linking Issues or Treating Them Separately
				Maximizing or Minimizing a Dispute
		The Informational Instrument
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Box: Debate the Policy Script: Is Immigration a Solution to Demographic Graying?
	CHAPTER 9 International Law and Justice: An Alternative Approach
		Fundamentals of International Law and Justice
			The Primitive Nature of International Law
				The Growth of International Law
				The Practice of International Law
				The Fundamentals of International Justice
		The International Legal System
			The Philosophical Roots of Law
			How International Law Is Made
			Adherence to the Law
				Compliance with the Law
				Enforcement of the Law
			Adjudication of the Law
				International Courts
				Jurisdiction of International Courts
				Effectiveness of International Courts
		Applying International Law and Justice
			Law and Justice in a Multicultural World
				Law and Cultural Perspectives
				Standards of Law for States and Individuals
			States, War, and International Law
				Just Cause of War
				Just Conduct of War
			Applying International Law and Justice to Individuals
				Post–World War II Tribunals
				Current International Tribunals
				The International Criminal Court
			The Pragmatic Application of Law and Justice
		The Future of International Law and Justice
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Box: Debate the Policy Script: Would You Kill This Baby?
PART V Pursuing Peace
	CHAPTER 10 National Security: The Traditional Road
		War and World Politics
			War: The Human Record
				The Causes of War: Three Levels of Analysis
					System-Level Causes of War
					State-Level Causes of War
					Individual-Level Causes of War
				The Changing Nature of War
				Classifying Warfare
			Terrorism
				The Nature and Limits of Terrorism
				Sources of Terrorism
					State Terrorism
					Transnational Terrorist Groups
				The Record of Terrorism
				Terrorist Weapons and Tactics
					Conventional Weapons Terrorism
					Radiological Terrorism
					Chemical and Biological Terrorism
				The Causes of Terrorism
				Combating Terrorism
			Unconventional Force
				Arms Transfers
					Arms Transfers: Where and Why
					Arms Transfers: Drawbacks
				Special Operations
			Conventional Force
				Goals and Conduct of War
				Avoiding Unchecked Escalation
			Weapons of Mass Destruction
				Biological Weapons
				Chemical Weapons
				Nuclear Weapons
					Nuclear Weapons States and Their Arsenals
					The Role of Nuclear Weapons
				Nuclear Deterrence and Strategy
					Deterrence
					Strategy: First Use
					Strategy: National Missile Defense
			Chapter Summary
			Key Terms
			Box: Debate the Policy Script: Should Women Serve in Combat?
	CHAPTER 11 International Security: The Alternative Road
		Thinking about Security
			A Tale of Insecurity
				A Drama about Insecurity
					Critiquing the Drama
				Seeking Security
					Approaches to Security
					Standards of Evaluation
		Limited Self-Defense through Arms Control
			Methods of Achieving Arms Control
			The History of Arms Control
				Arms Control through the 1980s
				Arms Control since 1990: WMDs
				Arms Control since 1990: Nuclear Non-Proliferation
				Arms Control since 1990: Conventional Weapons
			The Barriers to Arms Control
				International Barriers
				Domestic Barriers
		International Security Forces
			International Security Forces: Theory and Practice
				Collective Security
				Peacekeeping
				Peacekeeping Issues
			International Security and the Future
		Abolition of War
			Complete Disarmament
			Pacifism
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Boxes: Get Involved: Adopt a Minefield
		Debate the Policy Script: Is “Zero Nukes” a Good Goal?
PART VI Pursuing Prosperity
	CHAPTER 12 National Economic Competition: The Traditional Road
		Theories of International Political Economy
			Economic Nationalism
				Economic Internationalism
				Economic Structuralism
		The World Economy: Globalization and Interdependence
			Trade
				Expanding Trade
				Factors Promoting Expanded Trade
			International Investment
				Foreign Direct and Portfolio Investment
				International Investment and Multinational Corporations
			Monetary Relations
		The World Economy: Diverse Circumstances
			North-South Patterns
				North-South Economic Patterns
				North-South Societal Patterns
			Evaluating the North-South Gap
				Mixed Data on Development
				Uneven Patterns of Development
		National Economic Relations
			North-North Economic Relations
				Changes in the North’s Economic Climate
				Changes in the North’s Political Climate
			North-South Economic Relations
				The South’s Reform Agenda
				The North’s Response to the South’s Reform Agenda
				New Developments in North-South Competition
			South-South Economic Relations
		Applied Economic Nationalism
			Using Economic Means to Achieve Economic Ends
				Trade and Investment Barriers
				Trade and Investment Supports
			Using Economic Means to Achieve Political Ends
		The Future of Economic Nationalist Policy
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Box: Debate the Policy Script: Sanctions on China?
	CHAPTER 13 International Economic Cooperation: The Alternative Road
		Economic Cooperation and Development: Background and Requirements
			IPE Theory and Cooperation
				The Origins of Economic Cooperation
		Development of the South
			Criteria for Economic Development
			Achieving Economic Development
				Loans
				Private Investment
				Trade
				Foreign Aid
				Remittances
				Internal Reforms
		Economic Cooperation and Development: The Institutions
			The United Nations and Economic Cooperation
				The UN and Global Economic Regulation
				The UN and Development
			Trade Cooperation and Development: The WTO
				The Structure and Role of the WTO
				Revising the GATT: The Doha Round
			Monetary Cooperation in Support of Development: The IMF
				The Role of the IMF
				Criticisms of the IMF
				Defense of the IMF
			Development Cooperation: The World Bank Group
				World Bank Operations
				Controversy about the World Bank Group
			Economic Cooperation and Development: EDC Institutions
				Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
				The Group of Eight (G-8)
		Regional and Bilateral Economic Cooperation and Development
			The Western Hemisphere
				The North American Free Trade Agreement
				The Free Trade Area of the Americas
				Mercosur
			Asia and the Pacific
			Other Regions
			Bilateral Trade Agreements
		Cooperation and Development: Debating the Future
			The Case for Economic Internationalism
				Economic Advantages
				Noneconomic Advantages
			The Case for Economic Nationalism
				Economic Advantages
				Noneconomic Advantages
			The Globalization Debate in Perspective
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Box: Debate the Policy Script: Economic Nationalism or Economic Internationalism?
PART VII Pursuing Human Rights and Environmental Viability
	CHAPTER 14 Preserving and Enhancing Human Rights and Dignity
		The Nature of Human Rights
			Proscriptive and Prescriptive Human Rights
				Universal and Culture-Based Rights
					The Source of Rights
					Applying Universalism and Relativism
				Individual and Community Rights
		Proscriptive Human Rights
			Human Rights: Problems and Progress
				Human Rights Problems
				Human Rights Progress
				Barriers to Progress on Human Rights
			Women’s Rights
				Women’s Rights Problems
				Women’s Rights Progress
			Children’s Rights
				Children’s Rights Problems
				Children’s Rights Progress
			Ethnic, Racial, and Religious Group Rights
				Group Rights Problems
				Group Rights Progress
			The Rights of Indigenous Peoples
				Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Problems
				Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Progress
			Refugee and Migrant Workers’ Rights
				Refugee and Migrant Workers’ Rights Problems
				Refugee and Migrant Workers’ Rights Progress
		Prescriptive Human Rights
			Adequate Nutrition
				Causes of the Food Problem
				The International Response to the Food Problem
			Adequate Health Standards
				Health Needs
				International Response to Health Issues
			Basic Education
				Educational Needs
				The International Response to Education Issues
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Box: Debate the Policy Script: Support a Global Bill of Rights?
	CHAPTER 15 Preserving and Enhancing the Biosphere
		The Ecological State of the World
			Sustainable Development
				The Conundrum of Sustainable Development
					Option 1: Restrict/Rollback Development
					Option 2: Pay for Environmentally Sustainable Development
				The Politics of Sustainable Development
					Earth Summit I
					Earth Summit II
		Sustainable Development: Population Problems and Progress
			Global Recognition of the Population Problem
			Approaches to Reducing the Birthrate
			The Impact of International Population Control Efforts
		Sustainable Development: Resource Problems and Progress
			Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Minerals
			Forests and Land
				Forest Depletion
				Land Degradation
				Forest and Land Protection
			Wildlife
				Global Pressure on Wildlife
				Protecting Wildlife
			Freshwater
			The Seas and Fisheries
				Pressures on the Seas and Fisheries
				Protecting Fisheries
		Sustainable Development: The Environment
			Ground Quality
				International Ground Quality Issues
				International Efforts to Protect Ground Quality
			Water Quality
				International Water Quality Issues
				International Efforts to Protect Water Quality
			Air Quality
				International Air Quality Issues
				Protecting Air Quality
			The Ozone Layer
				Ozone Layer Depletion
				Protecting the Ozone Layer
			Global Warming
				Global Warming: What We Know
				Global Warming: What Is in Dispute
				The International Response to Global Warming
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Box: Debate the Policy Script: Pay More at the Pump?
An Epilogue to the Text/A Prologue to the Future
Endnotes
Glossary
References
Index